International Journal of Advanced Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Debye temperature of CaO under high pressure up to 65.2 GPa","authors":"N. Bioud","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v11i1.32228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v11i1.32228","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work we used the experimental relative volume unit cell and the elastic stiffness constants measured by Speziale et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, (2006), pp. B02203 (12 pages)) using the Radial X-Ray Diffraction at high pressure from 5.6 up to 65.2 GPa to investigate the effect of high pressure on the bulk modulus, aggregate shear modulus, elastic wave velocities and Debye temperature of calcium oxide (CaO) ceramic material in cubic rock-salt (B1) phase. Our obtained values show that the bulk modulus increases monotonously with increasing pressure, while the aggregate shear modulus, the mean elastic wave velocity and the Debye temperature of CaO material varied non-linearly and non-monotonously with increasing pressure from 5.6 up to 65.2 GPa.","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90677130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the inverse piezoelectric effect of synchrotron light source imaging of electrical stimulation on the fate of nano stem cells and its role and application in regenerative medicine and cancer treatment","authors":"Alireza Heidari, Zahra Torfeh, Sophia Iorgulescu, Olivia Robinson, Lin Hu, Charlotte Vauclin, Ntalie Schiltz, Scarlett Sondermann, Lucy MacLennan, Julia Smith, Lydia Williamson","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32210","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of electrical activity in body organs such as the nervous system, heart and bones has caused one of the most widely used treatment methods called electrotherapy to be widely used, especially in the relief of underlying pain. On the other hand, the progress of medical science in the field of nano stem cells and regenerative medicine has created many promises in treatment. Also, recently, treatments based on electric field have been widely used in cancer treatment. The main issues in regenerative medicine are the proliferation of nano stem cells to the required extent and directing them towards the differentiation of the target tissue. Electric field (EF) stimulation can play an important role in creating appropriate nano stem cell responses and directing nano stem cell differentiation towards osteogenesis/neuronogenesis/cardiomyogenesis. The electric field with nanosecond pulse as well as the electric field for tumor therapy have attracted a lot of attention for the treatment of cancer. Major signaling pathways and cellular responses elicited by electrical stimulation include reactive oxygen species and heat shock proteins, fluctuations in intracellular calcium ion concentration, ATP production, clustering or reaggregation of cell surface receptors., reconstruction of the cytoskeleton that affect the fate of the nano stem cell. Also, the lack of pain, ease and reasonable price have made cancer treatment with electric field more and more popular. In this research, an attempt has been made to briefly review the effects of electrical signals on the behavior of nano stem cells, as well as examples of their therapeutic effects in the treatment of tissue lesions and cancer.\u0000Schematic of the inverse piezoelectric effect of synchrotron light source imaging of electrical stimulation on the fate of nano stem cells and its role and application in regenerative medicine and cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91498064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in combinatorial cancer prevention, prognosis, diagnosis, imaging, screening, treatment and management via multi–functionalized ruthenium (IV) oxide (RuO2) and ruthenium (VIII) oxide (RuO4) nanoparticles under synchrotron and synchrocyc","authors":"Alireza Heidari, Margaret Hotz, Nancy MacDonald, Victoria Peterson, Angela Caissutti, E. Besana, J. Esposito, Katrin E. Schmitt, Ling-Yu Chan, Francesca Sherwood, M. Henderson, Jimmy Kimmel","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32225","url":null,"abstract":"In the current research, recent advances in combinatorial cancer prevention, prognosis, diagnosis, imaging, screening, treatment and management via multi–functionalized Ruthenium (IV) Oxide (RuO₂) and Ruthenium (VIII) Oxide (RuO4) nanoparticles under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations is investigated. The calculation of thickness and optical constants of Ruthenium (IV) Oxide (RuO₂) and Ruthenium (VIII) Oxide (RuO4) recent advances in combinatorial cancer prevention, prognosis, diagnosis, imaging, screening, treatment