Advances in Life Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Integrated Use of Lime and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea mays l.) at Nitisols of Burie Area, Northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"B. Kebede, Eyayu Molla Fetene, Yihenew Gebreselassie, H. Belay, T. Zeleke","doi":"10.7176/alst/88-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/88-03","url":null,"abstract":"Soil acidity coupled with soil nutrient depletion negatively affect the performance and yield of maize in the Amhara National Regional State Ethiopia. This study was carried out at Burie district in one cropping season to determine the effect of integrated use of lime and urea fertilizer rate on yield and yield components of Maize. The treatments include lime (0 and 0.5 t ha-1) and nitrogen (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg ha-1). The maize variety BH-661 was used as a test crop. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with ten treatments replicated three times. Yield and yield components of maize were collected and analyzed. The analysis of variance result revealed that, interaction effect of lime and N fertilizer reduced the tassling period (88 days in the application of 0.5 t ha-1 lime with 100 kg ha-1 N to 85 days in the application of 0.5 t ha-1 lime with 400 kg ha-1 N) and silking period from 91 days to 88 days. Grain yield was highly and positively correlated with AGDB (r=0.996) and HI (r=0.987). But GY was highly and negatively correlated with DT (r=0.957) and DS (r=-0.925). Grain yield of maize was positively and significantly correlated with yield components. The maximum AUE (3.76%) was recorded from T10 than T7 of (3.16%). Based on economic analysis the optimum rate of lime and N fertilizer was obtained 0.5 t ha-1 lime and 300 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer. So, combined application of 0.5 t ha-1 lime and 300 kg ha-1 Nitrogen is economically reasonable and recommended to the farmers.","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127975400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Quality Protein Maize Variety under Integrated Uses of Different Fertilizer Sources in Jimma, South Western Ethiopia","authors":"S. Gurmu","doi":"10.7176/alst/88-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/88-01","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on the combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers for maize are lacking at Jimma conditions. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of integrated uses of organic with inorganic fertilizers sources on productivity of quality protein maize (QPM) variety BHQPY545 at Kersa, Omonada woreda and Jimma on station, Southwestern Ethiopia during 2016 and 2017 main cropping seasons and one year validation at Omonada woreda. The experiment involved factorial combinations of inorganic and organic fertilizer with negative control, 150 kg ha -1 NPSZnB+140 kg ha -1 urea top dressed, recommended NP 2 O 5 (92/69 kg ha -1 ), 100% compost, 25% compost + 75% recommended NP, 50% compost + 50% recommended NP, 75% compost + 25% recommended NP and 100% compost + 100% recommended NP fertilizer which was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The compost was added based on N equivalency of recommended fertilizer rate. Data on yield and yield components of maize were subjected to ANOVA using SAS version 9.3. The over location and year highest grain yield (8443 kg ha -1 ) and above ground biomass (21.52 t ha -1 ) was obtained from 100% compost + 100% recommended NP fertilizer. Partial budget analysis revealed 100% compost + 100% recommended NP fertilizer realized the maximum net return (39,718 ETB) with marginal rate of return (94%). From farmers decision point and current on farm input availability and technical feasibility and economic analysis, 92/69 kg ha -1 N/P 2 0 5 fertilizer application taken as optimal fertilizer application and recommended for production of BHQPY545 in Jimma area and other similar humid agro-ecologies of southwestern Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123867054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Striga (Witchweed) Threats to Cereal Crops Production and Its Management: A Review","authors":"Nagassa Dechassa","doi":"10.7176/alst/88-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/88-02","url":null,"abstract":"Striga (witchweed) is one of the most successful parasitic weeds of cereal crops in Africa. It is ‘a poor farmer’s problem’ as there is a near perfect ecological overlap between areas of Striga infestation and where hunger prevails. It is originated in Semien hills of Ethiopia and the Nubian hills of Sudan and later expanded in about 42 African countries. Striga hermonthica, Striga asiatica, Striga gesnerioides, and Striga aspera constitute the greatest economic threat to cereal crops’ yield losses. They are obligate root parasites causing growth inhibition and yield losses of 20-100% in maize, rice, sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, sugar cane and cowpea. Cultural practices such as long-term rotational cultivation of cereal crops with legume crops unaffected by the parasite is effective in managing the weed. Besides, biological control by use of parasitic fungi ( Fusarium oxysporum and Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza) play a role in managing the weed. In addition, chemical control with imidazolinone herbicide, ethylene gas, dicamba and 2,4-D are effective in managing striga in cereal crops in extreme cases. Integrated use of striga resistant crop varieties with water conservation practices, soil fertility amendment and use of parasitic fungi ( Fusarium oxysporum and Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza) is effective in control, economically safe, socially acceptable and environmentally friendly than a single control measure. Therefore, the promising integrated striga management practices should be highly promoted. Moreover, host and Striga species specific integrated Striga management should be designed. Keywords: Haustoria; Obligate parasite; Root parasite; Strigolactones; Witchweed DOI: 10.7176/ALST/88-02 Publication date: July 31 st 2021","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123921383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effects