International Journal of Angiology最新文献

{"title":"Coronary Plaque Regression: A Review of the Role of Lipid-Lowering Agents.","authors":"Anish Adhikari, Caleb Wutawunashe, Michael Kim, Arber Kodra","doi":"10.1055/a-2692-1482","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2692-1482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The burden of coronary artery disease (CAD) globally is substantial. Lipid-lowering therapies (LLT) significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with CAD. The advent of more sophisticated imaging modalities of the coronary arteries, including intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, and coronary computed tomography angiography with calcium scoring, has allowed for evaluation of changes in plaque composition and volume as surrogates of plaque regression. LLTs, particularly statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, are effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reducing cardiovascular mortality. This review synthesizes the evidence on the efficacy of various LLT agents in promoting plaque regression.</p>","PeriodicalId":13798,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Angiology","volume":"34 4","pages":"272-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12591709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145481962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Clinical Review: Current State of Evidence and Challenges Ahead.","authors":"Zain R Halabi, Ronald T Garcia, Theodore L Schreiber, Amir Kaki","doi":"10.1055/a-2682-4058","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2682-4058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) has been increasingly recognized as a potentially serious nonatherosclerotic condition that can mimic atherosclerotic acute coronary syndromes. This condition has been identified as presenting with the classical clinical and electrocardiographic features that are encountered with acute coronary syndromes. Its formal identification has been historically challenging and difficult. A high index of clinical suspicion before invasive coronary angiography depends on the presence of some inherited and acquired risk factors. Early suspicion plays a key role in the identification of SCAD lesions during coronary angiography. Multiple angiographic features may be present, thus resulting in different types of SCAD lesions. Acute SCAD management favors conservative approaches for stable cases, with revascularization for high-risk presentations. Pharmacotherapy typically includes antiplatelet agents and β-blockers, avoiding routine anticoagulation. Long-term care involves recurrence prevention, monitoring, counseling, and screening for extra coronary fibromuscular dysplasia. Significant areas of uncertainty remain, as this relates to the best long-term management and surveillance strategies. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge and evidence, while pointing out the remaining challenges and the need for additional research.</p>","PeriodicalId":13798,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Angiology","volume":"34 4","pages":"276-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12591711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145481970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient with Acute-On-Chronic Cholecystitis Complicated by Portal Vein Thrombosis Following \"Long COVID-19\": A Case Report.","authors":"Amy Liu, Victoria A Hodkiewicz, Meredith Benson, Mital Patel, Paul Roach","doi":"10.1055/a-2676-3641","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2676-3641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare but serious complication of hypercoagulable states or conditions that increase portal pressure, such as liver cirrhosis, inherited or acquired coagulation cascade abnormalities, myeloproliferative disorders, malignancy, inflammation, or infection. COVID-19 has been associated with a prothrombotic state, leading to both arterial and venous thromboses. Here, we present a patient with minimal hypercoagulable risk factors who presented with PVT and acute-on-chronic cholecystitis with bacteremia, likely provoked by residual hypercoagulability from a \"long COVID-19\" syndrome. An 81-year-old male developed PVT as a complication of acute-on-chronic cholecystitis, with contributing factors potentially including hypercoagulability related to prior COVID-19 infection more than 4 months prior. PVT should remain a diagnostic consideration in patients with various hypercoagulable risk factors, including long COVID-19, who present with relevant clinical findings. There should be a low threshold for the pursuit of further diagnostic imaging, given the serious consequences of delayed diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13798,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Angiology","volume":"35 2","pages":"156-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13171194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147941420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral Arterial Interventions with Reduced Contrast Use: The Save Contrast Study.","authors":"Andrew N Shammas, Nicolas W Shammas, Gail A Shammas, Sue Jones-Miller","doi":"10.1055/a-2676-3593","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2676-3593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contrast volume is a predictor of the occurrence of radiocontrast nephropathy and is associated with a high rate of in-hospital mortality and morbidity. Several strategies have been outlined to reduce contrast volume in the angiographic laboratory. Peripheral arterial endovascular procedures can be lengthy and tend to be associated with the use of high volumes of contrast. In this study, we tested specific interventions intended to reduce contrast volume in the angiographic laboratory during peripheral arterial procedures.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty consecutive procedures (36 patients) who underwent peripheral arterial interventions at a single center were retrospectively reviewed for demographics, clinical, procedural, and major adverse events (MAE) immediately prior to the implementation of a prospective protocol to reduce contrast use in the angiographic laboratory (group A). Following protocol implementation, 50 additional consecutive procedures (42 patients) were prospectively enrolled (group B). The protocol required diluting contrast concentration to a 2:1 dilution for larger vessels and 3:1 for infrapopliteal vessels, the use of selective injections, digital subtraction angiography, a ruler, road mapping, and intravascular ultrasound. The primary endpoint was acute procedural success, defined as achieving <30% residual narrowing with no intraprocedural complications. A primary safety endpoint was MAE at 30 days, which included unplanned amputation, total mortality, or target lesion revascularization. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In groups A and B, 14 and 8 patients had staged procedures, respectively, and were analyzed only once for demographics and clinical characteristics. All patients were analyzed for clinical, angiographic, procedural, and 30-day outcomes. No differences were found in total treated length (mm) or chronic limb-threatening ischemia ( <i>p</i>  = 0.748). More chronic total occlusions were noted in group B than group A (42.3% vs. 24.2%; <i>p</i>  = 0.011). Residual stenosis was significantly more in group B than group A (15.4 ± 23.8% vs. 6.7 ± 6.7%, respectively; <i>p</i>  = 0.015). Contrast use was markedly reduced in group B versus group A (90.4 ± 61.3 cc vs. 221.2 ± 84.7 cc, respectively; <i>p</i>  < 0.001). MAE were similar in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Contrast use can be significantly reduced during peripheral arterial interventions with the implementation of a few simple measures. A statistically nonsignificant decrease in procedural success and an increase in distal embolizations and perforations were noted in the low contrast group. Larger, randomized studies are needed to determine the overall safety of this low contrast approach in peripheral arterial interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13798,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Angiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146213075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Endotyping