International journal of dental hygiene最新文献

{"title":"Tooth Discoloration Potential of Coffee With Common Additives and the Effectiveness of Whitening Toothpastes in Stain Removal.","authors":"Soyeon Kim, Wanki Lee, Van Mai Truong, Napas Lappanakokiat, Chang-Ha Lee, Young-Seok Park","doi":"10.1111/idh.70160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.70160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the influence of common coffee additives on tooth discolouration and assess the effectiveness of two commercially available whitening toothpastes in removing these stains.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty bovine enamel specimens were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 10 per group) according to the coffee solution used: black coffee (control), coffee with sugar, stevia, Sweet'N Low, Splenda, or cream. Specimens were immersed for 7 days, and colour measurements were obtained every 24 h using a spectrophotometer and quantified using the CIEDE2000 colour difference formula (ΔE₀₀). After staining, specimens were brushed with either a hydrogen peroxide-based toothpaste (V) or an abrasive-based toothpaste (WS) for up to 10,000 cycles, with colour measurements repeated during the brushing phase (1000, 3000, 5000). An additional 18 specimens (n = 3 per group) were sectioned to evaluate stain penetration depth using a microspectrophotometer. Colour change data were analysed using a linear mixed-effects model and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The linear mixed-effects model showed that tooth discoloration increased significantly with immersion time (β = 1.27, p < 0.001). A significant interaction between additive group and immersion time was observed for the cream group (β = -0.776, p < 0.001), indicating a slower rate of discoloration than the control. After 7 days, one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences among additive groups (p = 0.017), with the cream group showing the least discoloration (ΔE₀₀ = 7.26 ± 2.34) and the Splenda group the greatest (ΔE₀₀ = 14.48 ± 0.91). Brushing significantly reduced discoloration across cycles (β = 0.338, p < 0.001), but no significant differences were observed between toothpaste formulations (p = 0.443) or in the toothpaste-cycle interaction (p = 0.306). Cross-sectional analysis showed pigment penetration into enamel and dentine, with the cream group exhibiting the lowest subsurface discoloration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Coffee additives affect the degree of tooth discoloration, with cream showing a protective effect. Both whitening toothpastes were effective, but the hydrogen peroxide formulation generally performed slightly better, potentially due to its deeper stain removal capability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13791,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dental hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Greek Version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form 19: Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties.","authors":"Galateia Kyriakidou, Chrysanthi Anagnostou, Artemis Diamantopoulou, Theodoros Dardavesis, Apostolos Matiakis, Zoi Tsimtsiou","doi":"10.1111/idh.70164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Tools evaluating how oral health affects the quality of life in children serve as valuable patient-related outcome measures (PROMs). This study aimed to develop a culturally adapted Greek version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form 19 (COHIP-SF 19) and assess its psychometric properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bilingual translation and cultural adaptation using cognitive interviews with 15 children aged 8-15 years were conducted to develop the final Greek version. Psychometric testing of the Gr-COHIP-SF 19 was performed in a field study of 196 children and included confirmatory factor analysis, face validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Face validity was additionally evaluated by 50 dentists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Face validity was excellent, endorsed by 93.9% of children and 100% of dentists. Confirmatory factor analysis findings indicated a marginal model fit, providing partial support for the original three-factor structural model. Internal consistency was high for the total scale (Cronbach's alpha: 0.84) and the Socio-emotional Well-being subscale (Cronbach's alpha: 0.84), but marginal for the Oral-Health and the Functional Well-being subscales (Cronbach's alpha: 0.62-0.64). Test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.80; 95% CI 0.65-0.88) was satisfactory.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The total Gr-COHIP-SF 19 demonstrates satisfactory validity and reliability for evaluating oral health-related quality of life in children and young adolescents. Although individual subscale scores should be interpreted with caution, the total tool can serve as a useful PROM to support patient-centred dental care and research in Greek-speaking children and young adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":13791,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dental hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Dental Hygiene Practice: Home-Based Oral Health Care for Older Adults With Complex Care Needs.","authors":"Mersiha Velic, Jessica Persson Kylén","doi":"10.1111/idh.70163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As populations age, increasing numbers of older adults live with multimorbidity, frailty and functional decline, making it difficult or impossible for many older adults to access traditional dental clinics. Despite this growing need, oral health care in home-care settings remains underdeveloped, with limited guidelines, resources and professional support. Dental hygienists are well positioned to address this gap, yet little is known about how oral health assessments unfold in the home environment.