of Postharvest Ultraviolet-Light Treatments on Antioxidants Properties, Nutritional and Vitamin D Contents of Some Indigenous Green Leafy Vegetables","authors":"T. Omolekan, A. Esan, C. Olaiya, Oluwasegun Joseph Anjorin, K. Aremu, H. Adeyemi","doi":"10.7176/alst/88-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/88-04","url":null,"abstract":"Ultraviolet lamps irradiation has been extensively used in water treatment, surface disinfection, and as a germicidal agent. Yet, activation of some essential reactions in fruits and vegetables occurs at low doses of irradiation, which in turn leads to an improvement of their shelf-life or bioactive compounds. In this study, postharvest effects of ultraviolet irradiation at different wavelengths were investigated on antioxidants properties, nutritional and vitamin D contents of six leafy vegetables. The six vegetables were each subjected to UV-A, B, and C lamps irradiation at wavelengths of 400, 315, and 230 nm respectively in irradiation chambers. The results revealed that ultraviolet irradiation increased the phenolic and flavonoid contents with a better-reducing power ability and antioxidant capacity in tested vegetables. More also, the essential amino acid contents were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased. In UV-A treatment, increased nutritional and antioxidant properties were significant (P ≤ 0.05) in M. oleifera leaf extract. On the other hand, a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in the level of vitamin D2 and D3 synthesis in the leaves of all the vegetables was observed under UV-B treatment. The results revealed that M. oleifera leaf responds more positively to ultraviolet irradiation than other treated vegetables. Therefore, this study shows that postharvest treatments with UV-A and B lamps may be a useful biological strategy for enhancing the antioxidant and nutritional quality of vegetables.","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126602483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Cutting Types for the Successful Regeneration of Two Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl) Rootstock Varieties","authors":"Getaneh Seleshi, Kidest Firde, Tajebe Mosie, Habtam Setu","doi":"10.7176/alst/85-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/85-04","url":null,"abstract":"This study was initiated to identify the best type of cutting for the successful regeneration of two plum rootstock varieties. Three stem cutting types (hardwood, semi-hardwood and softwood) were collected from two plum rootstock varieties (Mariana GF 8-1 and Myrobalan 29C) and have been evaluated for root, shoot and leaf traits. The result revealed that semi-hardwood cuttings of Myrobalan 29C received the earliest (15 days) sprouting while the number of shoots (3.13-3.98) and length (13.63 cm) were higher in Mariana GF 8-1. The highest sprouting (93.33-96.67%) were recorded from both hardwood and semi-hardwood cuttings of Mariana GF 8-1. Hardwood and softwood cuttings of Mariana GF 8-1 had also obtained better shoot fresh (12.89-13.26 g) and dry weight (2.67-3.33 g), respectively, while leaf number was higher (43.07) in the hardwood cuttings. The widest (2.34-2.51 cm) and longest (4.80-4.81) leaves were obtained from Myrobalan 29C cuttings of all types while the maximum number of roots (37.67), root grade (7.63) and root length (12.62 cm) were recorded from semi-hardwood and hardwood Myrobalan 29C cuttings, consecutively. The highest rooting percentage (100.00%) was observed in the semi-hardwood Mariana GF 8-1 cuttings. Hardwood and softwood Myrobalan 29C plus hardwood and semihardwood Mariana GF 8-1 cuttings had received statistically similar and highest roots fresh weights (14.11-14.33 g). However, hardwood Mariana GF 8-1 cuttings alone had recorded the maximum root dry weight (4.00 g). Overall, cutting type particularly hardwood cutting could be considered for successful regeneration of both varieties though Mariana GF 8-1 had succeeded Myrobalan 29C in most of the parameters.","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114633364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate Analysis of Malt Barley Genotypes for Different Malt Quality and Agronomic Traits in Ethiopia","authors":"Thomas Tsige, Holetta","doi":"10.7176/alst/85-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/85-03","url":null,"abstract":"Barley is one of the widely grown cereal crop in the highlands of Ethiopia. Twenty five malt barley genotypes were evaluated using a 5 × 5 simple lattice design at Holetta, Bekoji, Debreberhan and Kofele locations to group tested malt barley genotypes, to characterize traits that contribute to total variability and to determine genetic variability among malt barley genotypes. The tested genotypes showed significant variation for all eleven agronomic and malt quality traits considered in this experiment. The candidate genotype (IBON-HI 118/2016) showed relatively better malt quality and agronomic performance. The first three principal components (PCs) contributes 85% total variability. Days to heading, maturity and malt quality traits (protein, extract and friability), plant height and grain yield contribute chiefly for 50% percent variability explained by PC 1. Based on cluster analysis the tested genotypes grouped into three clusters (C) consisted of 15 (C-I), 8 (C-II) and 2 (C-III) genotypes. C-I contain genotypes which had relatively better grain yield. Whereas, C-II consists of barley genotypes with better malt qualities. Thus, crossing among genotypes from these two clusters could give better genetic recombination for important malt quality and agronomic traits. parent in the 2019 off-season crossing activity. This experiment was carried out at Holetta (9 o 00'N, 38 o 38'E), Bekoji (7 o 15'N, 39 o 15'E), Debreberhan (9 o 41'N,39 o 32'E) and Kofele (7 o 00'N, 38 o 45'E) sites during 2019 main cropping seasons. The genotypes were sown in ten-row plots each having 2.5m length and 2m width. In the experiment, eleven agronomic and malt quality traits were measured. These include days to 50 % heading, days to 50 % maturity, plant height (cm), scald severity (%), net blotch severity (%), thousand kernel weight (gm), hectoliter weight (Kghl -1 ), grain