Infusion & Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Risks of recurrence in people with pulmonary tuberculosis","authors":"I.O. Novozhylova, I.V. Bushura","doi":"10.32902/2663-0338-2023-3-24-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2023-3-24-30","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE. To assess the risk of relapse in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS. 569 people with relapsed PTB (RPTB) were selected from the TB register (e-TB manager programme): 300 with a first case treatment outcome of “completed treatment” and 269 “cured”. The groups were compared according to the course and outcome of treatment of RPTB, clinical characteristics of the first case, medical and social risk factors, and all patients with RPTB were compared with the group of newly diagnosed PTB (NDPTB). Mathematical and conventional statistical methods were used to analyse.&#x0D; RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS. It was found that patients with RPTB are a difficult group because more than 1⁄2 of them have lung destruction, 3⁄4 isolate mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT), and more than 1⁄2 have resistance to antimycobacterial drugs (AMBD). In 73.6 % of them, medical and social risk factors were noted that may have caused or contributed to TB relapse and negatively affected the results of treatment. These factors include: severe comorbidities in 53.7 %, alcohol and drug abuse in 34.9 %, HIV infection in 30.5 %, and others (homelessness, release from prison, contact with a TB patient, unemployment, smoking, etc.); 62.1 % of patients had ≥2 risk factors at the same time.&#x0D; We consider the effectiveness of treatment of this category of patients to be insufficient, as the outcome of the main course of treatment was unsatisfactory in more than half of them (48.5 % of unsuccessfully treated, 4.7 % interrupted treatment, 8.3 % died), and taking into account repeated courses, the rate of effective treatment in some of them was only 65.6 %.&#x0D; There was no significant difference (neither in clinical characteristics nor in medical and social risk factors) between the groups of patients “cured” or “completed treatment” as a result of treatment of the first case of TB, but it was found that only 23.2 % of patients with RPTB were found to be resistant to AMBD at the first case of the disease, and 50.0 % of them had it, with multidrug resistance (MDR) in half of them.&#x0D; It has been statistically proven that patients with RPTB are more likely to have the following symptoms than patients with NDPTB: lung destruction (43.2±3.2 vs. 20.4±4.0 %, p<0.05), sputum isolation of MBT (38.1±3.3 vs. 24.9±3.9 %, p<0.05), multi- and poly-resistance of MBT to AMBD (30.2±8.1 vs. 9.5±4.3 %, p<0.05), various medical and social risks (73.6±2.2 vs. 44.5±3.4 %, p<0.05), including alcohol abuse (21.3±3.7 vs. 8.7±4.3 %, p<0.05 %), unemployment (51.1±2.9 vs. 21.9±4.0 %, p<0.05), concomitant diseases (39.5±3.3 vs. 8.5±4.3 %, p<0.05), HIV infection (22.5±4.0 vs. 4.9±4.4 %, p<0.05) and others – lack of a fixed place of residence, release from prison, contact with a TB patient, lack of permanent employment, smoking, etc. (64.3±2.5 vs. 8.3±4.3 %, p<0.05), as well as ≥2 risk factors at the same time (45.7±3.1 vs. 20.0±4.0 %, p<0.05), which confirms the role of","PeriodicalId":13681,"journal":{"name":"Infusion & Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of immunomodulator BI-V in the complex therapy of children and adolescents with multiple drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis","authors":"O.I. Sakhelashvili-Bil, I.L. Platonova","doi":"10.32902/2663-0338-2023-3-31-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2023-3-31-35","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. The feasibility of combining antimycobacterial therapy (AMBT) with bedaquiline (Bdq) and delamanid (Dlm) with non-specific immunomodulator BI-V in children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR/Rif-TBP) needs to be studied.&#x0D; OBJECTIVE. To find out the effectiveness of the use of complex AMBT with Bdq and Dlm with non-specific immunomodulator BI-V in children and adolescents with MDR/Rif-TBP.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS. Children and adolescents with MDR/Rif-TBP at the initial stage of AMBT were given BI-V (BIVEL, Slovenia) as a non-specific immunomodulator. The patients were divided into two groups: 1st – 20 patients who received Bdq + Dlm + levofloxacin (Lfx) + linezolid (Lzd) + clofazimine (Cfz); 2nd ‒ 28 patients whose complex treatment included BI-V (Вdq + Dlm + Lfx + Lzd + Cfz + BI-V). BI-V was prescribed from the age of 3 years at 5 ml suspension once a day during 24 days&#x0D; RESULTS. The use of BI-V against the background of individualized regimens of AMBT in children and adolescents with MDR/Rif-TBP increased the effectiveness of treatment, contributed to the disappearance of symptoms of intoxication, the resolution of infiltration foci and the healing of decay cavities in system of immune protection, which contributed to the shortening of the inpatient stage of treatment, while maintaining a high therapeutic effectiveness (“cured” ‒ 92.8 %) and the formation of small residual changes in the lungs in the majority (89.3 %).