Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections Following Neurosurgical Spinal Fusion Operations: A Case Control Study","authors":"T. Walsh, Ashley M. Querry, S. Mccool, Alison L. Galdys, K. Shutt, M. Saul, Carlene A. Muto","doi":"10.1017/ice.2016.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.307","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To determine risk factors for the development of surgical site infections (SSIs) in neurosurgery patients undergoing spinal fusion. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. SETTING Large, academic, quaternary care center. PATIENTS The study population included all neurosurgery patients who underwent spinal fusion between August 1, 2009, and August 31, 2013. Cases were defined as patients in the study cohort who developed an SSI. Controls were patients in the study cohort who did not develop an SSI. METHODS To achieve 80% power with an ability to detect an odds ratio (OR) of 2, we performed an unmatched case-control study with equal numbers of cases and controls. RESULTS During the study period, 5,473 spinal fusion procedures were performed by neurosurgeons in our hospital. With 161 SSIs recorded during the study period, the incidence of SSIs associated with these procedures was 2.94%. While anterior surgical approach was found to be a protective factor (OR, 0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08–0.52), duration of procedure (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.29–1.93), American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 or 4 (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.00–3.18), and hospitalization within the prior 30 days (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 1.37–24.57) were found in multivariate analysis to be independent predictors of SSI following spinal fusion. Prior methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nares colonization was highly associated with odds 20 times higher of SSI following spinal fusion (OR, 20.30; 95% CI, 4.64–8.78). CONCLUSIONS In additional to nonmodifiable risk factors, prior colonization with MRSA is a modifiable risk factor very strongly associated with development of SSI following spinal fusion. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:348–352","PeriodicalId":13655,"journal":{"name":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology","volume":"1992 1","pages":"340 - 347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89874252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Codes for Surgical Site Infection and Noninfectious Wound Complications After Mastectomy","authors":"M. Olsen, Kelly E. Ball, K. Nickel, A. Wallace, V. Fraser","doi":"10.1017/ice.2016.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.271","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Few studies have validated ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes for surgical site infection (SSI), and none have validated coding for noninfectious wound complications after mastectomy. OBJECTIVES To determine the accuracy of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis codes in health insurer claims data to identify SSI and noninfectious wound complications, including hematoma, seroma, fat and tissue necrosis, and dehiscence, after mastectomy. METHODS We reviewed medical records for 275 randomly selected women who were coded in the claims data for mastectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction and had an ICD-9-CM diagnosis code for a wound complication within 180 days after surgery. We calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) to evaluate the accuracy of diagnosis codes in identifying specific wound complications and the PPV to determine the accuracy of coding for the breast surgical procedure. RESULTS The PPV for SSI was 57.5%, or 68.9% if cellulitis-alone was considered an SSI, while the PPV for cellulitis was 82.2%. The PPVs of individual noninfectious wound complications ranged from 47.8% for fat necrosis to 94.9% for seroma and 96.6% for hematoma. The PPVs for mastectomy, implant, and autologous flap reconstruction were uniformly high (97.5%–99.2%). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that claims data can be used to compare rates of infectious and noninfectious wound complications after mastectomy across facilities, even though PPVs vary by specific type of postoperative complication. The accuracy of coding was highest for cellulitis, hematoma, and seroma, and a composite group of noninfectious complications (fat necrosis, tissue necrosis, or dehiscence). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:334–339","PeriodicalId":13655,"journal":{"name":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology","volume":"120 16","pages":"334 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91408109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective Qualitative Hand Hygiene Compliance Observation: A Feasibility Trial","authors":"J. Bierwirth, S. Schulz-Stübner","doi":"10.1017/ice.2016.300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.300","url":null,"abstract":"average costs per interview calculated with 19.69 CHF (Swiss francs). This corresponds to approximately 1,510,892 CHF for 76,734 telephone interviews in the surveillance period 2013-2014. Although PDS is able to produce more reliable SSI data compared with surveillance systems that limit the data acquisition period to the time in the hospital and readmissions, most additional captured SSIs are superficial ones, so the cost-effectiveness of routine PDS has been questioned. In Germany efforts are underway to conduct SSI surveillance for all inpatient and outpatient surgical procedures with an algorithm based on health insurance data and using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes, German procedure codes, and diagnosis-related group administrative datasets as part of the mandatory quality assurance program starting in January 2017. This approach will include the postdischarge period but will not need any input by infection control practitioners, thus freeing up their time. However, physicians who treat a case of presumed SSI detected by the automatic algorithm will be required to