and management via multi–functionalized Ruthenium (IV) Oxide (RuO₂) and Ruthenium (VIII) Oxide (RuO4) nanoparticles under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations produced using sol–gel method over glassy medium through a single reflection spectrum is presented. To obtain an appropriate fit for reflection spectrum, the classic Drude–Lorentz model for parametric di–electric function is used. The best fitting parameters are determined to simulate the reflection spectrum using Lovenberg–Marquardt optimization method. The simulated reflectivity from the derived optical constants and thickness are in good agreement with experimental results. \u0000Recent advances in combinatorial cancer prevention, prognosis, diagnosis, imaging, screening, treatment and management via multi–functionalized Ruthenium (IV) Oxide (RuO₂) and Ruthenium (VIII) Oxide (RuO4) nanoparticles under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77517054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in research on rhodium (III) oxide or rhodium sesquioxide (Rh2O3) and rhodium (IV) oxide (RhO2) nanoparticles in cancer prevention, prognosis, diagnosis, imaging, screening, treatment and management under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron rad","authors":"Alireza Heidari, Margaret Hotz, Nancy MacDonald, Victoria Peterson, Angela Caissutti, E. Besana, J. Esposito, Katrin E. Schmitt, Ling-Yu Chan, Francesca Sherwood, M. Henderson, Jimmy Kimmel","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32226","url":null,"abstract":"In the current research, progress in research on Rhodium (III) Oxide or Rhodium Sesquioxide (Rh2O3) and Rhodium (IV) Oxide (RhO2) nanoparticles in cancer prevention, prognosis, diagnosis, imaging, screening, treatment and management under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations. is investigated. The calculation of thickness and optical constants of Rhodium (III) Oxide or Rhodium Sesquioxide (Rh2O3) and Rhodium (IV) Oxide (RhO2) progress in research on Rhodium (III) Oxide or Rhodium Sesquioxide (Rh2O3) and Rhodium (IV) Oxide (RhO2) nanoparticles in cancer prevention, prognosis, diagnosis, imaging, screening, treatment and management under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations produced using sol–gel method over glassy medium through a single reflection spectrum is presented. To obtain an appropriate fit for reflection spectrum, the classic Drude–Lorentz model for parametric di–electric function is used. The best fitting parameters are determined to simulate the reflection spectrum using Lovenberg–Marquardt optimization method. The simulated reflectivity from the derived optical constants and thickness are in good agreement with experimental results. \u0000Progress in research on Rhodium (III) Oxide or Rhodium Sesquioxide (Rh2O3) and Rhodium (IV) Oxide (RhO2) nanoparticles in cancer prevention, prognosis, diagnosis, imaging, screening, treatment and management under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations.","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91355454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bulk modulus of CaO under high pressure up to 65 GPa","authors":"S. Daoud, H. Rekab-Djabri","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32191","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study we used some equilibrium experimental data reported by Mammon et al. (Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 140-142) to investigate the effect of high pressure up to 65 GPa on the bulk modulus of calcium oxide (CaO) material. We used the Vinet’s equation of state (EOS) model. The fit of the bulk modulus as a function of pressure p obeys the 2nd order polynomial expression: B = 115.37 + 3.84 p - 7.25 x 10-3 p2 (where both B and p are expressed in GPa). Our results are analyzed and compared with other theoretical data of the literature. Similar behavior for the bulk modulus versus pressure was observed for some other materials with different crystallographic structures from the literature, which commonly increases with increasing pressure.