&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS. When using combined complex AMBT with Bdq, Dlm and BI-V, high therapeutic efficiency was observed in most patients (92.8 %).","PeriodicalId":13681,"journal":{"name":"Infusion & Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New and little-known possibilities of edaravone in the treatment of cerebral stroke and extracranial pathology","authors":"O.A. Halushko","doi":"10.32902/2663-0338-2023-3-36-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2023-3-36-42","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. Edaravone is a free radical scavenger and inhibits lipid peroxidation and thus reduces oxidative damage to brain cells and other organs. Edaravone is mainly known as an effective agent in the treatment of ischemic stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.&#x0D; OBJECTIVE. To investigate the little-known possibilities of edaravone when it is used in clinical practice.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS. To solve the task, a search and analysis of full-text articles was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The search was conducted using the key word “edaravone” and included English-language and Ukrainian-language publications over the past 5 years (from April 2018 to April 2023).&#x0D; RESULTS. A total of 518 publications were identified and analyzed. Edaravone has been found to improve the clinical course and may be useful in the treatment of central nervous system diseases, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive dysfunction, oncological and infectious diseases (in particular, coronavirus disease), many poisonings, etc. All this dictates the need for further clinical studies to explore new and unexpected possibilities of edaravone.","PeriodicalId":13681,"journal":{"name":"Infusion & Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe community-acquired pneumonia: principles of diagnostics and intensive therapy","authors":"V.I. Chernii","doi":"10.32902/2663-0338-2023-3-7-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2023-3-7-15","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. Pneumonia is an important medical and social problem due to its high prevalence, high rates of disability and mortality, and significant economic losses due to this disease. In Ukraine in 2017, the incidence of pneumonia among adults was 384.0 cases per 100,000 population, and the mortality rate was 11.7 per 100,000 population, i. e. more than 3 % of those who had pneumonia died. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality from pneumonia among all age groups worldwide: 3-4 million people suffer from CAP with high morbidity and mortality.&#x0D; OBJECTIVE. To analyze the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of severe CAP from the modern literature data to optimize the treatment of this group of patients.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS. Bibliosemantic, comparative, and system analysis methods were used. The proposed recommendations are based on the analysis of modern literature, the results of randomized studies, and meta-analyses devoted to the investigation of the problem of diagnosis and management of severe CAP.&#x0D; RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The problems of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of severe CAP were analyzed using modern literature data to optimize the treatment of this group of patients. CAP can be caused by various pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, atypical bacteria (eg, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella species), and viruses. It is quite difficult to establish the etiology of pneumonia even with the use of modern microbiological technologies, therefore, in many countries of the world, a classification is used that takes into account the conditions of the occurrence of the disease, the features of the infection of the lung tissue, as well as the immune reactivity of the patient’s organism. This classification makes it possible to predict the probable causative agent of the disease with a fairly high degree of probability. The diagnosis of CAP is considered established in the presence of radiologically confirmed focal infiltration of lung tissue and at least two of the following clinical signs: acute onset of the disease with a body temperature &gt;38 °C, cough with sputum, physical signs (muffled or dull percussion sound, weakened and/or harsh bronchial breathing, a focus of sonorous small vesicular rales and/or crepitations), leukocytosis (&gt;10×109 /L), and/or shift to rod nuclear cells (&gt;10 % of them). The severity of CAP is assessed clinically, as well as using the criteria given in the scales to determine the need for the patient to be hospitalized or admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients with CAP requiring mechanical ventilation or with septic shock should be admitted to the ICU.