Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh最新文献

{"title":"ROLE OF ULTRASOUND-GUIDED HYDROSTATIC REDUCTION OF INTUSSUSCEPTION IN CHILDREN WITH EARLY PRESENTATION","authors":"S. Hossain, A. Huq, J. Hannan, K. Hasina, Rn Sarker","doi":"10.3329/JPSB.V3I2.23914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/JPSB.V3I2.23914","url":null,"abstract":"General objective: To study the efficacy of Ultrasoundguided hydrostatic reduction of intussusception in children with early presentation. Methods: The study group included children aged 03 months to 02 years with early case of intussusception confirmed on ultrasonography. One litre of normal saline bag was suspended at 100 cm height from the patient’s level. After connecting the saline bag with Foley’s catheter introduced in the rectum, gradual distension of colon and retrograde movement of intussusceptum towards the caecum monitored by real time ultrasound.Successful reduction was assumed once mass was disappeared and passage of saline into the small intestine. If 1 st attempt failed but there is some movement of the mass was present and child had no abdominal signs, 2 nd and 3 rd attempts were taken at least 30 min interval. Result: The overall success rate of US-guided hydrostatic reduction of intussusception in children with early presentation was about 90%, with no immediate recurrence and no perforation. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided hydrostatic reduction should be the first line of the treatment in patients with early presentation of intussusceptions aged between 3 months and 2 years old. In cases with failed initial reduction, a second or even third attempt may provide successful reduction. J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 3 (2): 61-64, 2012 (July)","PeriodicalId":137868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124890304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"S. Begum, Romena Afroz, Q. Khanam, A. Khanom, T. Choudhury","doi":"10.3329/JPSB.V5I1.23887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/JPSB.V5I1.23887","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM), also known as simply diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Worldwide in 2012 and 2013 diabetes resulted in 1.5 to 5.1 million deaths per year, making it the 8th leading cause of death. Diabetes overall at least doubles the risk of death. This high blood sugar produces the symptoms of frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. Untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Serious long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, foot ulcers and damage to the eyes. The number of people with diabetes is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035. The economic costs of diabetes globally were estimated in 2013 at $548 billion and in the United States in 2012 $245 billion. [3]Globally, as of 2013, an estimated 382 million people have diabetes worldwide, with type 2 diabetes making up about 90% of the cases. This is equal to 8.3% of the adults’ population, with equal rates in both women and men. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus: In case of type 1 Diabetes mellitus, results from the body’s failure to produce enough insulin. This form was previously referred to as “insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus” (IDDM) or “juvenile diabetes”. The cause is unknown. Another type is type 2 diabetes mellitus begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. As the disease progresses a lack of insulin may also develop. This form was previously referred to as “non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus” (NIDDM) or “adult-onset diabetes”. The primary cause is excessive body weight and not enough exercise. Gestational diabetes is the third main form and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop a high blood glucose level. Gestational diabetes usually resolves after the birth of the baby. It occurs in about 2–10% of all pregnancies and may improve or disappear after delivery. However, after pregnancy approximately 5–10% of women with gestational diabetes are found to have diabetes mellitus, most commonly type 2. Gestational diabetes is fully treatable, but requires careful medical supervision throughout the pregnancy. J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 5 (1): 30-35, 2014 (January)","PeriodicalId":137868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126299885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIAGNOSIS OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF KIDNEY AND URETER BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY","authors":"Fathima Nusrath Halim, M. A. Sarker, Farah Nazlee, N. Islam","doi":"10.3329/JPSB.V5I1.23882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/JPSB.V5I1.23882","url":null,"abstract":"Present study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal ultrasonography in correlation with IVU in suspected patients of Congenital anomalies of kidney and Ureter. In study, ultrasonography and IVU was done in 50 clinically suspected patients of congenital anomalies of kidney that was admitted in BSMMU, BIRDEM & DMCH during the period of July 2008 to May 2009. Patients of all ages and both sexes were included. Findings of USG and IVU were correlated. Sonographically abnormalities were diagnosed in 46 (92%) cases, out of which 45 (95.7%) also diagnosed by IVU and 1 (33.3) was normal in IVU. Out of 4 (8%) Sonographically demonstrated normal cases, 2 (4.3%) were proved normal by IVU and 2 (66.7%) cases