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Was to explore, from a dental hygienist perspective, (i) how oral health assessments and interprofessional care planning are conducted in home-care settings for older adults with complex care needs and (ii) how dental hygienists' competence can support the integration of oral health into broader home-care processes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multiple-case study design was used, including four older adults with varying levels of functional, cognitive and oral health status. Data consisted of clinical oral assessments and detailed field notes capturing the dental hygienist's lived experiences of communication, collaboration and contextual conditions during each home visit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cases revealed substantial variation in oral health, self-care ability and environmental conditions. Three participants were unable to attend dental clinics due to mobility limitations, pain, or environmental barriers. Conducting assessments in the home required the dental hygienist to adapt to challenging physical environments, navigate emotional responses and past dental trauma and collaborate closely with the older adults and the nursing assistant. Over time, interprofessional collaboration was considered to be strengthened and became essential for gaining access, building rapport and ensuring safe and person-centred care. The findings also identified major gaps in guidelines, training and organisational structures for home-based oral health care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Home-based oral health care for older adults is complex and requires dental hygienists to integrate clinical expertise with adaptability, communication skills and interprofessional collaboration. As emphasised by the body of knowledge, oral health must be embedded within primary and community care systems. Dental hygienists are well positioned to lead this development, but clearer guidelines, enhanced training and supportive organisational frameworks are urgently needed to ensure equitable and person-centred oral health care for ageing populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13791,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dental hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Not Measured Cannot Be Planned: Public Dental Hygienists and Preventive Workforce Visibility in Oral Health Systems.","authors":"Manuel Jesús Enciso-Ripoll, Francisco J Silvestre","doi":"10.1111/idh.70161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.70161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine preventive oral health workforce visibility as a prerequisite for health-system planning, governance and accountability, using Spain as an illustrative case within a broader international perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This Editorial synthesises current WHO workforce-monitoring frameworks, recent literature on preventive oral health workforce planning and previously reported Spanish administrative workforce data. No new dataset was generated or analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Workforce visibility should be distinguished from workforce sufficiency, service implementation and health outcomes. The relevant preventive workforce may include dental hygienists, dental therapists, oral health therapists and other locally recognised cadres. In Spain, 1207 publicly employed dental hygienists were previously identified, without representing the total practising workforce. A minimum monitoring set should include headcount and full-time-equivalent supply, population-adjusted density, geographical distribution, employment and contracting model, scope and activity, and integration into preventive programmes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Standardised monitoring aligned with the WHO National Health Workforce Accounts can strengthen assessment of health-system readiness while preserving the distinction between workforce measurement, service delivery and health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13791,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dental hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental Plaque Scores After 2 or 3 Minutes Toothbrushing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Lars S J Toonen, Tim M J A Thomassen, Anouk W M Loeffen, Mark F Timmerman, Fridus A van der Weijden, Dagmar Else Slot","doi":"10.1111/idh.70154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Compared to the standard recommended brushing duration of 2 min, what is the effect of a 3 min on dental plaque scores, based on data from single toothbrushing exercises?</p><p><strong>Prospero: </strong>CRD42023445354.