Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material最新文献

Contribution of Environmental Constituents in the Genomic Disruption of Cytokeratins 环境成分在细胞角蛋白基因组破坏中的作用

Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96877

Vishnu Sharma, Tarun Kr. Kumawat, G. Sharma, R. Garg, M. Biyani

引用次数: 1

Studies on Basic Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, Chromosomal Association and Configuration and Meiotic Behavior in Mulberry (Morus Spp.) 桑树基本染色体数目、倍性水平、染色体关联与构型及减数分裂行为的研究

Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.97143

Koluru Honnegowda Venkatesh

{"title":"Studies on Basic Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, Chromosomal Association and Configuration and Meiotic Behavior in Mulberry (Morus Spp.)","authors":"Koluru Honnegowda Venkatesh","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.97143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.97143","url":null,"abstract":"Mulberry leaves are primary food for silkworm, Bombyx mori L. to feed silkworms and harvest quality silk cocoons. Mulberry belongs to family Moraceae and includes 60 species found distributed in both Hemisphere. In mulberry, chromosome numbers are varies from 2n = 28 to 22n = 308 (Diploid to Decosoploid) with ploidy level x to 22x. Based on chromosome numbers and meiotic behaviors x = 14 has been considered as basic chromosome numbers of the genus. In the present study, two diploids, two uneuploids, two triploids and two teteraploids mulberry varieties were selected for detailed chromosomal numbers and meiotic behaviors belongs to three species, namely Morus indica, Morus alba and Morus latifolia. Varieties, Vishaala and Kosen were diploids with 2n = 2x = 28 chromosomes and varieties Ber-S1 and S13 were uneuploids with 2n = 30 chromosomes belongs Morus indica. Varieties NAO Khurkul and KPG-1 were triploids with 2n = 3x = 42 chromosomes belongs to Moru alba and varieties Kokuso and Icheihei were tetraploids with 2n = 4x = 56 chromosomes. Diploids and uneuploids were showed normal meiosis with high pollen fertility and triploids and teteraploids were showed abnormal meiosis with low pollen fertility, due to virtue of higher ploidy level have been discussed in this chapter.","PeriodicalId":137101,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124955106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heterochromatin Dynamics in Response to Environmental Stress in Amazonian Fish 亚马逊河鱼类对环境胁迫的异染色质动态响应

Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.94929

D. Matoso, M. Silva, Hallana Cristina Menezes da Silva, E. Feldberg, R. Artoni

引用次数: 1

Composition and Nature of Heterochromatin in the Electrical Fish (Knifefishes) Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) 电鱼(刀鱼)裸子的异染色质组成及性质(裸子目:裸子科)

Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material Pub Date : 2021-05-07 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.97673

M. Silva, D. Matoso, V. P. Margarido, E. Feldberg, R. Artoni

{"title":"Composition and Nature of Heterochromatin in the Electrical Fish (Knifefishes) Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae)","authors":"M. Silva, D. Matoso, V. P. Margarido, E. Feldberg, R. Artoni","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.97673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.97673","url":null,"abstract":"Fishes of the genus Gymnotus have been suggested as a good model for biogeographic studies in the South American continent. In relation to heterochromatin, species of this genus have blocks preferably distributed in the centromeric region. The content of these regions has been shown to be variable, with description of transposable elements, pseudogenes of 5S rDNA and satellite sequences. In G. carapo Clade, although geographically separated, species with 2n = 54 chromosomes share the distribution of many 5S rDNA sites, a unique case within the genus. Here, repetitive DNA sequences from G. sylvius (2n = 40) and G. paraguensis (2n = 54) were isolated and mapped to understand their constitution. The chromosome mapping by FISH showed an exclusive association in the centromeres of all chromosomes. However, the cross-FISH did not show positive signs of interspecific hybridization, indicating high levels of heterochromatic sequence specificity. In addition, COI-1 sequences were analyzed in some species of Gymnotus, which revealed a close relationship between species of clade 2n = 54, which have multiple 5S rDNA sites. Possibly, the insertion of retroelements or pseudogenization and dispersion of this sequence occurred before the geographic dispersion of the ancestor of this clade from the Amazon region to the hydrographic systems of Paraná-Paraguay, a synapomorphy for the group.","PeriodicalId":137101,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122276178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Haematological Malignancies: Overview of the Recent Progresses in Genetics 血液系统恶性肿瘤:遗传学最新进展综述

Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96913

M. Bendari, S. Sraidi, N. Khoubila

引用次数: 0

Cytogenetic and Genetic Advances in Myelodysplasia Syndromes 骨髓增生异常综合征的细胞遗传学和遗传学进展

Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material Pub Date : 2021-04-28 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.97112