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS. Severe CAP is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and although there are European and non-European guidelines for CAP, there are no specific guidelines for severe CAP. These international guideli","PeriodicalId":13681,"journal":{"name":"Infusion & Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine side effects of immunotherapeutic drugs","authors":"O.S. Orlyk, A.V. Garnytska","doi":"10.32902/2663-0338-2023-3-43-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2023-3-43-48","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. Immunotherapy is an innovative approach to treatment that is changing the paradigm in oncology and is achieving significant results in the fight against malignant tumors including leukemia, melanoma, lung cancer, kidney cancer and many others. This treatment uses the power of the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells. Immunotherapy can lead to long-term remission or even complete disappearance of tumors in patients with certain types of cancer. The success of therapy depends on many factors, including the type of cancer and individual patient characteristics. As with any treatment, patients with immunotherapy may experience side effects. As a result of treatment with pembrolizumab (and other immunotherapeutic drugs), patients may develop endocrine disorders. The most common endocrine side effects include thyroiditis (which can lead to hyper- or hypothyroidism), inflammation of the parathyroid glands, hypophysitis, and diabetes mellitus.&#x0D; OBJECTIVE. Based on the literature data, to investigate the possible side effects of immunotherapeutic drugs on the endocrine system.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS. Object: endocrine complications due to immunotherapy. Research method: review of literary sources.&#x0D; RESULTS. Among the manifestations of the endocrine system, the most common are thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus. It is important to monitor the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4, blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin for timely detection of endocrine pathology, prevention of unwanted complications and improvement of patients’ quality of life.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS. Immunotherapy is vital for cancer patients. Given the possible development of various side effects, including those from the endocrine system, patients should monitor the main indicators of the thyroid gland (TSH, free T4) and carbohydrate metabolism (blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin) both before starting immunotherapy and during treatment. Patients with pre-existing endocrine disorders require more careful monitoring. It is possible that such patients, in the process of immunotherapy, may require correction of hypoglycemic drugs: speaking of diabetes mellitus, a possible option may be a dose correction of tableted antidiabetic drugs, a change in the therapy regimen or insulin therapy; in diseases of the thyroid gland, the doctor may suggest dose adjustment of thyroid drugs, ultrasound diagnostics and/or fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules.","PeriodicalId":13681,"journal":{"name":"Infusion & Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the course of pulmonary tuberculosis against the background of coronavirus infection according to computed tomography of the chest organs","authors":"М.І. Lynnyk, V.І. Іgnatieva, G.L. Gumeniuk, V.А. Svyatnenko, V.Ye. Ivashchenko, О.P. Chobotar, М.G. Palivoda","doi":"10.32902/2663-0338-2023-3-16-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2023-3-16-23","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. Quarantine measures regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, initiated in early 2020, and subsequently large-scale hostilities in Ukraine, led to a decrease in the detection of tuberculosis (TB) patients and an increase in mortality from this disease. Particular attention needs to be paid to the peculiarities of the course of pulmonary TB against the background of a coronavirus infection, which may be due to both the features of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 and the features of the immunological status of patients with pulmonary TB with preserved sensitivity to antimycobacterial drugs (DSTB) and with drug resistance.&#x0D; OBJECTIVE. To investigate the dynamics of the course of pathological changes in the lungs in patients with pulmonary TB against the background of coronavirus infection by analyzing the data of computed tomography (CT) of the chest organs.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS. Establishing the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary TB were carried out in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 530. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was established in patients who were treated for pulmonary TB in accordance with the current protocols for the treatment of the coronavirus infection. All patients underwent dynamic CT of the chest organs was performed on the Aquilion TSX-101A scanner (Toshiba, Japan).&#x0D; RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Clinical, laboratory and X-ray data of patients with pulmonary TB and COVID-19 were analyzed in dynamics. It has been established that with timely diagnosis and adequate treatment of DSTB of the lungs, viral pneumonia (COVID-19) does not complicate the course of the TB process. The period of the course of COVID-19 is characterized by the continuation of the positive dynamics of the TB process. In patients with TB with multiple drug resistance, viral pneumonia (COVID-19) does not cause serious complications, but the period of the course of COVID-19 is characterized by the absence of positive dynamics of the TB process. With untreated pulmonary TB on the background of viral pneumonia (COVID-19), the disease can become severe and end in death.