of Angina Pectoris with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries.","authors":"Veronika Gašpárková, Radka Adlová, Petr Ošťádal, Petr Hájek, Petr Kala","doi":"10.1055/a-2650-7678","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2650-7678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with chest pain are frequently diagnosed with angina pectoris with nonobstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA). The pathophysiology mainly involves the following mechanisms: structural or functional impairment of the microcirculation, functional impairment of the epicardial arteries, or a combination of both. This review describes the diagnosis of ANOCA, focusing on comprehensive coronary functional testing, resulting in more accurate endotyping and subsequent targeted treatment. It also determines the theoretical basis and practical aspects with graphic examples of the examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":13798,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Angiology","volume":"34 4","pages":"284-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12591715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145481938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Indications and Guidelines of Chronic Total Occlusion Revascularization.","authors":"Spas Kotev, Farhad Sami, Boniface Malangu","doi":"10.1055/a-2655-2536","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2655-2536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic total occlusion (CTO), affecting 18 to 30% of coronary artery disease patients undergoing angiography, is linked to refractory angina, reduced left ventricular function, and increased arrhythmia risk. This article synthesizes indications, evidence, and guidelines for CTO revascularization, focusing on percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). CTO PCI achieves over 85% success rates in expert hands, with randomized controlled trials showing improved symptom relief and quality of life, though mortality or ventricular function benefits remain unproven. The 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI and 2018 ESC/EACTS guidelines recommend CTO PCI for refractory angina, emphasizing operator expertise and shared decision-making. Controversies persist regarding prognostic benefits and patient selection. Ongoing trials aim to clarify these issues. This review equips clinicians with a framework to navigate CTO management, balancing evidence and patient-centered care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13798,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Angiology","volume":"34 4","pages":"354-359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12591710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145481676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Functional Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome: A Rare Familial Occurrence.","authors":"Sara J Judickas, David A Epstein, Shenika A Zarebski","doi":"10.1055/a-2655-2572","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2655-2572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (FPAES) is a rare disorder most commonly affecting young, athletic females. We report a case of two sisters, both collegiate athletes, found to have bilateral FPAES confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging and conventional dynamic angiography. In both cases, imaging demonstrated near occlusion of bilateral suprageniculate popliteal arteries during active plantarflexion. Both patients were then treated with medial head gastrocnemius myomectomy. One sister achieved complete resolution of symptoms with no recurrence at 2-year follow-up. The other sister developed recurrent symptoms and was treated with a revisional soleal sling release. This study highlights the rarity of the disorder among siblings and also provides a review of the diagnostic and management approaches for FPAES.</p>","PeriodicalId":13798,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Angiology","volume":"35 2","pages":"151-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13171198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147941424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulatory Support for High-Risk Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Coronary Interventions: Where is the Evidence?","authors":"Andrew J Gorton, Suresh Keshavamurthy","doi":"10.1055/a-2655-2684","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2655-2684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy or other high-risk features undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) present significant perioperative challenges due to elevated procedural risks. Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices such as the intra-aortic balloon pump, Impella devices, and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation have increasingly been used to mitigate these risks. This review aims to evaluate the evidence supporting the use of temporary MCS in high-risk CABG and PCI, define high-risk patient populations, and compare device-specific benefits, risks, and clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13798,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Angiology","volume":"34 4","pages":"344-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12591719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145481827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pathophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease.","authors":"Mark Staroselsky, Angelo Materia, Ramses R Damera, Lorin Berman, Ofek Hai, Roman Zeltser, Amgad N Makaryus","doi":"10.1055/a-2652-1812","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2652-1812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease is among the most prevalent and morbid conditions worldwide. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and can range from mild to fatal conditions. There have been advancements within the field of cardiology to help serve patients and improve outcomes related to CAD. A key aspect of this is a fundamental understanding of the pathophysiology of CAD and applying it in multiple disciplines. Clinicians are better equipped to manage their patients and come up with focused treatment plans once they have a solid foundation of the disease. In this review, we aim to highlight the important pathophysiological mechanisms behind CAD to help aid clinician decision-making and foster future advancements to continue to improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13798,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Angiology","volume":"34 4","pages":"312-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12591721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145481950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Determinants of Health and Effects on Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Karim Amireh, Amgad N Makaryus","doi":"10.1055/a-2645-8778","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2645-8778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research has shown that social determinants of health (SDOH) can influence health outcomes by up to 30 to 55% and can account for 80 to 90% of a person's health status. Our review evaluates SDOH in cardiovascular disease patients and assesses their impact in the field of cardiology as evidenced by research in the literature. Such SDOH as housing availability, access to healthy foods, access to transportation, access to medications, quality of living conditions, quality of schooling, and many other factors, have a great impact upon our patients' outcomes. Nowhere is this more true than in the field of cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death worldwide. By recognizing SDOH and managing them through detection and prevention, patient outcomes can be affected in a positive direction. The key to being successful in this endeavor is to improve our patients' health literacy, promote prevention, and ameliorate the negative factors that affect health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13798,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Angiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"10-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146213038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}