Current Approaches in Orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Stability of Diastemas Closure after Orthodontic Treatment","authors":"M. J. C. Honores","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82480","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of diastemas varies greatly according to age and ethnic group. In perma- nent dentition, it varies from 1.7 to 38%. Its etiology is multifactorial. In the deciduous and mixed dentition phases, interincisal diastemas are considered normal. There are sev- eral approaches used in the treatment of anterosuperior diastemas, which vary according to the present etiologic factor. Orthodontic treatment also has the function of treating any other associated occlusal problem and helping in the elimination of parafunctional hab-its. Some authors agree that orthodontic closure of diastemas without subsequent sur- gery for removing the abnormal labial brake greatly increases the frequency of relapse in the postretention period, while others concluded that the fibrotomy of periodontal fibers together with the retainer had a positive effect on the stability of space closure. Buccal and lingual teeth inclinations have greater tendency to relapse, while mesial and distal movements, with a period of containment, are stable movements. Removable retainers are not considered a good choice. Depending on the type of initial malocclusion, the use of retainers throughout life is recommended. Fixed retention is often cited as the only satisfactory method to promote stability at the closure of previous diastemas. eruption; genetic factors such as large jaws and small teeth; tooth size, interarch discrepancy, agenesis, and micro-diseases; characteristics relating to ethnic groups; low insertion of the upper labial frenulum, preventing the mesial migration of the maxillary central incisors during canine eruption; dental rotations; supernumerary teeth, among which a classic example is conditions, as cysts, and tumors;","PeriodicalId":137901,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Orthodontics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114429509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Approaches in Orthognathic Surgery","authors":"M. Ataç","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83547","url":null,"abstract":"The orthognathic surgical procedures are performed for the correction of abnormalities of the facial skeleton that are present from the birth or arise during growth or acquired secondarily during lifetime. Due to the cover of this book as orthodontics, I would prefer to summarize some commonly used techniques to correct the dentofacial deformities. Even we have published all these techniques at their popular time with our orthodon- tist colleagues; skeletal anchor systems, some basic interdental osteotomies, or complex mechanics that are applying orthopedic corrective forces are currently being used by the orthodontists rather than surgeons. Le Fort I osteotomy in maxilla and sagittal split ramus osteotomies (SSRO) in mandible are commonly used techniques to solve the defor- mity problems of the facial skeleton; therefore, the scope of this chapter is going to be including my personal experience and some technical details with Le Fort I and SSRO. edema, paresthesia, and pain and patient satisfaction and operation times of orthognathic surgical operations performed with conventional drills and piezoelectric surgery. A total of 200 patients with completed skeletal growth and malocclusion due to mastication dysfunc tions were retrospectively evaluated. These patients were divided into two main groups named control group and piezo group. Each group was divided into three subgroups about the type of surgical procedure performed, which are, Le Fort 1 subgroup, bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) subgroup, and bimaxillary subgroup. The evaluation between the groups is made at postoperative 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, and 6 months. To evaluate each subgroup, the data acquired from a specific subgroup was compared to the subgroup with the same name in the other main group. After piezoelectric surgery edema, neurosensory dys-function and pain levels were found to be lesser than conventional techniques. Patient satisfaction was found to be higher in piezoelectric surgery patients. When operation times were compared, piezoelectric surgery was discovered to take longer to finish the osteotomy because of its lower cutting efficiency. This study shows that the selective cutting ability of the piezo electric surgery device provides an extremely safe osteotomy for patients by performing a selective osteotomy, thus preserving critical adjacent soft tissues [10]. The piezosurgery begins with the medial aspect of the ramus just over the mandibular foramina, and the cutting tip of the handpiece will be directed 45° angle at posterior start point with around a depth of 2 mm and comes anteriorly. On the ascending ramus, the tip is applied without angulation as deep as possible through the cortex to reach the medullary bone and declines inferiorly on the external oblique linea. If the procedure is a mandibular setback surgery, it is better to extend the osteotomy till the anterior border of the external oblique linea which would help the removal of bony segmen","PeriodicalId":137901,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Orthodontics","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127511743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated Orthodontics","authors":"Anand K. Patil, Amrit Singh