Inflammation & allergy drug targets最新文献_第9页

Interleukin-6 and lung inflammation: evidence for a causative role in inducing respiratory system resistance increments. 白细胞介素-6和肺部炎症:在诱导呼吸系统阻力增加中的致病作用的证据。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871528111312050003

Alessandro Rubini

{"title":"Interleukin-6 and lung inflammation: evidence for a causative role in inducing respiratory system resistance increments.","authors":"Alessandro Rubini","doi":"10.2174/1871528111312050003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871528111312050003","url":null,"abstract":"Interleukin-6 is a multifunctional cytokine that has been shown to be increased in some pathological conditions involving the respiratory system such as those experimentally induced in animals or spontaneously occurring in humans. Experimental data demonstrating that interleukin-6 plays a significant role in commonly occurring respiratory system inflammatory diseases are reviewed here. Those diseases, i.e. asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are characterised by mechanical derangements of the respiratory system, for the most part due to increased elastance and airway resistance. Recent findings showing that interleukin-6 has a causative role in determining an increase in airway resistance are reviewed. The end-inflation occlusion method was used to study the mechanical properties of the respiratory system before and after interleukin-6 administration. The cytokine was shown to induce significant, dose-dependent increments in both the resistive pressure dissipation due to frictional forces opposing the airflow in the airway (ohmic resistance) and the additional resistive pressure dissipation due to the visco-elastic properties of the system, i.e. stress relaxation (visco-elastic resistance). There were no alterations in respiratory system elastance. Even when administered to healthy mammals, interleukin-6 determines a significant effect on respiratory system resistance causing an increase in the mechanical work of breathing during inspiration. IL-6 hypothetically plays an active role in the pathogenesis of respiratory system diseases and the mechanisms that may be involved are discussed here. ","PeriodicalId":13680,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation & allergy drug targets","volume":"12 5","pages":"315-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31584682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Vitamin D measurement in the intensive care unit: methodology, clinical relevance and interpretation of a random value. 重症监护病房的维生素D测量:方法学、临床相关性和随机值的解释。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.2174/18715281113129990050

Anand Krishnan, Bala Venkatesh

{"title":"Vitamin D measurement in the intensive care unit: methodology, clinical relevance and interpretation of a random value.","authors":"Anand Krishnan, Bala Venkatesh","doi":"10.2174/18715281113129990050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18715281113129990050","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D deficiency, as measured by a random level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D is very prevalent in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU and is associated with adverse outcomes. Both 25(OH)vitamin D and 1α,25(OH)2D3 are difficult to analyse because of their lipophilic nature, affinity for VDBP and small concentrations. Also, the various tests used to estimate vitamin D levels show significant inter- and intra-assay variability, which significantly affect the veracity of the results obtained and confound their interpretation. The two main types of assays include those that directly estimate vitamin D levels (HPLC, LC-MS/MS) and competitive binding assays (RIA, EIA). The former methods require skilled operators, with prolonged assay times and increased cost, whereas the latter are cheaper and easy to perform, but with decreased accuracy. The direct assays are not affected by lipophilic substances in plasma and heterophile antibodies, but may overestimate vitamin D levels by measuring the 3-epimers. These problems can be eliminated by adequate standardization of the test using SRMs provided by NIST, as well as participating in proficiency schemes like DEQAS. It is therefore important to consider the test employed as well as laboratory quality control, while interpreting vitamin D results. A single random measurement may not be reflective of the vitamin D status in ICU patients because of changes with fluid administration, and intra-day variation in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. 1α,25(OH)2D3 may behave differently to 25-hydroxyvitamin D, both in plasma and at tissue level, in inflammatory states. Measurement of tissue 1α,25(OH)2D3 levels may provide the true estimate of vitamin D activity. ","PeriodicalId":13680,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation & allergy drug targets","volume":"12 4","pages":"230-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31610559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Vitamin D deficiency and acute lung injury. 维生素 D 缺乏与急性肺损伤。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.2174/18715281113129990049

Dhruv Parekh, David R Thickett, Alice M Turner

{"title":"Vitamin D deficiency and acute lung injury.","authors":"Dhruv Parekh, David R Thickett, Alice M Turner","doi":"10.2174/18715281113129990049","DOIUrl":"10.2174/18715281113129990049","url":null,"abstract":"Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and the more severe form Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the critically ill patient. It is characterised by a severe inflammatory process resulting in diffuse alveolar damage, influx of neutrophils, macrophages and a protein rich exudate in the alveolar spaces caused by endothelial and epithelial injury. Improvements in outcomes are in part due to restrictive fluid management and protective lung ventilation however successful therapeutic strategies remain elusive with promising therapies failing to translate positively in human studies. The evidence for the role of vitamin D in lung disease is growing - deficiency has been associated with impaired pulmonary function, increased incidence of viral and bacterial infections and inflammatory disease including asthma and COPD. Studies have also reported a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the critically ill and an association with adverse outcomes. Although exact mechanisms are yet to be discerned, vitamin D appears to impact on a variety of inflammatory and structural cells within the lung including macrophages, lymphocytes and epithelial cells. To date there are few directly supportive clinical studies in ALI; this review explores the compelling evidence suggesting arole for vitamin D in ALI and the mechanisms by which it could contribute to pathogenesis. ","PeriodicalId":13680,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation & allergy drug targets","volume":"12 4","pages":"253-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31610560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vitamin D intervention trials in critical illness. 危重疾病维生素D干预试验。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.2174/18715281113129990043

