Magnesium - The Wonder Element for Engineering/Biomedical Applications最新文献

Introductory Chapter: An Insight into Fascinating Potential of Magnesium 导论章:对镁的迷人潜力的洞察

Magnesium - The Wonder Element for Engineering/Biomedical Applications Pub Date : 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90866

S. Tekumalla, M. Gupta

{"title":"Introductory Chapter: An Insight into Fascinating Potential of Magnesium","authors":"S. Tekumalla, M. Gupta","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90866","url":null,"abstract":"The name, magnesium (Mg), was derived from an ancient city in Greece called “Magnesia”where magnesium carbonate was first discovered. It was first isolated in its elemental form by English chemist Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 [1]. In the earth’s crust, magnesium is the sixth most abundant element and occurs in over 60 different minerals with at least 20% of Mg within them. Most commercially important of these minerals include dolomite, magnesite, brucite, and carnallite. Principally, magnesium is extracted from its minerals using a thermal reduction process [2]. Magnesium is also the third most abundant metal ion in seawater. Despite magnesium being only 0.13% of seawater, seawater remains an almost inexhaustible source for its extraction. Magnesium is extracted from seawater or brine using the electrolytic process of magnesium chloride [2]. Of the two extraction processes, the thermal reduction process is known to yield a higher purity of 99.99%, while the electrolysis process can achieve purity limited to 99.8%. Until the 1990s, the USA and Canada dominated the production of magnesium; however, the industrial revolution in China in the late 1990s turned the tables for magnesium production due to its lower operational (energy and labor) costs. It is estimated that 85% of the global magnesium production is currently done by China, and most of the remainder is produced by Russia, Turkey, Spain, Austria, etc. [3].","PeriodicalId":135960,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium - The Wonder Element for Engineering/Biomedical Applications","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123976328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Fatigue of Magnesium-Based Materials 镁基材料的疲劳

Magnesium - The Wonder Element for Engineering/Biomedical Applications Pub Date : 2020-01-29 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.85226

J. Albinmousa

{"title":"Fatigue of Magnesium-Based Materials","authors":"J. Albinmousa","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.85226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85226","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium alloys and metal matrix composites (MMCs) are attractive materials for biomedical application. Magnesium has a module of elasticity that is close to that of human bones and it is biocompatible with the human body. Human body fluids make a corrosive environment to magnesium. In addition, different body parts are subjected to cyclic loading reaching a magnitude of about 80 MPa and an estimated total of 106 cycles per year. Therefore, understanding the fatigue behavior of magnesium alloys and magnesium metal matrix composites (MMCs) is an essential aspect especially when they are used as load bearing components. Magnesium has a hexagonal closed-packed (HCP) lattice structure with a c/a ratio of 1.623, and it does not have enough independent slip systems to sustain large plastic deformation. Therefore, magnesium deforms plastically by two different mechanisms: slipping and twinning. Twinning-detwinning deformation is manifested in the cyclic stress-strain response of wrought magnesium alloys when loaded along the working direction. A significant stress asymmetry is usually observed resulting in the devel-opment of high mean stress. Research on magnesium and its alloys is rapidly increasing. This chapter presents different aspects of fatigue, in general, and on magnesium in particular, including experimental method, damage models and fatigue life equation.","PeriodicalId":135960,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium - The Wonder Element for Engineering/Biomedical Applications","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126710431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Severely Plastic Deformed Magnesium Based Alloys 严重塑性变形镁基合金

Magnesium - The Wonder Element for Engineering/Biomedical Applications Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.88778

Ramesh Kumar Subramanian, Arun Kumar Srirangan, SreeArravind Mani

{"title":"Severely Plastic Deformed Magnesium Based Alloys","authors":"Ramesh Kumar Subramanian, Arun Kumar Srirangan, SreeArravind Mani","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.88778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88778","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium can be replaced with materials which experience strain controlled fatigue in their respective applications. Still, there are infrequent predicaments with utilizing magnesium alloys, comprising lower strength, fatigue life, ductility, tough-ness, and creep resistant attributes correlate with aluminum alloys. Some recent studies have been affirming that through the severe plastic deformation process, particularly equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) method promotes very significant ultra-grain refinement in bulk solids, which enhances the mechanical properties. ECAP with a 90° clockwise rotation around the billet axis between consecutive passes in route B C has improved the ductile characteristics with increased yield strength and rate of elongation which leads to a greater fatigue life because ultra-fine grain refinement can be able to resist the crack propagations. To attain the plasticity at higher temperature magnesium and its alloys are required to undergo extrusion operation before proceeding to the multiple pass ECAP at 200°C because the magnesium alloys exhibit a limited number of slip systems due to its hexagonal crystal structure.","PeriodicalId":135960,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium - The Wonder Element for Engineering/Biomedical Applications","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124623288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Magnesium-Based Materials for Hydrogen Storage: Microstructural Properties 镁基储氢材料:微观结构性能

Magnesium - The Wonder Element for Engineering/Biomedical Applications Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.88679