\u0000We estimate also the Debye temperature θD of our material of interest using the experiential lattice parameter and elastic constants measured at normal conditions by Speziale et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, (2006), pp. B02203 (12 pages)). Our obtained value (670.1 K) is in good agreement with other data of the literature.","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78906651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of heavy metals and essential minerals in water, soil and edible plant samples from the vicinity of ankpa coal mine, kogi state","authors":"Nimatu Zubairu, Y. Mohammed, O. Babatunde, J. Salawu","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32164","url":null,"abstract":"This research work determined the physicochemical properties (pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and total suspended solids) of water, heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) and essential minerals ( P, Ca, K, Mg and Na) in water, plant and soil samples collected from the vicinity of Ankpa Coal mine, Kogi State. The heavy metals were analyzed using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer machine and the essential minerals analyzed using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer machine. Results obtained for physical parameters of water are within the ranges; pH (4.51-6.91), temperature (19.8-26.5˚C), electrical conductivity (110-210 µs/cm), TDS (7.0-13 mg/l) and TSS (0-1.5 mg/l). The heavy metals concentration in water are as follows; Cd (ND), Pb (0.001-0.077 mg/l), Cr (0.028-3.459 mg/l), Cu (0.09-0.057 mg/l) and Zn (0.050-0.161 mg/l). In plants, Cd (ND), Pb (0.043-0.096 mg/kg), Cr (0.138-0.325 mg/kg), Cu (0.139-0.153 mg/kg) and Zn (0.150-0.510 mg/kg). In soils, Cd (ND), Pb (0.127-0.664 mg/kg), Cr (1.206-4.718 mg/kg), Cu (0.155-0.934 mg/kg) and Zn (0.00-0.400 mg/kg). Results obtained for essential minerals ranged as follows; In water, P (0.19-43.31 mg/l), Ca (5.75-158.63 mg/l), K (5.04-32.28 mg/l), Mg (1.98-11.34 mg/l) and Na (10.70-28.29 mg/l). In plants, P (15.12-23.90 mg/kg), Ca (30.13-144.44 mg/kg), K (64.10-119.06 mg/kg), Mg (10.38-25.69 mg/kg) and Na (0.94-3.55 mg/kg). In soil, P (180.01-1879.51 mg/kg), Ca (11.61-85.18 mg/kg), K (3.02-114.98 mg/kg), Mg (2.59-14.05 mg/kg) and Na (8.24-15.03 mg/kg). The results were compared with the maximum permissible limit (MPL) set by World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and recommended dietary intake set by Food and Nutrition Board (FNB). The physicochemical parameters were all within WHO maximum permissible limit for drinking water. Lead and Cr exceeded the MPL set for drinking water, all heavy metals were within set limit for plants. Lead, Cu and Chromium exceeded the MPL set for soil. The essential minerals in all samples were compared to recommended dietary intake (RDI). Correlation analysis was done using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. In plants Zn correlated positively with Ca (0.9298), K (0.7860) and Mg (0.9967) and in soil samples Cu correlated positively with P (0.8212), K (0.8191) and Na (0.8658), Cr correlated positively with P (0.9911), K (0.9915) and Na (0.8363) and Lead correlated positively with P (0.9734), K (0.9905) and Na (0.7948). It can be inferred from this result that Ankpa coal mine has negatively impacted its vicinity.","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77771482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of furfural production from hemicellulose of citrullus colocynthis (melon) seed husk using response surface methodology (RSM)","authors":"Umar Abba Aji, C. Muhammad, Abdullahi Muhammad Sokoto, S. Umar, Mustapha Lawan Kar, Muhammad Nurudee Almustapha","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32162","url":null,"abstract":"Global population explosion has led to an increase in demand for chemicals and fuels. Consequently this is accompanied by energy security and environmental challenges such as GHGs emissions. Hence, the need for alternative sources of chemicals from greener sources cannot be overemphasized. Furfural was produced from hemicellulose of citrullus colocynthis (Melon) seed husk (MSH) which involves the simultaneous steps of acid catalyzed hydrolysis/dehydration of the (MSH). A response surface methodology (RSM) was used for furfural production and optimization using MINITAB 17statistical software. Results obtained from RSM for furfural production were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). A furfural with optimum yield of 75.03% was achieved via degradation of hemicellulose fraction of the MSH at optimized variable conditions of Temperature (220 °C), Acid Concentration (10% H2SO4), and Reaction Time (55 minutes). FT-IR spectrum of the produced furfural showed absorption at 1670cm-1 and 2800cm-1 indicating a conjugated carbonyl functional group and aldehydic hydrogen. The result revealed that the utilization of MSH in furfural production may serve as a viable solution of disposing this agricultural wastes and may address environmental problems associated with fossil fuels when the produced furfural used as a feedstock in industries for biofuels and fine chemicals production.","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91520847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of nanochitosan and chitosan encapsulated zinc oxide nanoparticles against bacteria