{"title":"Assessing the democratic legitimacy of public decisions based on Machine Learning algorithms","authors":"María Carolina Jiménez","doi":"10.1109/SDS49233.2020.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDS49233.2020.00017","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores how issues around the opacity and fairness of Machine Learning algorithms may affect the legitimacy of their use in the context of public decision-making. It identifies shortcomings in current research attempting to ground the justification of the decisions of machine learning algorithms on the general design of such models, as well as limitations of current research on algorithmic fairness. The paper concludes that even if challenges related to opacity and fairness cannot be completely overcome through technical means, the legitimacy of Machine Learning algorithms and their decisions can be enhanced through political processes based on the deliberative democratic paradigm.","PeriodicalId":136287,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th Swiss Conference on Data Science (SDS)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124445855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linda Studer, Jannis Wallau, R. Ingold, Andreas Fischer
{"title":"Effects of Graph Pooling Layers on Classification with Graph Neural Networks","authors":"Linda Studer, Jannis Wallau, R. Ingold, Andreas Fischer","doi":"10.1109/SDS49233.2020.00021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDS49233.2020.00021","url":null,"abstract":"With the rise of graph neural networks, sometimes also referred to as geometric deep learning, a range of new types of network layers have been introduced. Since this is a very recent development, the design of new architectures relies a lot on intuition and trial-and-error. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of adding graph pooling layers to a network, which down-sample graphs, and evaluate the performance on three different datasets. We find that especially for smaller graphs, adding pooling layers should be done with caution, as they can have a negative effect on the overall performance.","PeriodicalId":136287,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th Swiss Conference on Data Science (SDS)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127066733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparative Assessment and Synthesis of Twenty Ethics Codes on AI and Big Data","authors":"M. Loi, Christoph Heitz, M. Christen","doi":"10.1109/SDS49233.2020.00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDS49233.2020.00015","url":null,"abstract":"Up to date, more than 80 codes exist for handling ethical risks of artificial intelligence and big data. In this paper, we analyse where those codes converge and where they differ. Based on an in-depth analysis of 20 guidelines, we identify three procedural action types (1. control and document, 2. inform, 3. assign responsibility) as well as four clusters of ethical values whose promotion or protection is supported by the procedural activities. We achieve a synthesis of previous approaches with a framework of seven principles, combining the four principles of biomedical ethics with three distinct procedural principles: control, transparency and accountability.","PeriodicalId":136287,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th Swiss Conference on Data Science (SDS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123668001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SDS 2020 TOC","authors":"Yasamin Eslahi, Jannis Wallau","doi":"10.1109/sds49233.2020.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sds49233.2020.00004","url":null,"abstract":"DARE2HACK: Crowdsourcing Ideas Through Hackathons to CoDesign new Human-Centric Services 5 Myrna Flores (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Christopher L. Tucci (Imperial College Business School), Matic Golob (Lean Analytics Association), Shaun West (Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts), Doroteja Maklin (Lean Analytics Association), and Oliver Stoll (Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts)","PeriodicalId":136287,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th Swiss Conference on Data Science (SDS)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134076507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lars Vögtlin, Vinaychandran Pondenkandath, R. Ingold
{"title":"Cobra: A CLI Tool To Create And Share Reproducible Projects","authors":"Lars Vögtlin, Vinaychandran Pondenkandath, R. Ingold","doi":"10.1109/SDS49233.2020.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDS49233.2020.00016","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce Cobra: a tool designed to enable quick and intuitive setup of reproducible project environments with the help of known and well-established tools. It can be very hard and frustrating to reproduce project environments during research or reproducing the methods of scientific papers. Our tool enables researchers to easily create reproducible environments and share them among others. Most other frameworks and tools take care of versioning the code, creating code, or managing your data but they do not take into account package versioning. By keeping the code and the package versions in sync we prevent the time-intensive task of reproducing a method environment. Cobra is implemented in Python and interfaces with well-established tools like Git and Anaconda. It is completely open-source and free to use.","PeriodicalId":136287,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th Swiss Conference on Data Science (SDS)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130028467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bravin, Daniel Pfäffli, Sita Mazumder, M. Pouly