yield (Kgha -1 ), protein content (%), extract (%), and friability (%). Scald and net blotch disease severity recorded by visually estimating the percentage of leaf area diseased and rated using the Saari and Prescott (1975) scale. The malt quality traits were analyzed following Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) technique using Bruker Tango instrument at Holetta quality","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123163144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application of Biotechnology in Rice (Oryzae sativa) Quality Improvement","authors":"Mosissa Kajela","doi":"10.7176/alst/85-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/85-02","url":null,"abstract":"Cereals are one of the important foods and rice is important cereal grain and one of the most consumed staple foods around the world next to wheat. From the importance this crop provides nutritional, food security, economic and cultural importance is the major ones in the world. Rice is an autogamous plant propagating through seeds produced by self-pollination and also propagated by asexual propagation especially to generate transgenic crops by using tissue /cell culture techniques. Rice is a diverse crop that grows in different ecosystems. The Green Revolution saved millions of people with additional food but could not prevent hunger and poverty because of certain limitations and inadequate management available to take full advantage of the Green Revolution. Current gene revolution should provide wide scope for the application of biotechnology across ecosystems and crop barriers. Biotech rice has been developed using tissue culture, genetic engineering and molecular marker to address concerns that focus on the profitability of rice farming such as pest and disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance and value-adding rice through nutritional improvement. In addition, basic studies to increase rice yield are underway including the incorporation of genes in the C4 pathway, a more efficient converter of light energy and carbon dioxide into food assimilates. Moreover, basic research on rice production of cloned seed has been started and promising results are being generated. This will considerably reduce the cost of production of hybrid rice, an important breeding strategy in rice production. O2 inhibition of photosynthesis and photosynthetic rates comparable to those of untransformed plants.","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133738803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptability Study of Improved Sesame (Sesamumindicum L.) Varieties at Harari Region","authors":"Habte Berhanu, Adugna Hunduma Motuma, Dalasa Hailu Mekuria","doi":"10.7176/alst/85-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/85-01","url":null,"abstract":"Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop in the tropics and subtropics. Field trials were conducted during the main rainy seasons of 2017, and 2019 at Harari regional state of Kile kebele with the objective to study the adaptability of released sesame varieties. Twelve improved varieties of sesame including standard check (Obsa) were used as planting materials. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that significant variation was observed among the varieties for days to flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, plant height and grain yield. Accordingly, Chalasa, Srinka-2 Srinka-1and Hirhir varieties found to be best performing varieties among the test varieties and hence were recommended for further demonstration and scaling up in the study area and similar agro-ecologies.","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133818344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Food Barley Genotypes for Grain Yield and Agronomic Traits in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"T. Shiferaw, Thomas Tsige, Adane Chofere, Shimles Gezahegn, K. Taye, Wami Hailu, B. Lakew","doi":"10.7176/alst/84-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/84-02","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of promising food barley genotypes for grain yield and yield related traits. The trial was conducted in 2017 and 2018 main cropping season using randomized complete block design with three replications. Variance analysis and GGE biplot were used to understand the nature of genotype × environment interaction (G × E) in a grain yield data collected from eighteen barley genotypes grown in eight environments (Location and year combinations). The combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significantly higher genotype, environment and genotype by environment interaction effects for all the traits studied. Accordingly, genotypes EH1493 X HB1307 (G10) and HB 1307 X ND25160 (G2) showed the highest mean grain yield of 4558 kg ha -1 and 4499 kgha -1 , respectively. GGE biplot showed that G10 was the winner genotype at BK18, DB18 and HO18 environments and it has good grain yield stability across the testing environments. Therefore, G10 is a potential candidate variety to be included in the variety verification trial for possible release.","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121021499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Yield Performances of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) to Intercropping Practices: A Review","authors":"Dejene Tadesse Banjaw","doi":"10.7176/alst/84-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/84-01","url":null,"abstract":"Roselle is one of the medicinal plants in the world. Roselle production practice varies from one region to the other and according to the varieties and purpose of production. Hence, in order to enhance production and productivity of Roselle, growers have to be aware of the production possibilities. A world wide Roselle production possibility under intercropping practices has been reviewed for further dissemination of the information. Over all, attention should be given to selection of appropriate Roselle variety and component crop, as well as their temporal and spatial arrangements in intercropping system.","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"261 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121223258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}