Maan","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.80915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80915","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical orthodontics is ever dynamic branch of Dentistry. Traditionally orthodontics was always considered as aesthetic treatment of face & also needed for proper oral oral function. This treatment may take up 2–3 years of total duration. The chapter describes changing trends in this aspect wherein we speed up the treatment by various methods thus reducing the overall time duration. These modalities include alteration in bio mechanics, pharmacological, chemical & by biological means. It is also cautioned here that the clinician has to take up these changing trends based on sound clinical knowledge & evidence based applicability.","PeriodicalId":137901,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Orthodontics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114820667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-Osteoperforations","authors":"Esra Bolat","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.81419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81419","url":null,"abstract":"The researchers have tended to study on methods which will shorten orthodontic treatment periods due to the fact that orthodontic treatments are long-term treatments with increased side-effect potentials depending on the use of orthodontic force. There is a need for shortening orthodontic treatment time besides minimizing the side effects and achieving permanent results. Therefore, local or systemic application of various chemical agents, some physical-mechanic stimulus, and surgery-assisted methods are used. Surgically assisted methods have a longer clinical history with more predictable and consistent results among the acceleration methods of tooth movement. On the other hand, they include some complication risks due to the interventions as they are invasive methods, which is accepted as the disadvantage of these methods. Outstanding with its ease of implementation and repeatability, “micro-osteoperforation,” which is less invasive than other surgical methods, is an up-to-date technique. Animal studies show that micro-osteoperforations increase orthodontic tooth movement rate by enhancing the cellular response. These findings are also supported by a limited number of clinical studies. Although micro-osteoperforations were reported to be included in tooth acceleration techniques as a trustable and applicable method in clinical routine, issues such as application techniques, possible side effects, and combining with different mechanics should be evaluated with further clinical studies.","PeriodicalId":137901,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Orthodontics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125622876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Innovations in Orthodontics","authors":"B. Aslan, F. Uzuner","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84694","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137901,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Orthodontics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125266470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary Treatment Approaches to Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome","authors":"H. Oğuz","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81911","url":null,"abstract":"Upper airway diseases decrease sleep time and/or quality, which leads to excessive day time sleepiness, fatigue, and lack of concentration. Upper airway diseases can be classified into two groups: upper airway resistance syndrome and sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep apnea syndrome is a disease, which occurs during sleeping, characterized by apneic and hypopneic events, low oxygen levels in lungs, blood oxygen desaturation, sleep arousal, and/or awakening. It increases morbidity and mortality of the patients. Sleep apnea syn drome has three types: central, mixed, and obstructive. Central and mixed apnea can be treated only by medical practitioners. But in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons have an important role. The aim of this chapter is to present current information about etiology, diagnostic tools, and treatment alterna-tives of obstructive sleep apnea and to introduce dental sleep medicine to orthodontists.","PeriodicalId":137901,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Orthodontics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129119251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgery First Approach","authors":"A. Gülşen","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80951","url":null,"abstract":"The surgery first approach (SFA) was presented by some researchers in earlier years, but SFA in a combined treatment, with the surgery first and the orthodontic treatment second, as introduced by Brachvogel et al. and by Nagasaka et al., has gained attention in the past 10 years. The advantages of SFA were reported in the literature, and the research into this method continues. One of the advantages of the SFA is the shorter total treatment time, and another is that patients begin treatment with a much improved face esthetically. The protocol of presurgical orthodontics is well known in dentofacial anomalies, but in SFA, especially in complex cases, the meticulous treatment is very important. In this chapter, SFA will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":137901,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Orthodontics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130830303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthodontics