Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Mucosal Healing in Crohn’s Disease: Bull’s Eye or Bust? The “Relative” Con Position","authors":"M. Mosli, T. AlAmeel, A. Sharara","doi":"10.1159/000519731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519731","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Crohn’s disease is a progressive inflammatory bowel disease. Persistent untreated inflammation can cumulatively result in bowel damage in the form of strictures, fistulas, and fibrosis, which can ultimately result in the need for major abdominal surgery. Mucosal healing has emerged as an attractive, yet ambitious goal in the hope of preventing long-term complications. Summary: Clinical remission is an inadequate measure of disease activity. Noninvasive markers such as fecal calprotectin, CRP, or small bowel ultrasound are useful adjunct tools. However, endoscopic assessment remains the cornerstone in building a treatment plan. Achieving complete mucosal healing has proved to be an elusive goal even in the ideal setting of a clinical trial. Key Messages: Aiming for complete mucosal healing in all patients may result in overuse of medications, higher costs, and potential side effects of aggressive immunosuppressive treatment. More practical goals such as relative or partial healing, for example, 50% improvement in inflammation and reduction in size of ulcers, ought to be considered, particularly in difficult-to-treat populations.","PeriodicalId":13605,"journal":{"name":"Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases","volume":"99 1","pages":"42 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85820954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmural Inflammation, Ileitis, and Granulomas at the Time of Proctocolectomy in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Do Not Predict Future Development of Pouchitis.","authors":"Edward L Barnes,&nbsp;Joshua Hudson,&nbsp;Scott Esckilsen,&nbsp;Bharati Kochar,&nbsp;Michael D Kappelman,&nbsp;Millie D Long,&nbsp;Mark Koruda,&nbsp;Robert S Sandler,&nbsp;Hans H Herfarth","doi":"10.1159/000519325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The most common complication following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is pouchitis. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between histopathologic findings of ileitis, granuloma, or transmural inflammation on the colectomy specimen of patients with clinically and endoscopically diagnosed UC and the development of pouchitis within the first 2 years after IPAA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective cohort study evaluating patients undergoing colectomy with IPAA for UC between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2016. Bivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between clinical factors and the development of pouchitis. We performed multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between histologic, clinical, and demographic factors at the time of colectomy and subsequent development of pouchitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 626 patients, pouchitis occurred in 246 (39%). Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis were more likely to develop pouchitis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-7.72), as were patients with a family history of inflammatory bowel disease (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.11-2.77). Histologic findings of ileitis, granuloma, or transmural inflammation were not associated with an increased odds of developing pouchitis (aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.45-1.08).</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>Patients with ileitis, granulomas, or transmural inflammation at the time of colectomy were not at greater risk for development of pouchitis in the 2 years after IPAA. These pathological findings should not preclude IPAA for UC.</p>","PeriodicalId":13605,"journal":{"name":"Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases","volume":"6 4","pages":"210-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8739936/pdf/iid-0006-0210.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39863392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epithelial-Specific TLR4 Knockout Challenges Current Evidence of TLR4 Homeostatic Control of Gut Permeability.","authors":"Elise E Crame,&nbsp;Joanne M Bowen,&nbsp;Kate R Secombe,&nbsp;Janet K Coller,&nbsp;Maxime François,&nbsp;Wayne Leifert,&nbsp;Hannah R Wardill","doi":"10.1159/000519200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a highly conserved immunosurveillance protein of innate immunity, displaying well-established roles in homeostasis and intestinal inflammation. Current evidence shows complex relationships between TLR4 activation, maintenance of health, and disease progression; however, it commonly overlooks the importance of site-specific TLR4 expression. This omission has the potential to influence translation of results as previous evidence shows the differing and distinct roles that TLR4 exhibits are dependent on its spatiotemporal expression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An intestinal epithelial TLR4 conditional knockout (KO) mouse line (<i>Tlr4</i>^<i>ΔIEC</i>, <i>n</i> = 6-8) was utilized to dissect the contribution of epithelial TLR4 expression to intestinal homeostasis with comparisons to wild-type (WT) (<i>n</i> = 5-7) counterparts. Functions of the intestinal barrier in the ileum and colon were assessed with tissue resistance in Ussing chambers. Molecular and structural comparisons