M. Bendari, N. Khoubila

{"title":"Cytogenetic and Genetic Advances in Myelodysplasia Syndromes","authors":"M. Bendari, N. Khoubila","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.97112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.97112","url":null,"abstract":"Myelodysplasia syndromes (MDS) are defined by a heterogeneous group of myeloid malignancies characterized by peripheral blood cytopenia and dishematopoiesis and frequently progress to acute myeloid leukemia. Conventional karyotype has a crucial role in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and is one of items of the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) for patient risk stratification and treatment selection. Approximately 50–60% of cases of MDS present chromosomal abnormalities, like the deletions of chromosome 5q and 7q, trisomy 8, and complex karyotypes. New genomic technologies have been developted, like single-nucleotide polymorphism array and next-generation sequencing. They can identify the heterozygous deletions wich result in haplo-insufficient gene expression (e.g., CSNK1A1, DDX41 on chromosome 5, CUX1, LUC7L2, EZH2 on chromosome 7) involved in the pathogenesis of myelodysplasia syndromes. Genetic abnormalities are multiple, the most recurrent one are involved in the RNA splicing like SF3B1, SRSF2, U2AF1, ZRSR2, LUC7L2, and DDX41. Epigenetic modifications are also identified, such as histone modification as ASXL1, EZH2. Finally, it can be DNA methylation (e.g., TET2, DNMT3A, IDH1/IDH2). On this review we will summarize the most recent progress in molecular pathogenesis of MDS, and try to better understand the pathogenesis of the specific subgroups of MDS patients and applications of discovery of new genetic mutation in the development of new therapeutic.","PeriodicalId":137101,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132454658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Genome Modifications Involved in Developmental Programs of the Placental Trophoblast 胎盘滋养细胞发育过程中的基因组修饰

Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.97247

T. Zybina

{"title":"Genome Modifications Involved in Developmental Programs of the Placental Trophoblast","authors":"T. Zybina","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.97247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.97247","url":null,"abstract":"The placental trophoblast cells give an example of profound genome modifications that lead to whole-genome multiplication, aneuploidy, under-replication of some genes or their clusters as well as, by contrast, gene amplification. These events are included into program of differentiation of functionally different cell lineages. In some cases the trophoblast cell differentiation involves depolyploidization achieved by non-mitotic division. Aneuploidy may be also accounted for by the unusual mitoses characteristic of Invertebrates and plants; in mammalian it may result from hypomethylation of centromere chromosome regions. The giant (endopolyploid) trophoblast cells organization includes “loose nucleosomes” accounted for by the non-canonical histone variants, i.e. H2AX, H2AZ, and H3. 3 . In the human extravillous trophoblast cells that, like murine TGC, invade endometrium, there occured significant changes of methylation as compared to non-invasive trophoblast cell populations . Meantime, some genes show hypermethylation connected with start of trophoblast lineages specification. Thus, despite the limited possibilities of chromosome visualization trophoblast cells represent an interesting model to investigate the role of modification of gene copy number and their expression that is important for the normal or abnormal cell differentiation.","PeriodicalId":137101,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114495565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Genetic Abnormalities in ALL ALL的遗传异常

Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.97429

Bendari Mounia, S. Sraidi, N. Khoubila

{"title":"Genetic Abnormalities in ALL","authors":"Bendari Mounia, S. Sraidi, N. Khoubila","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.97429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.97429","url":null,"abstract":"Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), can be defined by a family of genetically heterogeneous lymphoid neoplasms derived from B- and T-lymphoid progenitors. ALL constitutes the most common childhood cancer, due to an overproduction of immature lymphoid hematopoietic cells. Genetic analyzes currently provides important information for classifying patients into prognostic groups, genetic analysis also helps to understand the mechanisms of relapse, pharmacogenetics and the development of new potential therapeutic targets, which should help to further improve the results of leukemia. In fact, the new techniques in molecular cytogenetic permits to identify new cryptic abnormalities, these discoveries have led to the development of new therapeutic protocols. The role of cytogenetic analysis is crucial on ALL patient’s management. Karyotyping coupled with FISH analysis identifies recurrent chromosomal abnormalities in ALL, many of these abnormalities have prognostic and treatment impact. This chapter summarizes chromosomal abnormalities that are common and classify ALL according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications (2016 revision). We will present the main genetic modifications recently identified as well as the sequence mutations which have helped in the elucidation of the pathogenesis of ALL.","PeriodicalId":137101,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114288246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chromosome Banding and Mechanism of Chromosome Aberrations 染色体显带与染色体畸变机制

Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96242

Sanjay Kumar, Asikho Kiso, N. A. Kithan

引用次数: 1

Research of the Philadelphia Chromosome in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Diagnostic and Prognostic Interests 慢性髓系白血病费城染色体的研究:诊断和预后的利益

Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material Pub Date : 2021-02-04 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95865

Yahya Benbouchta, Ahmed Afailal Tribak, K. Sadki

{"title":"Research of the Philadelphia Chromosome in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Diagnostic and Prognostic Interests","authors":"Yahya Benbouchta, Ahmed Afailal Tribak, K. Sadki","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95865","url":null,"abstract":"Myeloproliferative syndromes are cell proliferation involving one or more medullary lines without blocking maturation. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the most common of these syndromes, it corresponds to the monoclonal proliferation of a multipotent stem cell; the myeloblastic or lymphoblastic transformation of CM. has a poor prognosis. The Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22)(q34;q11) is the first cytogenetic abnormality that has been associated with a malignant process. It is found in 89 to 95% of CML. The search for the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) has multiple interests: Diagnostic, prognostic and in therapeutic monitoring. The search for the Philadelphia chromosome by molecular cytogenetics makes it possible to remedy the poverty of cell suspensions in metaphase to take up the inconclusive results of classic cytogenetics on nuclei in interphase and to detect residual disease during therapeutic monitoring. Through the literature review, we highlight the importance of the identification of the Philadelphia chromosome in Myeloproliferative Syndromes for the improvement of the quality healthcare of the affected patients.","PeriodicalId":137101,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125697208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0