{"title":"Robust encoderless speed control of a synchronous machine by direct evaluation of the back-EMF angle without observer","authors":"D. Paulus, J. Stumper, P. Landsmann, R. Kennel","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2010.5542810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2010.5542810","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an encoderless field-oriented control scheme for a permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) based on the back-EMF voltage. A polar stator coordinate representation is used to design a simple and robust position and speed estimator. The angle of the rotor is directly calculated based on stator current and voltage measurements as well as on knowledge of stator resistance and stator inductance. The estimated angle is filtered and used directly for current and torque control. Furthermore, an algebraic equation to estimate the speed is proposed. The direct estimation scheme is shown to be robust to parametric uncertainties and easily extendable with filters to cope with measurement noise. The estimator outputs are driftless, even under parametric offsets and without any feedback compensation. As advantages, there is no need to design an asymptotic observer, the parametric robustness is improved, there is no open-loop integration and no complicated tuning of feedback mechanisms, and the dynamics are very good. The scheme is validated experimentally.","PeriodicalId":136017,"journal":{"name":"2010 First Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127009778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. García, J. Guerrero, I. El-Sayed, F. Briz, D. Reigosa
{"title":"Carrier signal injection alternatives for sensorless control of active magnetic bearings","authors":"P. García, J. Guerrero, I. El-Sayed, F. Briz, D. Reigosa","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2010.5542800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2010.5542800","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes different forms of carrier (high frequency) excitation for sensorless control of three-pole active magnetic bearings. Three options are compared: rotating injection, pulsating injection at a fixed angular position, and pulsating injection at an angular position synchronous to the minimum reluctance axis. Criteria for comparison include sensitivity to displacement changes, parameter and operating point dependence and signal processing burden for signal isolation. Theoretical derivations, simulation results and experimental results are included. The system model and the practical implementation will be shown to share similarities with high frequency injection sensorless methods for AC machines but also to have significant differences mainly on how pulsating carrier signals are used.","PeriodicalId":136017,"journal":{"name":"2010 First Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126452197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Encoderless field-oriented control of a synchronous reluctance machine with a direct estimator","authors":"J. Stumper, D. Paulus, P. Landsmann, R. Kennel","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2010.5542808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2010.5542808","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a rotor position estimator for encoderless control of a synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM). Because of strong rotor saliency, the magnetic flux generated by the stator currents is deviated and induces an orthogonal position-dependent voltage at nonzero speed. Exploiting this effect, the mechanical angle is directly calculated based on a linearized model in stator coordinates, avoiding use of an asymptotic observer and initial position information. The influence of parametric uncertainties and of nonlinearities on position accuracy is analyzed. A stability proof is provided for closed-loop encoderless field-oriented current control with proportional controllers under uncertainties. Even through the model parameters are linearized in an arbitrary setpoint, the control scheme is stable in a wide operation range. Encoderless startup is possible. Experimental results are provided.","PeriodicalId":136017,"journal":{"name":"2010 First Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131204635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Alberti, N. Bianchi, S. Bolognani, E. Fornasiero
{"title":"IM rotor parameters analysis with an intentionally created saliency","authors":"L. Alberti, N. Bianchi, S. Bolognani, E. Fornasiero","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2010.5542794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2010.5542794","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the analysis of induction motor (IM) with an intentionally created saliency, rearranging the rotor bar geometry, so as to allows a sensorless detection of the IM rotor position. A finite element (FE) procedure, based on the d- and q-axis model of the IM, is used to compute the d-and q-axis parameters of the machine. The proposed procedure is useful for both analysis and design of the machine evaluating the sensorless control capability of the IM. The FE procedure focuses on the prediction of the IM parameters variation, the effect of slot harmonics, and the impact of the rotor skewing on the rotor parameter.","PeriodicalId":136017,"journal":{"name":"2010 First Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127156575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new proposal of rotor position estimation in IPM motor drives based on PWM current harmonics","authors":"A. Faggion, S. Bolognani","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2010.5542797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2010.5542797","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigates successfully the possibility of extract rotor position information of Interior Permanent Motors from PWM current harmonic contents. To this aim, a general description of PWM voltage harmonics is at first given. Current harmonics are then derived assuming an anisotropic rotor. It is proved that rotor position information can be derived if single edge PWM is adopted. A speed and position estimation scheme is illustrated and the new rotor position estimation technique is then validated by simulations.","PeriodicalId":136017,"journal":{"name":"2010 First Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129765361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Saliency tracking based