which missed by sonography were diagnosed by IVU. Sensitivity of ultrasonography in diagnosing congenital kidney disease was 95.7% and specificity was 66.7%, positive predictive value was 97.8%, negative predictive value was 50.0% and accuracy was 94.0%. So, we conclude that ultrasonography has significant sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy in diagnosis of congenital kidney anomalies correlating with IVU. As such, USG can be considered as an appropriate imaging tool for diagnosis of congenital anomalies of kidney. J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 5 (1): 8-11, 2014 (January)","PeriodicalId":137868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134264981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study between intralesional Dexamethasone and oral Prednisolone in the treatment of Infantile Hemangioma","authors":"T. A. Chowdhury, A. Bhuiyan, Mohammed Hakim","doi":"10.3329/JPSB.V5I1.23884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/JPSB.V5I1.23884","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Infantile Hemangioma (IH) is one of the most common childhood neoplasm. Current treatments for children with endangering Infantile Hemangioma are limited, and include primarily oral corticosteroid which has many systemic adverse effects. Furthermore, approximately one third of IH does not respond to oral steroids, prompting active investigations for new treatments. Objective: To compare the efficacy, side effects, and influencing factors of oral Prednisolone and intralesional Dexamethasone (IL) in treatment of IH and thus to find out an effective, cheap and safe modality of treatment for this anomaly. Materials and Methods : This study was carried out on 48 patients of IH with the age range from 1 day to 12 years. Group A (n 1 =26) patients were treated by oral Prednisolone and group B (n 2 =22) patients were treated by IL Dexamethasone .Periorbital Hemangioma and IH >54 cubic centimeter were excluded. Therapeutic response of Prednisolone and Dexamethasone was graded as excellent, good, poor and no response. We monitored volume of the lesion and its color change to evaluate the response to treatment. Results: Overall therapeutic responses were 69.2% in Group A and 68.2% in group B. Side effects were noted in 65.4% patient of group A and 36.4% patient of group B. In group A, the commonest (38.5%) side effect was excessive weight gain with cushingoid facies and in group B, commonest (27.3%) side effect was ulceration at injection site. Side effects were more in children of group A. Range of treatment was 4-20 weeks in group A and in group B, it was 4-24 weeks. Conclusion : IL Dexamethasone is effective as oral Prednisolone for treatment of IH .Unlike Prednisolone, IL Dexamethasone is devoid of systemic side effects. J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 5 (1): 12-19, 2014 (January)","PeriodicalId":137868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130728550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Laparoscopic Surgery: Four Years Experience in Dhaka Medical College Hospital","authors":"Tahmina Hossain, A. Huq","doi":"10.3329/JPSB.V4I1.23929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/JPSB.V4I1.23929","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Laparoscopy is gaining popularity over laparotomy in various surgical conditions. Now a day, an increasing number of diagnostic and therapeutic surgical procedures are being done laparoscopically. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of laparoscopy in children. Materials and Methods : This retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Pediatric Surgery of Dhaka Medical College Hospital over a period of 52 (Fifty two) months from June 2009 to August 2013. A total of 123 patients were operated laparoscopically up to 12 years of age for different surgical conditions. Data was collected from the hospital records and analyzed retrospectively. Results: Out of these 123 laparoscopically performed cases, Appendectomy was performed in 39 cases, closure of internal inguinal ring for Inguinal Hernia was done in 36 patients, 20 patients underwent Cholecystctomy, 16 patients had laparoscopic procedures for impalpable Undescended Testis (UDT), 5 patients were operated for Adnexal Mass of which one case was converted into open procedure due to technical difficulties and 1 for Pancreatic Pseudo cyst. Diagnostic Laparoscopy was performed for 2 patients with Biliary Atresia and 4 patients for Ambiguous Genitalia. Median age of the patients was 6.08 years (ranging from 2 months to 12 years of age). The length of post operative hospital stay was 2-3 days. All the laparoscopic procedures for Inguinal Hernia and impalpable UDT were performed as day care surgery. Operative and post operative complications were minimal. Other advantages of the laparoscopic procedures were smaller incisions, incidental diagnosis of other associated pathology, lesser post operative pain, earlier oral feeding, quicker mobilization and a better cosmetic result. Conclusion: With the recent development of laparoscopic surgical techniques and equipments, laparoscopic surgical procedures are becoming popular day by day and can be performed safely for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in pediatric surgical patients. J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 4 (1): 11-18, 2013 (January)","PeriodicalId":137868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130421696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate Outcome of Neonate