{"title":"Automated Smartification of Notices to Airmen","authors":"M. Bravin, Daniel Pfäffli, Sita Mazumder, M. Pouly","doi":"10.1109/SDS49233.2020.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDS49233.2020.00018","url":null,"abstract":"Notices to airmen (NOTAMs) are text messages targeted to pilots to make them aware of short term events and obstacles. Typical examples are military actions in airspaces or closed runways. NOTAMs are written in a strongly compressed format and vocabulary, making the information hard to access for non-trained readers. Smart NOTAM is a commercial service offered by Skyguide that filters irrelevant messages for a specific route or period. Additionally, it converts the messages into a standardized phraseology and removes irrelevant information. Having access to thousands of NOTAMs together with their smartified version, a transformer model was trained and evaluated to automate the currently manual smartification process. NOTAMs contain a large number of factual details such as coordinates or radio frequencies, making the decoding process vulnerable to the inaccurate generation of such details. Therefore, the model was extended by a pointer-network that allows copying words directly from the source text. It achieves a BLEU score above 86% on unseen test data. Visual inspection of fails reveals many ground truth messages written in other languages than English or containing factual details added from other sources.","PeriodicalId":136287,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th Swiss Conference on Data Science (SDS)","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123463724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Flores, M. Golob, Doroteja Maklin, Christopher L. Tucci, S. West, O. Stoll
{"title":"DARE2HACK: Crowdsourcing ideas through hackathons to codesign new human-centric services","authors":"M. Flores, M. Golob, Doroteja Maklin, Christopher L. Tucci, S. West, O. Stoll","doi":"10.1109/SDS49233.2020.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDS49233.2020.00009","url":null,"abstract":"Organizations are continuously looking for ways to transform by adopting new practices and technologies in order to become more competitive. They target business growth by increasing their efficiencies, by improving their internal operations and/or delivering novel value-added products and services. This is not easy to accomplish, as it requires defining a new strategy, changing the way of working, training and engaging employees and interacting with the customers to address different global trends.One major challenge companies are facing is how to shift to collaboratively designing new services enabled by digital technologies, integrating talent from an ecosystem of experts. To design new services, organizations can start by reflecting on how they currently execute their innovation process. This latter is all about transforming ideas, data and knowledge into products or services launched successfully to the market. To accelerate their performance, organizations have been changing their practices, from working exclusively in-house to openly collaborating with external talent. Crowdsourcing refers to the necessary activities to collect “out-of-the-box” ideas in order to benefit from the collective brainpower of diverse entrepreneurial individuals and/or their own employees. A Hackathon could be defined as a crowd-sourcing contest, in which a diverse talented crowd is asked to solve a business challenge within 1 to 2 days and only the winners receive compensation or an award. Although hackathons originally focused on coding, lately organizations have been increasingly organizing them to solve business challenges while applying customer-centric approaches such as Design Thinking. This paper provides the foundations to link these approaches and provide insights about a hackathon that enabled innovation experts from different organizations to provide their ideas and identify key services to be delivered by an innovation hub.","PeriodicalId":136287,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th Swiss Conference on Data Science (SDS)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121493618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uncertainty with deep learning: a practical view on out of distribution detection","authors":"Daniel Siegismund, S. Heyse, Stephan Steigele","doi":"10.1109/SDS49233.2020.00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDS49233.2020.00025","url":null,"abstract":"Discriminative neural networks eventually fail when confronted with data that was not part of the distribution of the training data samples. Moreover, out of distribution (OOD) data points are frequently ill-predicted, which can lead to misleading results and interpretation, especially in real-world applications of such decision systems. Recently, several methods had been developed to tackle this problem. These studies often rely on quality parameters, deduced by theoretical considerations, rather than real world challenges. In this work, we explain practical considerations and test five methods for OOD detection by comparing the achievable result quality and computational cost of obtaining these results.","PeriodicalId":136287,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th Swiss Conference on Data Science (SDS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129871318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Lu, Christian Dollfus, T. Wozniak, Matthes Fleck
{"title":"Intelligent Branding for Less Well-Known Enterprises by Matching Culture Values of Employers and Candidates","authors":"G. Lu, Christian Dollfus, T. Wozniak, Matthes Fleck","doi":"10.1109/SDS49233.2020.00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDS49233.2020.00010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops and tests a novel employer branding toolset by applying state-of-the-art data science and machine learning techniques to a unique dataset on candidates’ culture preferences. The aim of this toolset is to intelligently brand less well-known enterprises by matching the culture values of employers and candidates. In this context, the culture correlation tool compares and ranks the culture preferences of candidates in order to correlate them for an optimized employer branding. The employer clustering tool represents a grouping mechanism, which joins similar companies and organizations regarding their intrinsic culture characteristics, and matches candidates and employers having equivalent culture values. The culture recommender refers to a machine learning based model performing culture recommendations to candidates leveraging selectable attributes, i.e. “Netflix-style” recommendation of employers to candidates. The job predictor predicts how soon a job opening will be filled within our culture recommendation framework, indicating market trends for, e.g., industry sectors and companies. The findings of this study enhance the market competitiveness of less well-known enterprises in acquiring talents with suited culture background.","PeriodicalId":136287,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th Swiss Conference on Data Science (SDS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124714561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}