in Relation with Alveolar Bone Grafting in CLP Patients","authors":"Aslıhan Uzel","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80853","url":null,"abstract":"Alveolar bone grafting is an essential step in the overall management of patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). The numerous advantages of this procedure have been reported in the literature. Failure to rehabilitate the alveolar cleft may give rise to a variety of problems. Lack of investing alveolar bone often precludes the correction of anterior tooth irregularities and limits orthodontic treatment and/or prosthodontic rehabilitation. The success of the graft is multifactorial. The periodontal health of the surrounding graft tissues, the experience and ability of the surgeon, the timing of surgery, and orthodontic management of the cleft area before and after grafting are shown to be the most important factors in this issue. In this chapter, current orthodontic approaches in relation with alveolar bone grafting (ABG) in cleft patients will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":137901,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Orthodontics","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115126267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Gene Therapy and Molecular Biology Aspect","authors":"P. Atsawasuwan, S. Shirazi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80287","url":null,"abstract":"Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement has been recently the topic of interest for ortho- dontic practitioners. Increased numbers of both clinical and research articles associated with the accelerated orthodontic treatment have been published in peer-reviewed journals in the last couple of years. Biochemical approaches such as administration of drugs, vitamins, and proteins and/or physical approaches such as surgery, vibration, and photobiomodulation have been widely reported and demonstrated the predicted outcome; however, the results are controversial. Very few reports addressed on genetic background of patients or utiliza- tion of molecular biological approach on the accelerated orthodontic treatment. In this chapter, we will discuss about biology of tooth movement and how the advances in gene therapy and molecular biology technology would shape the future of orthodontic treatment. transfer approach using a hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) envelope vector carrying mouse OPG messenger RNA (mRNA) was performed in rats for 21 days of tooth movement. The vector solution was administered into rat ’ s palatal gingiva by infiltration injection. The result showed that local OPG gene transfer reduced the number of osteoclasts and decreased tooth movement by 50% in rats in the experimental group compared to the ones in the control group. The effect of OPG gene transfer was local and did not affect bone mineral density of tibia of the animals [105]. The same group of investigators performed another experiment using the same system to transfer mouse RANKL mRNA to periodontal tissue to activate osteoclastogenesis and accelerate tooth movement in rats. The results showed that local RANKL gene transfer induced increased numbers of osteoclasts and accelerated tooth movement by approximately 150% in the rats in the experimental group compared to the control group. The effect of RANKL gene transfer was local and did not elicit any systemic effects. Interestingly, the number of osteoclasts was reduced time dependently after gene transfer [104]. Another group of investigators compared corticotomy with gene therapy using a hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope vector containing mouse RANKL mRNA in rats for 32 days. The results showed increased level of RANKL protein 3 folds in the gene therapy group and 2 folds in the corticotomy group after 10 days; however, the level","PeriodicalId":137901,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Orthodontics","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122573703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthosurgical Correction of Severe Vertical Maxillary Excess: Gummy Smile","authors":"F. Saleh, Wisam Al Hamadi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80384","url":null,"abstract":"Gummy smile which is commonly described as excessive gingival display in full smile has become a major esthetic concern for patients and healthcare providers in recent years. Because of the complex etiologic factors and severity of this orofacial deformity including skeletal, dentoalveolar, muscular, and gingival, it is essential that a differential diagnosis be established so that a relevant therapy can be selected from a wide range of treatment options. The complex etiologic factors of this dentofacial deformity necessitates coordina-tion between a team of health care providers, especially between orthodontist and maxil- lofacial surgeon, to improve diagnosis and treatment planning, accurately predict the outcome, and minimize orthosurgical complications. In this chapter, the author will pre- sent several clinical cases and briefly review available treatment modalities for excessive gingival display in full smile. Emphasis will be put on orthosurgical treatment of severe vertical maxillary excess as the optimal solution to restore facial balance and harmony, attractive smile, and patients ’ satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":137901,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Orthodontics","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131048107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}