and fungus","authors":"Sivanthaperumal ., Thaminum Ansari","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32121","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Nanochitosan and chitosan encapsulated Zinc oxide nanoparticles have gained tremendous attention related to their unique properties such as exhibit antimicrobial properties. On that account, synthesis of nanochitosan and chitosan encapsulated zinc oxide nanoparticles by ionotropic gelation method have fascinating properties such as eco-friendly, biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, nontoxicity and polycationic nature. Impact of nanochitosan and chitosan encapsulated zinc oxide nanoparticles on biological functions depends on its morphology, particle size, exposure time, concentration, pH, and biocompatibility. They are more effective against microorganisms such as, namely Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this paper, synthesis of nanochitosan, chitosan encapsulated zinc oxide and compare their potential applications as an antimicrobial agents were discussed. The nanochitosan and chitosan encapsulated zinc oxide nanoparticles have been characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were also examined.  ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87466053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of some macro & micro elements in milk samples from Abuja, Nigeria using microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES) and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS) methods","authors":"Salawu S.J, Faruruwa M.D, Mohammed Y, A. S.","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32115","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative study was carried out for the determination of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc contents in two brands of powdered milk samples, using the Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MP-AES) and Flame Atomic Absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS) methods. The powdered milk samples were collected and placed in a muffle furnace at 550°C for 6 hours, and the ash contents obtained was used for the sample preparation. The percentage recoveries for the spikes were as follows: for MP-AES determination; the recoveries for the milk samples were within the range (116.9 – 163.1%) for calcium; (51.8 – 78.8%) for magnesium; (110.9 – 125.4%) for iron; (90.7 – 92.9%) for zinc. For FAAS determination; the recoveries for the milk samples were within the range (51.1 – 83.6%) for calcium; (52.2 – 61.9%) for magnesium; (77.7 – 84.8%) for iron; (46.5 – 71.7%) for zinc. The percentage recoveries showed a better recovery with MP-AES than the F-AAS method. The analysis of variance conducted using One way ANOVA method shows that there is no significant difference between the two methods used for the analysis, as the P-values (calculated probability) obtained were higher than 0.05. The values obtained for Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn content shows that only Ca was found to be within WHO/FAO standard, while Mg, Fe and Zn were found to be below the WHO/FAO standard. It is highly recommended that a 100g of any of the powdered milk used for the research work be consumed per day in order to meet up with the RDA per day, or other sources of these elements to be considered. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91432164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on ion selectivity of parchment impregnated Ba(II) molybdate artificial membrane","authors":"Afren Ansari, A. K. Shukla, Mohd. Ayub Ansari","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v10i2.32134","url":null,"abstract":"Parchment impregnated Ba(II) molybdate artificial membrane was prepared by the ion-interaction method using BaCl2 and Na2MoO4 solutions. The prepared membrane was characterized by sophisticated instrumental techniques such as Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/Differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The artificial membrane was tested for its antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) microorganism. The effective fixed charge density of the prepared membrane has been used individually to calculate theoretical bi-ionic potentials (BIP) and compared with experimentally determined values of bi-ionic potential. The selectivity of ions for the membrane has been found as K+>Na+>Li+ which on the basis of the Eisenman-Sherry model of membrane selectivity, points towards the low field strength of the charge groups joined to the membrane matrix. Membrane conductance values has also been experimentally determined.  ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86349646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}