sensorless control of AC machines exploiting inverter switching transients","authors":"P. Nussbaumer, T. Wolbank","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2010.5542793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2010.5542793","url":null,"abstract":"Control of ac machines at zero frequency usually requires the presence of a rotor speed sensor. Sensorless control is so far possible around zero frequency when exploiting inherent saliencies of the machine. Current techniques use injected high frequency signals or the machine's step response to extract and identify magnitude and position of inherent saliencies. In this paper, a new method is presented to determine the inherent asymmetries using only the information provided during the switching transients of the machine current. While known techniques need an injected high frequency voltage, specific switching patterns, or modifications in the PWM scheme to exploit the current reaction, the proposed method is able to extract the necessary information from the transient current signal that directly follows the steep voltage change of the switching transition. Thus, the standard PWM scheme can be applied without modifications. Measurement results are presented to show the influence of the saliencies on the switching transition current ripple.","PeriodicalId":136017,"journal":{"name":"2010 First Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125516188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Differential magnetic anisotropy - prerequisite for rotor position detection of PM-synchronous machines with signal injection methods","authors":"I. Hahn","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2010.5542803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2010.5542803","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that rotor position detection at very low speed and at standstill is only possible with signal injection methods, because at vanishing speed the different methods using the induced voltage (back EMF methods) are not suitable. All signal injection methods need as a prerequisite the existence of a magnetic anisotropy of the machine over a wide range of operating conditions. This document presents first the basic theory of electrical machines to derive the needed machine properties which are the prerequisite for rotor position detection at standstill with signal injection methods. Different machine designs with concentrated windings will be analyzed in view of the differential magnetic anisotropy by means of finite element field calculations. Results from prototype measurements will also be presented and compared with the theoretical findings.","PeriodicalId":136017,"journal":{"name":"2010 First Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127468234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sensorless control of five-phase brushless DC motors","authors":"C. Olivieri, G. Fabri, M. Tursini","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2010.5542805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2010.5542805","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper shows a rotor position estimation technique for a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor based on a back-EMF observer, focusing the attention on the design criteria that could be used to construct the sensorless strategy. Due to the polyphase structure of the machine this estimation method deals with a proper linear transformation which allows representing the five-phase motor through an equivalent two-phase model. After a short overview on the back-EMF model for the five-phase motor, the linear transformation and the observer-based estimation technique are presented. The analysis emphasizes on the choice of the observation dynamics through a proper design strategy of the related gain matrix and on some robustness criteria useful to enhance the sensorless strategy. Simulation and experimental results showing the response of the observer during transient and steady-state operation are presented.","PeriodicalId":136017,"journal":{"name":"2010 First Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123865720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reducing the parameter dependency of Encoderless Predictive Torque Control for reluctance machines","authors":"P. Landsmann, D. Paulus, P. Stolze, R. Kennel","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2010.5542798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2010.5542798","url":null,"abstract":"Encoderless Predictive Torque Control without Signal Injection utilizes internal information of a predictive torque controller to obtain the angle of the rotor saliency. When applying this approach to the reluctance machine the circulation of the current caused by the rotation of the strong saliency needs to be compensated by a parameter dependent term. This paper presents a new technique for compensating the circulation without knowledge of machine parameters. As a result the encoderless control scheme is free of motor parameters and the Predictive Torque Controller gains robustness. The approach is derived mathematically for a reluctance machine and verified with measurement results.","PeriodicalId":136017,"journal":{"name":"2010 First Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129966971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Beineke, J. Schirmer, J. Lutz, H. Wertz, A. Bahr, J. Kiel
{"title":"Implementation and applications of sensorless control for synchronous machines in industrial inverters","authors":"S. Beineke, J. Schirmer, J. Lutz, H. Wertz, A. Bahr, J. Kiel","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2010.5542802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2010.5542802","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the state of the art of implementations and applications of sensorless control in industrial frequency inverters. Implementations for speed and position controlled drives are shown using either EMF based flux estimators or an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) with signal injection to evaluate the saliencies of the machines for speed and position detection. Applications are presented for both methods, and it is discussed why the numbers of industrial applications are limited today and in which application fields the propagation of sensorless drives can be extended.","PeriodicalId":136017,"journal":{"name":"2010 First Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128456648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}