Christian Schnedl, Thomas R Pieber, Karin Amrein

引用次数: 5

Vitamin D deficiency and critical illness. 维生素D缺乏和危重疾病。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.2174/18715281113129990042

Kenneth B Christopher

引用次数: 7

Disease-modifying effect of anthraquinone prodrug with boswellic acid on collagenase-induced osteoarthritis in Wistar rats. 蒽醌前药联合乳香酸对Wistar大鼠胶原酶性骨关节炎的改善作用。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.2174/18715281113129990002

Suneela Dhaneshwar, Patil Dipmala, Harsulkar Abhay, Bhondave Prashant

{"title":"Disease-modifying effect of anthraquinone prodrug with boswellic acid on collagenase-induced osteoarthritis in Wistar rats.","authors":"Suneela Dhaneshwar, Patil Dipmala, Harsulkar Abhay, Bhondave Prashant","doi":"10.2174/18715281113129990002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18715281113129990002","url":null,"abstract":"Diacerein and its active metabolite rhein are promising disease modifying agents for osteoarthritis (OA). Boswellic acid is an active ingredient of Gugglu; a herbal medicine commonly administered in osteoarthritis. Both of them possess excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities. It was thought interesting to conjugate rhein and boswellic acid into a mutual prodrug (DSRB) and evaluate its efficacy on collagenase-induced osteoarthritis in rats wherein the conjugate, rhein, boswellic acid and their physical mixture, were tested based on various parameters. Oral administration of 3.85 mg of rhein, 12.36 mg of boswellic acid and 15.73 mg of DSRB which would release equimolar amounts of rhein and boswellic acid, exhibited significant restoration in rat body weight as compared to the untreated arthritic control group. Increase in knee diameter (mm), due to edema was observed in group injected with collagenase, which reduced significantly with the treatment of conjugate. The hematological parameters (Hb, RBC, WBC and ESR) and biochemical parameters (CRP, SALP, SGOT and SGPT) in the osteoarthritic rats were significantly brought back to normal values on treatment with conjugate. It also showed better anti-ulcer activity than rhein. Further the histopathological studies revealed significant anti-arthritic activity of conjugate when compared with the arthritic control group. In conclusion, the conjugate at the specified dose level of 15.73 mg/kg, p. o. (BID) showed reduction in knee diameter and it could significantly normalize the hematological and biochemical abnormalities in collagenase-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Further the histopathological studies confirmed the additive anti-arthritic effect of DSRB as compared to plain rhein. ","PeriodicalId":13680,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation & allergy drug targets","volume":"12 4","pages":"288-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31452757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Vitamin D in acute kidney injury. 维生素D在急性肾损伤中的作用。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.2174/18715281113129990044

Andrea B Braun, Kenneth B Christopher

引用次数: 15

Efficacy of high-dose vitamin D supplementation in the critically ill patients. 大剂量补充维生素D对危重病人的疗效观察。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.2174/18715281113129990047

Rachel M Perron, Paul Lee

引用次数: 23

Vitamin D and sepsis: from associations to causal connections. 维生素D与败血症:从关联到因果关系。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.2174/18715281113129990048

Jordan A Kempker, Greg S Martin

引用次数: 10

Prevalence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients. 危重症患者维生素D缺乏的患病率及危险因素

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.2174/18715281113129990045

Bertrand Sauneuf, Jennifer Brunet, Olivier Lucidarme, Damien du Cheyron

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients.","authors":"Bertrand Sauneuf, Jennifer Brunet, Olivier Lucidarme, Damien du Cheyron","doi":"10.2174/18715281113129990045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18715281113129990045","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D (Vit D) is well known for its traditional role in calcium and bone homeostasis. Sun exposure and diet are essential for Vit D synthesis and intake. However, the association of Vit D deficiency with various diseases has held the attention of clinicians. Of note, Vit D has pleiotropic effects that could be involved in the optimal functioning of many organ systems. Several epidemiologic studies have documented widespread Vit D deficiency worldwide. Vit D deficiency is also frequent in hospitalized patients. Recently, publications have suggested a high prevalence of Vit D deficiency in critically ill patients, which might have a clinical impact in this specific population. However, few studies have specifically investigated the prevalence and risk factors of Vit D deficiency in intensive care units. The available data indicate a Vit D deficiency prevalence of 80% to 100% in critically ill patients. The risk factors associated with Vit D deficiency include variables dependent on demographic characteristics, such as ethnicity, age and sex, lifestyle and diet, medical history and medications, and acute critical illness. Of note, the presence of a systemic inflammatory response and the severity of acute illness may affect the Vit D status. This review presents the current knowledge on the prevalence of Vit D deficiency in the critically ill and the associated risk factors. ","PeriodicalId":13680,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation & allergy drug targets","volume":"12 4","pages":"223-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31518964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14