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE-PubMed, Cochrane-CENTRAL and Embase databases were searched up to May 2025 to identify eligible studies. Extracted data were summarised in a descriptive and, if possible, a meta-analysis using difference of means (DiffM) or standardised mean difference (SMD) as outcome measures. The methodological quality of the included studies was scored using the RoB 2. Separate analyses were performed to evaluate participants' toothbrushing (PART) and professional toothbrushing (PROF), considering both manual (MTB) and powered (PTB) toothbrushes as distinct groups for subsequent comparisons. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the selection criteria, the search identified 6 unique eligible publications providing 20 comparisons. The meta-analysis revealed statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) for PART-MTB at the end scores, and for PROF-PTB at end scores in favour of 3 min brushing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the descriptive and meta-analyses as found in single brushing experiments there is, with moderate certainty, a very small to no difference in plaque removal, as measured in dental plaque reduction scores in favour of 3 min brushing rather than 2 min. Given the small effect size of the difference, the clinical relevance was estimated as negligible.</p>","PeriodicalId":13791,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dental hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Motivation to Access: Oral Health in Psychiatric Nursing Handover.","authors":"Chi-Jen Huang, Lien-Chung Wei","doi":"10.1111/idh.70159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.70159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13791,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dental hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Dyclonine Hydrochloride Mucilage for Pain Control in Plaque Control-Oriented Periodontal Therapy: A Double-Blind Randomised Clinical Trial.","authors":"Zeng Yi, Zhou Hangfan, Huang Rongli, Wu Zixiang, Chu Xiangyuan, Yang Jiantang, Yang Kun, Yan Fuhua, Ge Song","doi":"10.1111/idh.70158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.70158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage (DYC) in controlling pain during guided biofilm therapy (GBT) and its potential to improve patient comfort and adherence to regular supportive periodontal treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients aged 18-65 years undergoing GBT were enrolled in this randomised, double-blind, split-mouth placebo-controlled study. The left and right sides of the mouth were randomly assigned to the control or experimental group using a coin toss. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale was completed before the procedure. In the control group, cotton balls soaked in a 1:1 mixture of normal saline and 3% hydrogen peroxide were applied to the mucosa and gingiva for 1 min before supragingival scaling, air polishing, and periodontal probing. In the experimental group, patients rinsed with DYC for 3 min before undergoing the same procedures. After treatment, patients completed a numeric rating scale to assess pain. Neither the patients nor the operator was aware of the treatment allocation. Non-parametric tests and generalised linear models were used to analyse changes in pain scores and factors associated with the anaesthetic effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pain scores during GBT were significantly reduced with DYC. The median (interquartile range) changes in pain scores were: supragingival scaling, 1.0 (0.0-1.0); air polishing, 1.0 (0.0-1.0); and periodontal probing, 0.0 (0.0-1.0). Patients with dental anxiety experienced more reductions in pain scores than those without. The ratio of patients willing to use anaesthetics to those unwilling was 2:1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DYC effectively reduces pain during GBT, with a more pronounced effect in patients with dental anxiety. DYC may represent a promising option for pain control during GBT.</p>","PeriodicalId":13791,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dental hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Social Intra/Entrepreneurship Curriculum for Canadian Baccalaureate Dental Hygiene Education.","authors":"Susanne Sunell, Penny Hatzimanolakis, Charn Dhami, Batoul Shariati, Stacey Rhodes-Nesset, Shivalika Katyal, Zul Kanji","doi":"10.1111/idh.70157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem/question: </strong>The University of British Columbia's (UBC) Dental Hygiene Degree Program (DHDP) conducted an extensive program renewal process starting in 2017. Two UBC studies and other studies in health literature highlighted the importance of integrating entrepreneurship into dental hygiene education. What entrepreneurial knowledge and abilities are essential for the graduates of a 4-year dental hygiene baccalaureate program to support access to oral health care?