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS. CT of the chest organs in patients with pulmonary TB against the background of COVID-19 is highly informative in monitoring the pathological process, detecting complications and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment.","PeriodicalId":13681,"journal":{"name":"Infusion & Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of comorbidity in the development of Long-COVID","authors":"T.V. Chernii, V.I. Chernii, D.A. Fokina","doi":"10.32902/2663-0338-2023-1-20-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2023-1-20-24","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. Post-COVID syndrome is a set of conditions that occur in patients after a coronavirus infection. To date, there remains great interest in identifying the relationships between the influence of concomitant diseases on the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the selection of a justified treatment regimen from the point of view of the pathogenesis of the formation of long-term consequences of the disease.&#x0D; OBJECTIVE. To investigate the role of comorbidity in the development of Long-COVID, to study and analyze the results of treatment with a combination of Xavron, Tivorel and Xylate in patients with asthenic manifestations of Long-COVID.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS. A clinical and neurological examination of 50 patients aged 47 to 76 years with a diagnosis of chronic cerebral ischemia and an asthenic syndrome that persisted for more than 3 months after a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was carried out. All patients were treated according to a clinical protocol approved by the MOH of Ukraine. In addition to the main treatment, 20 patients received a 10-day course of infusions of a combination of the drugs Xavron in a dose of 30 mg No. 10, Tivorel 100.0 No. 5 and Xylate 200.0 No. 5 every other day. Efficacy was assessed before treatment, on the 5th and 10th day of treatment using the MMSE, DASS-21, FAS and MOND scales.&#x0D; RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. A stable positive relationship was found between the number of CIRS-G comorbidity scores and the MOND score. A positive correlation coefficient between comorbidity and asthenic syndrome, assessed on the FAS scale, was also expressed – 0.699 (p<0.001). A somewhat weaker negative relationship was found between anxiety and the number of points on the CIRS-G scale – -0.474 (p=0.035). Assessment of depression and stress on the DASS-21 scale did not show a reliably significant correlation effect. After treatment, the severity of neurological symptoms, assessed by the MOND scale, decreased from 5.6±1.6 to 2.8±1 (p<0.01). Depression and anxiety scores on the DASS-21 scale decreased moderately from 4.9±3.6 to 2.8±1.5 (p<0.01) and from 6.3±2.3 to 4.3±1.5 (p<0.01), respectively. A more significant regression was observed on the stress scale – from 10.3±3.1 to 7.5±1.9 (p<0.01). The difference in the severity of fatigue from 28.8±4.1 to 20±1.2 was especially noticeable (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS. Asthenic syndrome, which is prevalent in the Long-COVID, directly depends on the background of chronic diseases. The combination of Xavron, Tivorel and Xylate is pathogenetically justified and safe in the treatment of patients with Long-COVID. The use of this combination leads to a reduction of asthenic syndrome, which, in turn, has a positive effect on the reduction of cognitive manifestations of Long-COVID in the form of “brain fog”.","PeriodicalId":13681,"journal":{"name":"Infusion & Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135529182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of vitamin D deficiency in antituberculous protection","authors":"L. Todoriko, Ya.I. Toderika, O. Shevchenko, O. Pidverbetska, O.Ya. Pidverbetskyi","doi":"10.32902/2663-0338-2021-4-38-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2021-4-38-44","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. The main task of modern phthysiology is a comprehensive search for ways to optimize the etiotropic and the pathogenetic treatment of tuberculosis (TB). The search for improved treatment in addition to etiotropic antimicrobial therapy lies in the plane of improving pathogenetic therapy. Analysis of the available scientific sources suggests that the efficacy of TB treatment can be improved by adding vitamin D to the pathogenetic treatment, as vitamin D metabolites support the innate immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. \u0000OBJECTIVE. To determine the role of vitamin D in the immunopathogenesis of the inflammatory response in pulmonary TB and to assess the prospects of its impact on improving the effectiveness of treatment by analyzing information from available scientific sources on this topic. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study was performed for the period December 2020 – August 2021. The search was conducted by \u0000Keywords: \u0000pulmonary tuberculosis, vitamin D, mechanism of action, pathogenesis, treatment. Access to various full-text and abstract databases was used as the main source of research. \u0000RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. A large number of studies conducted so far prove the link between vitamin D deficiency and the occurrence of pulmonary TB. Vitamin D receptors have been found to be present on various surfaces of immune cells, including T and B cells, indicating that they need vitamin D to perform cellular functions. Vitamin D has been shown to increase the phagocytic activity of macrophages, and that monocytes incubated with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) metabolites induce anti-TB activity. A number of studies have shown that vitamin D increases the body’s production of the antimicrobial/antimycobacterial peptide LL-37, a member of the cathelicidin petelide family. Therefore, the narrowly analyzed analysis according to the literature suggests that in the conditions of full vitamin D status of the human body the course of TB will be favorable, and in case of vitamin D deficiency – which is primarily associated with genetic polymorphisms, the course of TB may be unfavorable. \u0000CONCLUSIONS. Vitamin D functionates as one of the activators of macrophages and plays a role in the immune defense of the human body against mycobacterial TB. The inclusion of vitamin D in the program of complex treatment of TB infection is promising, as it enhances the production of antimicrobial/antimycobacterial peptide LL-37. It can be used as one of the components of TB prevention in children.","PeriodicalId":13681,"journal":{"name":"Infusion & Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84520605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risks of using pre-event time scale and ordinal scale measurements in COVID-19 clinical trials","authors":"M.V. Yashchenko","doi":"10.32902/2663-0338-2021-4-32-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2021-4-32-37","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. The article shows the results of literature search and analysis of endpoints of interventional clinical trials of phase III-IV of the treatment of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and of its prevention. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS. Among 102 trials found, ordinal scales were used in 60 trials, time-to-event outcome measures were used in 54 trials, both scales – in 49 trials. Time-to-event endpoints were related to hospitalization/intensive care unit term, discontinuation of oxygen therapy, and clinical improvement standardized on ordinal scales. At the same time, the early discontinuation of oxygen therapy and the early discharge create risks to the biometric measurement. \u0000RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Statistical calculations showed the association of the number of new COVID-19 hospital admissions per day with the percentage of free beds, but not only with the number of new coronavirus infection cases in general, the number of deaths and the number of people recovering from COVID-19 per day in different regions of Ukraine. These results may indicate that resource-dependence and organizational aspects affect the hospitalization of patients with COVID-19. \u0000CONCLUSIONS. Therefore, to ensure that the discharge or discontinuation of oxygen therapy was due solely to a positive clinical outcome, data on changes of number of beds, access to oxygen supplies as well as data relevant to determination of the desired clinical outcome (body temperature, oxygen saturation, severity of symptoms, etc.) should be collected. It is recommended to collect biomarker data after discharge, if possible.","PeriodicalId":13681,"journal":{"name":"Infusion & Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76862189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhaled antiseptics and inhaled antiviral non-prescription drugs in the prevention of ARVI, in particular COVID-19: an epidemiological study","authors":"Y. Feshchenko, M. Gumeniuk, М. Lynnyk, O. Dziublyk, M. Kuzhko, О. Tereshkovych, O. Khmel, I. Panashchuk, M.V. Yashchenko, Оleksiy S. Denysov, Т.А. Sprynsian","doi":"10.32902/2663-0338-2021-4-5-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2021-4-5-15","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. The article presents the results of a continuous, cross-sectional, non-interventional, multicenter retrospective epidemiological study, which included cases of 3443 participants. Questionnaires and rapid test for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were used to collect data. \u0000OBJECTIVE. To determine the relationship between the systematic use of additional drugs for the prevention of COVID-19, including inhaled antiseptics and inhaled antiviral drugs, separately and in combination with other drugs, and the risk of developing of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). \u0000RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 396 participants (11.8 %) took inhaled antiseptics in any period since March 2020, and 410 participants (12.2 %) took inhaled antivirals. A statistically significant protective relationship between episode of COVID-19 when taking inhaled antiseptics and inhaled antiviral drugs (risk ratio 0.901; 95 % confidence interval 0.856-0.948) was determined. \u0000CONCLUSIONS. The use of inhaled antiseptics and inhaled antiviral drugs as additional methods of prevention of COVID-19 has shown a statistically significant effect not only on reducing the risk of COVID-19, but different combinations of inhaled antiseptics or inhaled antiviral drugs with other drug groups as additional methods of preventing COVID-19 had a statistically significant protective relationship with the episode of the disease, with the severity of COVID-19 and with the need for hospitalization.","PeriodicalId":13681,"journal":{"name":"Infusion & Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88741630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}