fill out a short questionnaire to verify the classification. International benchmarking will become more difficult, given the variety of surveillance systems from active PDS in Switzerland and the Netherlands to future “big data” mining in Germany to classical active surveillance reporting using standardized definitions. Therefore, we believe that an internationally synchronized effort to streamline a cost-effective surveillance approach to detect SSIs is warranted, keeping in mind the RUMBA rule of meaningful quality indicators: Reliable, Understandable, Measureable, Behaviorable, and Achievable.","PeriodicalId":13655,"journal":{"name":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology","volume":"9 1","pages":"251 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83515269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phantom Prescribing: Examining the Frequency of Antimicrobial Prescriptions Without a Patient Visit","authors":"B. Riedle, Linnea A. Polgreen, J. Cavanaugh, M. Schroeder, P. Polgreen","doi":"10.1017/ice.2016.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.269","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To investigate the scale of antimicrobial prescribing without a corresponding visit, and to compare the attributes of patients who received antimicrobials with a corresponding visit with those who did not have a visit. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. METHODS We followed up 185,010 Medicare patients for 1 year after an acute myocardial infarction. For each antimicrobial prescribed, we determined whether the patient had an inpatient, outpatient, or provider claim in the 7 days prior to the antimicrobial prescription being filled. We compared the proportions of patient characteristics for those prescriptions associated with a visit and without a visit (ie, phantom prescriptions). We also compared the rates at which different antimicrobials were prescribed without a visit. RESULTS We found that of 356,545 antimicrobial prescriptions, 14.75% had no evidence of a visit in the week prior to the prescription being filled. A higher percentage of patients without a visit were identified as white (P<.001) and female (P<.001). Patients without a visit had a higher likelihood of survival and fewer additional cardiac events (acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, stroke, all P<.001). Among the antimicrobials considered, amoxicillin, penicillin, and agents containing trimethoprim and methenamine were much more likely to be prescribed without a visit. In contrast, levofloxacin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, vancomycin, and cefdinir were much less likely to be prescribed without a visit. CONCLUSIONS Among this cohort of patients with chronic conditions, phantom prescriptions of antimicrobials are relatively common and occurred more frequently among those patients who were relatively healthy. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:273–280","PeriodicalId":13655,"journal":{"name":"Infection Control &#x0026; Hospital Epidemiology","volume":"121 1","pages":"273 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80777609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase–Producing Citrobacter freundii at a Tertiary Acute Care Facility in Miami, Florida","authors":"A. Jimenez, José G. Castro, L. Munoz-Price, Dennise de Pascale, L. Shimose, M. Mustapha, Caressa N. Spychala, R. Mettus, V. Cooper, Y. Doi","doi":"10.1017/ice.2016.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.273","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To describe the investigation and control of a rare cluster of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase–producing Citrobacter freundii in a hospital in southern Florida. METHODS An epidemiologic investigation, review of infection prevention procedures, and molecular studies including whole genome sequencing were conducted. RESULTS An outbreak of K. pneumoniae carbapenemase–3-producing C. freundii was identified at a tertiary hospital in Florida in 2014. Of the 6 cases identified, 3 occurred in the same intensive care unit and were caused by the same clone. For 2 of the 3 remaining cases, the isolates had low carbapenem minimum inhibitory concentrations and were unrelated by whole genome sequencing. As a response to the outbreak, supplementary environmental cleaning was implemented, including closure and terminal cleaning of the unit where the 3 cases clustered, in addition to the infection control bundle already in place at the time. No further cases were identified after these additional interventions. CONCLUSIONS Although C. freundii is not a species that commonly demonstrates carbapenem resistance, our findings suggest that carbapenemase-producing C. freundii may be underdetected even when active surveillance is in place and has a potential to cause hospital outbreak. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:320–326","PeriodicalId":13655,"journal":{"name":"Infection Control &#x0026; Hospital Epidemiology","volume":"22 1","pages":"320 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73999213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of OXA-72-producing Acinetobacter baumannii Belonging to High-Risk Clones (CC15 and CC79) in Different Brazilian States","authors":"M. Pagano, L. Rocha, J. Sampaio, A. F. Martins, A. Barth","doi":"10.1017/ice.2016.