</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study involved a participatory action research design. Through a purposeful sampling approach, 6 faculty members and 4 senior students volunteered to develop curriculum around entrepreneurship. This included an iterative process involving 6 focus group sessions facilitated by a contracted consultant. The analysis of textual data was based on grounded theory methodology, with the consultant involved in the initial coding and recoding. This was followed by feedback loops to the author group (n = 4) and all focus group members (n = 1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Entrepreneurship Focus Group (EFG) members co-created a Social Intra/Entrepreneurship domain with its associated sub-competencies (n = 13) and sample learning activities (n = 13). A 'challenge-based' assessment was developed to align with the domain competencies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the 2021-2022 academic year, the EFG developed a Social Intra/Entrepreneurship curriculum for baccalaureate dental hygiene students. This marks an important step towards incorporating entrepreneurship within dental hygiene education. The findings of this study are fundamental in preparing graduates to assume more impactful and diverse roles in innovative and creative healthcare reform.</p>","PeriodicalId":13791,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dental hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148850633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Laser Therapy, Mechanical Scaling, and Scaling With Hand Instruments in Microbiological and Clinical Indices Alteration After Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Zohreh Afshari, Javad Abbasi, Arefeh Esfandpour, Sima Kiani","doi":"10.1111/idh.70155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The major role of chronic periodontal diseases in impairing human oral health shows the importance of seeking the most efficient implement to address this prevalent issue. The objective of this study is to compare nonsurgical treatment tools, including Gracey's curette, sonic/ultrasonic, and laser instruments, considering their effect on subgingival microbial flora and clinical indices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following a search in six databases, clinical studies using Gracey's curette, sonic/ultrasonic, or laser monotherapy were included. The data extraction table was designed based on specified parameters and network meta-analysis was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen articles were included in the review, from which 14 studies were eligible for network meta-analysis. The results indicate that changes in bleeding on probing and gingival index are not significantly affected by therapeutic technique. However, clinical attachment level changes are more satisfactory in ultrasonic- and laser-treated groups 1 month postoperatively (MD = -0.3875, -0.2700 respectively). The difference from baseline is significant (p ≤ 0.0001). After 3 months, the impact of Gracey's curette on plaque index changes (p = 1.0000), as well as the effect of Erbium laser on pocket probing depth (p = 0.0069), is significantly greater than that of other instruments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The selected nonsurgical method can affect the ultimate result of periodontal therapy. For instance, clinical attachment level shows greater susceptibility to ultrasonic devices in a short-term period. Despite that, changes in bleeding on probing, gingival index, and microbiological parameters do not show significant diversity subsequent to different treatments. Taken together, clinicians can adopt a suitable method depending on their purpose, equipment, and skill.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42024544540.</p>","PeriodicalId":13791,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dental hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evidence Base of Fluoride Videos on TikTok.","authors":"Annel Lueth, Lance Brendan Young","doi":"10.1111/idh.70151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The fluoride controversy has intensified in recent years, partly due to new research suggesting negative health effects. Simultaneously, TikTok has become a prominent platform for disseminating oral health-related content, but its accuracy remains uncertain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate TikTok videos addressing fluoride use, comparing the characteristics of videos which are evidence-based to those which are not.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quantitative content analysis was conducted of the first videos (N = 120) which met the search criteria: provided by TikTok in response to the search string, 'fluoride vs. no fluoride'; publicly accessible; and English-language content. Videos were viewed and coded on the following seven variables: message content (evidence base); source; fluoride position; editing style; length; view rate (views/month); and interaction index (likes/views). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi square, independent-samples t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 22.5% of the videos were evidence-based and only 40.0% were pro-fluoride, although 54.1% of the sources were health professionals. Evidence-based videos were more likely to be produced by health professionals (χ² = 7.18, df = 2, p = 0.028), carry a pro-fluoride message (χ² = 11.91, df = 2, p = 0.003), and be longer (t = 2.16, df = 118, p = 0.033) than videos without an evidence base. The evidence-based videos did not significantly differ in editing style, view rate, or interaction index.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>People using TikTok for clarity on fluoride are less likely to find evidence-based videos, and those videos tend to be pro-fluoride, feature health professionals and be longer than videos which are not evidence based.</p>","PeriodicalId":13791,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dental hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}