R. Kondo, Takeshita T. Hiroyuki

{"title":"Magnesium-Based Materials for Hydrogen Storage: Microstructural Properties","authors":"R. Kondo, Takeshita T. Hiroyuki","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.88679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88679","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium (Mg) is hydrogenated as core-shell-type hydride. Therefore, increase of absorption capacity to the theoretical hydrogen capacity is still one of the most important issues for the hydrogen storage materials. In this study, the procedure of the core-shell structure as well as effect of Al concentration in Mg on the growth MgH2 in Mg were investigated. MgH2 was formed on the surface as well as inside of unreacted Mg core. The inside MgH2 was formed in a granular form on Mg grain boundary and its size increased by applying plastic deformation. Thickness of the surface MgH2 and size of the internal MgH2 increased with an increase in hydrogenation time until the hydride surface was completely covered with MgH2. However, the growth of the surface and internal MgH2 came to a halt after the surface was covered with MgH2. From these results, supplying H from metal side was dominantly contributed for growth of the surface and internal MgH2 because diffusion rate of H in Mg was much higher than that in MgH2. In addi tion, the growth of internal MgH2 as well as control of surface MgH2 can contribute to the promotion of the complete hydrogenation of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials.","PeriodicalId":135960,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium - The Wonder Element for Engineering/Biomedical Applications","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122596868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Dissimilar Welding and Joining of Magnesium Alloys: Principles and Application 镁合金异种焊接:原理与应用

Magnesium - The Wonder Element for Engineering/Biomedical Applications Pub Date : 2019-04-23 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85111

Kavian Omar Cooke, A. Alhazaa, A. Atieh

{"title":"Dissimilar Welding and Joining of Magnesium Alloys: Principles and Application","authors":"Kavian Omar Cooke, A. Alhazaa, A. Atieh","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85111","url":null,"abstract":"The growing concerns regarding fuel consumption within the aerospace and transportation industries make the development of fuel-efficient systems a significant engineering challenge. Currently, materials are selected because of their abilities to satisfy engineering demands for good thermal conductivity, strength-to-weight ratio, and tensile strength. These properties make magnesium an excellent option for various industrial or biomedical applications, given that is the lightest structural metal available. The utilization of magnesium alloys, however, requires suitable welding and joining processes that minimizes microstructural changes while maintaining good joint/bond strength. Currently, magnesium are joined using; mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding, brazing, fusion welding processes or diffusion bonding process. Fusion welding is the conventional process used for joining similar metals. However, the application of any welding technique to join dissimilar metals presents additional difficulties, the principal one being; the reaction of the two metals at the joint interface can create intermetallic com pounds that may have unfavorable properties and metallurgical disruptions which dete-riorates the joint performance. This chapter investigates the welding and joining technologies that are currently used to join magnesium alloys with emphasis on the development of multi-material structures for applications in the biomedi cal industries. Multi-material structures often provide the most efficient design solution to engineering challenges.","PeriodicalId":135960,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium - The Wonder Element for Engineering/Biomedical Applications","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130981609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Abrasive Water Jet Cutting: A Risk-Free Technology for Machining Mg-Based Materials 磨料水射流切割:一种加工镁基材料的无风险技术

Magnesium - The Wonder Element for Engineering/Biomedical Applications Pub Date : 2019-03-29 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85209

Niranjan Channagiri Anandatirthachar, S. Srinivas, M. Ramachandra

{"title":"Abrasive Water Jet Cutting: A Risk-Free Technology for Machining Mg-Based Materials","authors":"Niranjan Channagiri Anandatirthachar, S. Srinivas, M. Ramachandra","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85209","url":null,"abstract":"Mg-based materials are considered to be the most machinable of all materials due to their good machinability. Though conventional machining of Mg-based materials is a topic that has been widely discussed, they are associated with ignition issues. Ignition risk in conventional machining of Mg-based materials thus cannot be denied and should be avoided. Literature has witnessed ignition risk when machining temperature reaches above 450°C during turning and milling processes, and some cases are reported with fire hazard. In order to obtain the safest machining atmosphere, abrasive water jet machining, a most desired machining technology for machining Mg-based materials, is discussed in the present chapter. The text covers ignition risk in conventional machining of Mg-based materials, an overview of non-traditional methods for machining Mg-based materials, advantages of abrasive water jet machining over other methods, abrasive water jet linear cutting of Mg alloys and composites, and drilling of Mg alloys. Experimental investigations are carried out to know the effect of abrasive water jet process parameters on machining Mg alloys and Mg nanocomposites. Surface topography of cut surfaces is analyzed. Suitability of abrasive water jet in drilling Mg alloys is justified by com-paring results with holes drilled by conventional drilling and jig boring.","PeriodicalId":135960,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium - The Wonder Element for Engineering/Biomedical Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127888057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Synthesis of Magnesium Based Nano-composites 镁基纳米复合材料的合成

Magnesium - The Wonder Element for Engineering/Biomedical Applications Pub Date : 2019-02-04 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84189

S. Murugan, Q. Nguyen, M. Gupta

引用次数: 3