With Pneumothorax","authors":"M. Begum, Z. Haque, Mahmuda Hassan, A. Mannan, N. Jahan","doi":"10.3329/JPSB.V5I1.23880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/JPSB.V5I1.23880","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : To determine the outcome of pneumothorax in term and post term neonates. Study Design : Neonates presented with respiratory distress and diagnosed pneumothorax by X-ray at the time of admission or during the course of hospital stay were included in this study. Results: Total 49 cases were included for the study, among them 29(59.18%)were male and 20(40.82%) female, 42(85%)babies cured and 7(15%)expired. Thirty-five (71.46%) delivered by LUCS, 14(28.57%) by NVD. Pneumothorax associated with maternal risk factors like UTI 10(21.2%), PROM 5(10.2%), GDM 2(4.2%)cases, PIH 1(2.0%), PET 1(2%), were observed. No maternal risk factor has been identified in 25(51%)cases and 4(8.1%)cases due to other reason. Nineteen neonates (38.77%) with meconium aspiration syndrome, 14(28.57%) required PPV, 10(20.40%) with pneumonia 2(4.08%) with congenital heart disease, 2(4.08%) with TTN, pneumothorax 2(4.02%). Total 40(81.63%) cases were in patient, only 3(7.5%) of them died, 9(18.36%) babies were out patient among them 4(8.16%) died, (P value Â0.001). Significant death were seen among those who admitted after 24 hours of age, 3 out of 6 cases). Four (8.16) out of 36(73.4%)expired who admitted before 24 hours of age, (P value  0.001.) Pneumothorax were managed by nitrogen wash out 29(59.18%), 5(10.20%) needle aspiration with high flow oxygen, 5(10.20%)needed needle aspiration, chest tube with high flow oxygen. Ten (20.40%)babies needed needling, chest tube drainage with ventilator, among them 6(12.24%)expired and 4 survived. No death were observed among the neonates who were managed with high flow oxygen. Conclusions: High index of suspicion, prompt diagnosis by cold light and urgent portable X-ray and immediate intervention is needed for life saving and better outcome J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 5 (1): 3-7, 2014 (January)","PeriodicalId":137868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121765617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaboration in Pediatric Surgical Training & Education among Asian Countries & Beyond Bangladesh perspective","authors":"Abdul Hanif Tablu","doi":"10.3329/JPSB.V3I2.23912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/JPSB.V3I2.23912","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries & while still a developing economy, has significant improvements in health and social development. Per capita income was only US $ 78 in 1972-just after independence which is now reached US$ 1044 and Bangladesh is now going to enter into middle income country! Though agriculture, garments industry & remittance have played a major role in economy it has been at the forefront of several advances in development and health. Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) was developed and popularized in Bangladesh. It has been credited with saving 40 million lives worldwide. Bangladesh is on the right track in achieving millennium development goals & due to reduction of under five mortality rate Hon’ble Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has received MDG 4 award from the United Nations in 2010. The micro-credit movement pioneered by Grameen Bank and Nobel laureate Professor Yunus is now a global phenomenon and also directly resulted in improvement of health care at the grass-root level.","PeriodicalId":137868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124637471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of multiple micronutrients (MMN) on ovulation inductionin subfertile women with PCOS","authors":"J. Banu, F. Deeba, P. Sultana, A. Chowdhury, A. Khan","doi":"10.3329/JPSB.V4I2.23938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/JPSB.V4I2.23938","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: PCOS is a very common disorder of reproductive women characterized by hyperandrogenism and chronic auovulation. The beneficial effects on micronutrients supplements may have been mediated not only through the presence of multiple vitamin & minerals and multiple antioxidant such as vitamin C and vitamin E. It also mediated insulin sensitization with inositol and improvement of the blood flow in the pelvic organ with the presence of L-arginine. Multiple micronutrients supplementation is a cost effective remedy that is well tolerated with no adverse effects. Its use as an adjuvant in fertility treatment may benefit women pre conceptionaly. Objective: The aims of this study was to investigate the effects of MMN in subfertile women with PCOS.And also to demonstrate that MMN is act as adjuvant therapy to a standard ovulation induction regimen. And to identify ovulation rate and pregnancy rate. Materials and methods: This is a prospective randomized control trial. In this study total 100 patients between the age of 20-40 years were taken from infertility OPD, BSMMU and in private sector, Baridhara, Dhaka, during the period from July 2011 to June 2012.Among 100 patients 50 infertile patients undergoing ovulation induction for 3 months were allocated to receive adjuvant MMN treated as group A. 50 infertile patient undergoing ovulation induction were not allocated to receive adjuvant treated as group B. Results : Clinical pregnancy rate are assessed after third cycle or as soon as the women achieved pregnancy. There was no significant differences in age, menstrual history, BMI (kg/m2) in both groups. This difference was statistically significant p 9mm in 31 patients and less than 9mm in 11 patients with case group compared with the control group >9mm 11 patient and <9mm in 17 patients which is statistically significant p value <0.05. There was no significant difference in progesterone in both groups. There were 22 of 50 patient conceived during the study 2 miscarriage in first trimester in group A and 6 of 50 are conceived in group B and 2 miscarriage in 1 st trimester. There was significant difference pregnancy rate p <0.001. Discussion: Our study is to demonstrate that multiple micronutrients supplementation is adjuvant therapy to a standard ovulation induction regimen in women undergoing treatment for anovulatory PCOS patients. The effect of this adjuvant therapy is improved the ovulation and pregnancy rate. Women who take adjuvant micronutrients supplementation during ovulation induction have a higher chance of pregnancy compared with women without micronutrients supplementation. Conclusions: Women who take adjuvant micronutrients supplementation during ovulation induction have a higher chance of pregnancy compared with women without micronutrients supplementation. J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 4 (2): 50-53, 2013 (July)","PeriodicalId":137868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117040229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Preoperative Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Wilms’ Tumor","authors":"K. Hasina, K. Hassan, A. Hanif, A. Khan, Muh. Syaiful Islam","doi":"10.3329/JPSB.V3I2.23913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/JPSB.V3I2.23913","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The management of Wilms’ tumor still remains a matter of great challenge to pediatric surgeons and also to pediatric oncologists. The tumor continues to be the subject of intensive investigations that with the aid of co-operative protocols by the National Wilms’ Tumor Study (NWTS) have resulted in marked improvement in survival. Surgical excision remains the cornerstone of treatment of Wilms’ tumor; however the dramatic improvement in overall survival is the result of coordinated use of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study, started in September, 1999 and completed in November, 2000 in Pediatric Surgery department of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. Preoperative chemotherapy was given to all the patients of advanced Wilms’ tumor for four weeks with vincristine and actinomycin D according to the Societe Internationale d’ Oncologie Pediatrique (SIOP) protocol (Herdrich K, 1982). The patients were followed up every 2 weekly by ultrasonography, LFT, Hb% and chest X-ray for one month. The size of the tumor as well as the metastatic lesions in the prechemotherapeutic and postchemotherapeutic ultrasonographic findings was compared after one month. Results: After giving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the size of the tumor was reduced in 08 patients and it was measured by USG after one month. The change in the metastatic lesions was also compared by USG at the same time. Two patients died during the course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and nephroureterectomy was done in 08 patients. All the resected specimens were sent for histopathology. The reports revealed features of Wilms’ tumor with favorable histology (FH) in 07 cases and unfavorable histology (UH) in 01 case. Conclusion: It is evident from this study that advanced stage of Wilms’ tumor, where operative treatment was not primarily possible, preoperative chemotherapy downsized the tumor significantly. It is then possible to perform nephroureterectomy. J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 3 (2): 56-60, 2012 (July)","PeriodicalId":137868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115461516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birth Defect: An Over view","authors":"N. Begum, S. Mahmood, P. S. Nahar, S. Islam, B. S. Naher, A. Huq","doi":"10.3329/JPSB.V4I2.23940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/JPSB.V4I2.23940","url":null,"abstract":"Birth defects are a leading cause of infant death, accounting for more than 1 of every 5 infant deaths. Every year more than 8.14 million children are born with a serious birth defect, due to genetic or environmental causes. In the low and middle income countries the burden of birth defects is much higher than in highincome countries. Birth defects may be due to chromosomal, single-gene or multifactorial causes. Environmental factors are responsible for 5–10% of total birth defects, and include nutritional deficiencies, infectious diseases, maternal medical conditions, teratogenic medications, alcohol, recreational drugs, and teratogenic pollutants. Birth defects can be diagnosed during pregnancy or after the baby is born, depending on the specific type of birth defect. Of course, many birth defects cannot be prevented; this is especially true of defects that have a genetic component. However, ultrasonography and maternal serum screening can be used to detect serious foetal anomalies, including neural tube defects and chromosomal disorders. Early detection and treatment of birth defects can help prevent stillbirth or physical and intellectual disabilities. J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 4 (2): 58-66, 2013 (July)","PeriodicalId":137868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127297647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}