in the ileum and colon were assessed via histological staining, expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and zonular occludin 1 [ZO-1]), and presence of CD11b-positive immune cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no impact of the intestinal epithelial TLR4 KO, with no differences in (1) tissue resistance-ileum (mean ± standard error of mean [SEM]): WT 22 ± 7.2 versus <i>Tlr4</i>^<i>ΔIEC</i> 20 ± 5.6 (Ω × cm²) <i>p</i> = 0.831, colon WT 30.8 ± 3.6 versus <i>Tlr4</i>^<i>ΔIEC</i> 45.1 ± 9.5 <i>p</i> = 0.191; (2) histological staining (overall tissue structure); and (3) tight junction protein expression (% area stain, mean ± SEM)-ZO-1: ileum-WT 1.49 ± 0.155 versus <i>Tlr4</i>^<i>ΔIEC</i> 1.17 ± 0.07, <i>p</i> = 0.09; colon-WT 1.36 ± 0.26 versus <i>Tlr4</i>^<i>ΔIEC</i> 1.12 ± 0.18 <i>p</i> = 0.47; occludin: ileum-WT 1.07 ± 0.12 versus <i>Tlr4</i>^<i>ΔIEC</i> 0.95 ± 0.13, <i>p</i> = 0.53; colon-WT 1.26 ± 0.26 versus <i>Tlr4</i>^<i>ΔIEC</i> 1.02 ± 0.16 <i>p</i> = 0.45. CD11b-positive immune cells (% area stain, mean ± SEM) in the ileum were mildly decreased in WT mice: WT 0.14 ± 0.02 versus <i>Tlr4</i>^<i>ΔIEC</i> 0.09 ± 0.01 <i>p</i> = 0.04. However, in the colon, there was no difference in CD11b-positive immune cells between strains: WT 0.53 ± 0.08 versus <i>Tlr4</i>^<i>ΔIEC</i> 0.49 ± 0.08 <i>p</i> = 0.73.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data have 2 important implications. First, these data refute the assumption that epithelial TLR4 exerts physiological control of intestinal physiology and immunity in health. Second, and most importantly, these data support the use of the <i>Tlr4</i>^<i>ΔIEC</i> line in future models interrogating health and disease, confirming no confounding effects of genetic manipulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13605,"journal":{"name":"Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases","volume":"6 4","pages":"199-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8739639/pdf/iid-0006-0199.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39863391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence, Prevalence, and Clinical Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Arab World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mahmoud Mosli,&nbsp;Sameer Alawadhi,&nbsp;Fuad Hasan,&nbsp;Antoine Abou Rached,&nbsp;Faisal Sanai,&nbsp;Silvio Danese","doi":"10.1159/000518003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000518003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Despite the recent findings of the rising incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Arab countries, there are limited data on the characteristics of IBD patients and the disease course in the Arab world. This systematic review aimed to investigate the incidence and epidemiology of IBD in the Arab world.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic literature review that utilized a comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Central, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from their inception till August 2020. We included cross-sectional, prospective, and retrospective studies that examined the prevalence and/or epidemiological characteristics of IBD in Arab countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 studies that examined IBD in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Lebanon, and Oman were included. Generally, the included studies covered the period from the early 1990s to the late 2010s. A total of 1,627 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 1,588 Crohn's disease (CD) patients were included in this systematic review. The mean age at diagnosis ranged from 24.13 to 43.6 years in adult cases and from 4.5 to 16 years in pediatric cases. In most of the included studies, the majority of patients were male. The quantitative analysis revealed a pooled incidence rate of 2.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-3.4) per 100,000 persons per year for UC in the Arab world. Likewise, the pooled incidence rate for CD in the Arab world was 1.46 (95% CI 1.03-1.89) per 100,000 persons per year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a growing incidence of IBD in the Arab world, while IBD patients from Arab countries may present with some different characteristics, compared to their counterparts in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":13605,"journal":{"name":"Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases","volume":"6 3","pages":"123-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8527904/pdf/iid-0006-0123.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39833230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proactive versus Reactive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Why, When, and How?","authors":"Manar Shmais, M. Regueiro, Jana G Hashash","doi":"10.1159/000518755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000518755","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Up to a third of inflammatory bowel disease) patients show primary nonresponse to antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) biological therapy, and of those who respond, up to 40% develop secondary loss of response (LOR). Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) plays a crucial role in assessing patients with LOR to guide therapy by giving more of the drug or switching to a different biological agent. Although reactive TDM is suggested or recommended by the majority of gastroenterology associations, proactive TDM seems to be more controversial. Summary: In this article, we discuss the updated guidelines on TDM and will also discuss the available data supporting proactive and reactive TDM in patients with Crohn’s disease and those with ulcerative colitis using the different available biological agents. Key Messages: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a valuable tool to aid in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy optimization. Reactive TDM is widely accepted in IBD patients with suspected loss of response, especially in those receiving antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents. Proactive TDM is emerging as a reasonable approach to patients initiated on anti-TNF therapy, specifically infliximab and, to some extent, adalimumab, particularly for patients with severe ulcerative colitis and fistulizing Crohn’s disease. Similarly, TDM may play a role in patients considering de-escalation from combination therapy. To date, proactive TDM is not widely applied to ustekinumab and vedolizumab and more data are required before this becomes part of clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":13605,"journal":{"name":"Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases","volume":"53 1","pages":"50 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76208148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"5-Aminosalicylic Acid Chemoprevention in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Is It Necessary in the Age of Biologics and Small Molecules?","authors":"H. Herfarth, S. Vavricka","doi":"10.1159/000518865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000518865","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to the increased incidence of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), the value of chemoprevention for this patient group has been repeatedly debated in the past decade. This review describes available evidence and the current recommendations for chemoprevention in national and international guidelines IBD guidelines. Summary: 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) compounds are the preferred therapeutic option for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). Aside from the known anti-inflammatory effects, their chemopreventive abilities have been described in vitro and in vivo. Pooling the increasing number of retrospective and population-based clinical studies over the last 15 years, 7 consecutive meta-analyses revealed partially conflicting results for the chemopreventive efficacy of 5-ASA, and thus, not all IBD guidelines currently recommend chemoprevention with mesalamine compounds. Accumulating evidence for decreasing the colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in support of thiopurines more recently shows a protective effect. This effect seems solely mediated by control of intestinal inflammation since, for this drug class, another mechanistic interference in IBD-associated CRC pathogenesis is not known. The results regarding chemopreventive efficacy for ursodeoxycholic acid or folic acid are equivocal, and the use of these medications to prevent CRC is not firmly established. Like UC, the risk of CRC is also significantly increased in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), especially Crohn’s colitis. However, no published studies exclusively assess the effects of surveillance on the early detection of cancer or CRC chemoprevention in CD patients. In meta-analyses, which predominantly included UC patients, 5-ASA or thiopurines were not beneficial in small CD subgroups. The level of evidence for anti-TNFα agents, anti-integrin (e.g., vedolizumab), or anti-IL-12/IL-23 agents (e.g., ustekinumab) and Janus kinase inhibitors is currently too low or nonexistent to use them solely for chemoprevention in UC or CD patients. Key Message: Intestinal inflammation is one of the main risk factors for developing CRC in IBD, and all drugs that induce and maintain mucosal healing most likely also decrease the IBD-associated CRC risk. Thus, a therapeutic strategy of adding a 5-ASA therapy to a successfully mucosal healing-inducing therapy, for example, with a biologic or a small molecule merely to prevent CRC appears to be obsolete.","PeriodicalId":13605,"journal":{"name":"Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases","volume":"56 1","pages":"28 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90728281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Long-Term Prognosis in Japanese Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Treated with New Therapeutic Agents and the Correlation between Prognosis and Disease Susceptibility Loci.","authors":"Kasumi Hishinuma,&nbsp;Rintaro Moroi,&nbsp;Daisuke Okamoto,&nbsp;Yusuke Shimoyama,&nbsp;Masatake Kuroha,&nbsp;Hisashi Shiga,&nbsp;Yoichi Kakuta,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Kinouchi,&nbsp;Atsushi Masamune","doi":"10.1159/000518371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000518371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>New therapeutic agents, including biologics and small-molecule drugs, are widely used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). This study evaluates long-term prognosis in Japanese patients treated with these agents and the association between prognosis and genetic susceptibility to UC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated surgery-free rates using the Kaplan-Meier method in the total cohort and in patients treated with prednisolone and new therapeutic agents. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify clinical factors affecting surgical rates using Cox's proportional hazard model. The rate of use of new therapeutic agents was compared using the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate analysis was conducted to investigate the correlation between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs117506082 and long-term prognosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surgery-free survival decreased over time. There was no significant difference in this parameter between patients who were administered prednisolone and those who were administered new therapeutic agents. Poor response to prednisolone and treatment without topical 5-aminosalicylic acid were poor prognostic factors. Shorter time from diagnosis to initiation of treatment with new therapeutic agents was a risk factor for colectomy. The AA genotype of SNP rs117506082 was associated with a shorter time to surgery and increased use of new therapeutic agents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of new therapeutic agents might improve long-term prognosis in patients with more severe UC. Previously identified genetic risk factors were not significantly associated with a higher rate of colectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13605,"journal":{"name":"Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases","volume":"6 3","pages":"154-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8527903/pdf/iid-0006-0154.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39847232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front & Back Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000519760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519760","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13605,"journal":{"name":"Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases","volume":"460 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80135115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Serum Creatine Kinase Levels in Infliximab and Vedolizumab-Treated Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.","authors":"Manuel Sutter,&nbsp;Petr Hruz,&nbsp;Jan Hendrik Niess","doi":"10.1159/000518264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000518264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>TNF inhibitors are relatively safe drugs, but asymptomatic infliximab-induced high serum creatine kinase (CK) levels have been reported in >30% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Whether high serum CK levels are a specific effect of treatment with TNF inhibitors has not been studied in detail. CK levels were therefore compared between infliximab- and vedolizumab-treated IBD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective, monocentric study, 131 IBD cases (82 with Crohn's disease (CD), 49 with ulcerative colitis) of the Basel University Hospital IBD cohort treated either with infliximab or vedolizumab were included. Serum samples for measuring CK, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), and fecal calprotectin (FCal) levels were collected longitudinally and analyzed using mixed additive models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences in CK levels between infliximab and vedolizumab-treated patients were observed over time. Infliximab-treated males, however, showed significantly higher CK levels than females and former smokers treated with infliximab showed significantly lower CK levels than nonsmokers. No such differences were observed in vedolizumab-treated patients. LDH and CRP were not significantly different between infliximab- and vedolizumab-treated patients, while adjusted groups showed substantially higher LDH levels with increasing age and significantly lower LDH levels in patients with longer disease duration. Infliximab patients with CD showed significantly lower CRP. However, significantly higher FCal concentrations were noted in infliximab patients independent of diagnosis, gender, disease duration, smoking behavior, and age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our cohort, high serum CK levels are not an infliximab- or vedolizumab-specific effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":13605,"journal":{"name":"Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases","volume":"6 3","pages":"165-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8527910/pdf/iid-0006-0165.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39847233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Endoscopic Disease Activity in Ulcerative Colitis: Is Simplicity the Ultimate Sophistication?","authors":"A. Sharara, Maher Malaeb, M. Lenfant, M. Ferrante","doi":"10.1159/000518131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000518131","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Endoscopic remission is an increasingly recognized important therapeutic endpoint in the management of patients with UC. Summary: The Mayo Endoscopic Score (MES) remains the most common endoscopic index recommended in guidelines and widely used in clinical trials and in clinical practice. The MES is easy, simple, and practical but is suboptimal at providing an accurate depiction of segmental healing and/or at measuring a substantial but incomplete response across the spectrum of endoscopic inflammation. Other endoscopic scores have been proposed but have not received wide recognition or adoption.","PeriodicalId":13605,"journal":{"name":"Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":"7 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83144467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}