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.287","url":null,"abstract":"hand hygiene compliance observations and consecutive training efforts is important, given that <10% of all hand disinfections were performed correctly in an observational study by Tschudin-Sutter et al, who observed the 6-step technique. Appropriate hand-surface coverage was reached in only 7.9% of hand hygiene procedures observed by Park et al, despite a high rate of compliance with the correct indications. Shah et al performed a video observation of hand washing. Of 1,081 recordings, 403 (37.3%) were excellent, 521 (48.2%) were acceptable, and 157 (14.5%) were unacceptable. A limitation of our study is the lack of bacterial counts, but the results of Riley et al, who showed no correlation between hand coverage and bacterial counts with a 6-step technique compared to a 3-step approach, had not been published at the time of our experiment. Another limitation is the small number of participants and the experimental setting of this proof-of-principle study. However, we believe that based on our results, the addition of dichotomous subjective quality assessment using the parameters time and skin coverage during live observation by experienced infection control staff is feasible and could be a valuable addition to conventional hand hygiene observation.","PeriodicalId":13655,"journal":{"name":"Infection Control &#x0026; Hospital Epidemiology","volume":"60 1","pages":"252 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80465827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Silent Epidemic of Colistin- and Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae at a Turkish University Hospital","authors":"G. Metan, A. İlbay, O. Eser, S. Unal, P. Zarakolu","doi":"10.1017/ice.2016.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.255","url":null,"abstract":"Financial support: This study was supported by the CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil, and by FIPE/HCPA (Research and Events Support Fund at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre). A.L.B is a research fellow and receives support from the CNPq, Ministry of Science and Technology, Brazil (grant no. 458489/2014-0). Potential conflict of interest:All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.","PeriodicalId":13655,"journal":{"name":"Infection Control &#x0026; Hospital Epidemiology","volume":"32 1","pages":"254 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81564531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pediatric Approach to Ventilator-Associated Events Surveillance","authors":"N. Cocoros, G. Priebe, L. Logan, S. Coffin, G. Larsen, P. Toltzis, Thomas J. Sandora, M. Harper, J. Sammons, J. Gray, D. Goldmann, Kelly Horan, Michael Burton, P. Checchia, Matthew D. Lakoma, S. Sims, M. Klompas, Grace M. Lee","doi":"10.1017/ice.2016.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.277","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE Adult ventilator-associated event (VAE) definitions include ventilator-associated conditions (VAC) and subcategories for infection-related ventilator-associated complications (IVAC) and possible ventilator-associated pneumonia (PVAP). We explored these definitions for children. DESIGN Retrospective cohort SETTING Pediatric, cardiac, or neonatal intensive care units (ICUs) in 6 US hospitals PATIENTS Patients ≤18 years old ventilated for ≥1 day METHODS We identified patients with pediatric VAC based on previously proposed criteria. We applied adult temperature, white blood cell count, antibiotic, and culture criteria for IVAC and PVAP to these patients. We matched pediatric VAC patients with controls and evaluated associations with adverse outcomes using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS In total, 233 pediatric VACs (12,167 ventilation episodes) were identified. In the cardiac ICU (CICU), 62.5% of VACs met adult IVAC criteria; in the pediatric ICU (PICU), 54.2% of VACs met adult IVAC criteria; and in the neonatal ICU (NICU), 20.2% of VACs met adult IVAC criteria. Most patients had abnormal white blood cell counts and temperatures; we therefore recommend simplifying surveillance by focusing on “pediatric VAC with antimicrobial use” (pediatric AVAC). Pediatric AVAC with a positive respiratory diagnostic test (“pediatric PVAP”) occurred in 8.9% of VACs in the CICU, 13.3% of VACs in the PICU, and 4.3% of VACs in the NICU. Hospital mortality was increased, and hospital and ICU length of stay and duration of ventilation were prolonged among all pediatric VAE subsets compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS We propose pediatric AVAC for surveillance related to antimicrobial use, with pediatric PVAP as a subset of AVAC. Studies on generalizability and responsiveness of these metrics to quality improvement initiatives are needed, as are studies to determine whether lower pediatric VAE rates are associated with improvements in other outcomes. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:327–333","PeriodicalId":13655,"journal":{"name":"Infection Control &#x0026; Hospital Epidemiology","volume":"47 1","pages":"327 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75096057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an Ethanol-Based Spray Disinfectant for Decontamination of Cover Gowns Prior to Removal","authors":"Sreelatha Koganti, Heba Alhmidi, Myreen E. Tomas, J. Cadnum, Christopher Sass, A. Jencson, C. Donskey","doi":"10.1017/ice.2016.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.295","url":null,"abstract":"An ethanol-based spray disinfectant significantly reduced bacteriophage MS2 contamination on material from gowns meeting ASTM standard 1671 for resistance to blood and viral penetration and on a cover gown worn by personnel. Effectiveness of disinfection was affected by the type of gown material and the correctness of fit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:364–366","PeriodicalId":13655,"journal":{"name":"Infection Control &#x0026; Hospital Epidemiology","volume":"28 1","pages":"364 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75258141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Antimicrobial Exposure: Hazards in Populations With End-Stage Renal Disease","authors":"G. Snyder, Christopher M. McCoy, E. D’Agata","doi":"10.1017/ice.2016.290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.290","url":null,"abstract":"Using a rigorously collected data set of antimicrobial use among patients receiving chronic hemodialysis, antimicrobial use was calculated using 3 different methodologies: daily defined dose, days of therapy, and start–stop days. Estimates of antimicrobial use varied by as much as 10-fold, depending on the type of antimicrobial. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:360–363","PeriodicalId":13655,"journal":{"name":"Infection Control &#x0026; Hospital Epidemiology","volume":"5 1","pages":"360 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78668738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}