{"title":"Interactions, iteration and early institutionalization: Competing lessons of GLOBALGAP’s legitimation","authors":"Donal Casey","doi":"10.4337/9781788114738.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788114738.00018","url":null,"abstract":"Since its inception, GLOBALGAP has transformed from an informal grouping of retailers into a highly elaborate regulatory organization. This chapter critically examines GLOBALGAP’s development. It argues that, through an iterative process of legitimation, actual and anticipated interactions with state, market and civil society actors led GLOBALGAP to develop structures, practices and processes that sought to enhance representation and participation of structurally weaker parties such as smallholders, while also addressing concerns relating to the exclusionary effect of its standards. It traces how, as non-state regulatory organizations emerge and develop, they respond to actual and anticipated governance interactions to build, maintain and repair their legitimacy. Crucially, early institutionalization confers power on particular actors, crystallizes an organization’s identity and lays foundations for the achievement of its goals. Consequently, the enduring nature of early institutionalization can temper the potential for governance interactions to advance democracy, justice and fairness within non-state regulatory organizations.","PeriodicalId":135682,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Business Governance Interactions","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115434320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Micro-level interactions in the compliance processes of transnational private governance: The market for Marine Stewardship Council auditors and assessors","authors":"G. Auld, Stefan Renckens","doi":"10.4337/9781788114738.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788114738.00014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135682,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Business Governance Interactions","volume":"51 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132904520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Wood, E. Meidinger, Burkard Eberlein, R. Schmidt, Kenneth W. Abbott
{"title":"Harnessing TBGIs to advance regulatory quality and marginalized actors","authors":"S. Wood, E. Meidinger, Burkard Eberlein, R. Schmidt, Kenneth W. Abbott","doi":"10.4337/9781788114738.00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788114738.00027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135682,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Business Governance Interactions","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127767434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transnational business governance interactions and financial regulation change: A case of Asian financial markets","authors":"Simin Gao, C. Chen","doi":"10.4337/9781788114738.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788114738.00022","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the interactions of transnational business governance schemes regulating the global derivatives markets with multiple levels of interactions. The chapter describes the process of interactions via the theory of isomorphism. First, after examining the interactions of futures exchanges, we identify that governance techniques among futures exchanges are rather similar, illustrating the forces of mimetic and normative isomorphism. Second, the monopoly of the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) scheme in the over-the-counter (OTC) market provides signs of mimetic isomorphism. Third, through imparity of market power and major market dealers, the ISDA scheme became the only governance scheme for the over-the-counter (OTC) market . This shows some signs of coercive isomorphism, though there may also exist a certain degree of divergence of development for certain rules.","PeriodicalId":135682,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Business Governance Interactions","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132912364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transnational business governance interactions in food safety regulation: Exploring the promises and risks of enrolment","authors":"Paul Verbruggen, T. Havinga","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3491838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3491838","url":null,"abstract":"Private actors have assumed an indispensable role in today’s global governance of food safety. One of the most prominent private actors in this domain is the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI), a non-profit industry-led organization that benchmarks private food safety standards with a view to coordinating, converging and ratcheting up existing standards and enhancing compliance with public food safety laws. In this chapter we discuss the unfolding interaction between GFSI and domestic state actors in the regulation of food safety. We offer an empirical account of how and to what extent national food safety agencies in Canada, China and the Netherlands have engaged with GFSI and its benchmarked schemes. We analyse these transnational business governance interactions (TBGIs) using the framework proposed by Kenneth Abbott, Julia Black, Burkard Eberlein, Errol Meidinger and Stepan Wood. We show that the interaction between GFSI and public agencies has developed for different reasons and in different ways, with different results. To critically discuss these findings, and to deepen the TBGI analytical framework, we draw on the concept of enrolment as developed by Julia Black.","PeriodicalId":135682,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Business Governance Interactions","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117076025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transnational delegation, accountability and the administrative governance of biofuel standards","authors":"P. Paiement","doi":"10.4337/9781788114738.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788114738.00020","url":null,"abstract":"The TBGI Project: Transnational initiatives to regulate business activities interact increasingly with each other and with official regulation, generating complex governance ensembles. Heterogeneous actors and institutions interact at multiple levels and in various ways, from mimicry and cooperation to competition and conflict. The TBGI Project investigates the forms, drivers, mechanisms, dynamics, outputs and impacts of transnational business governance interactions (TBGI) from diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives. It is led by Stepan Wood, Professor and Canada Research Chair in Law, Society and Sustainability at the Peter A. Allard School of Law, University of British Columbia. Abstract The European Union’s 2009 Renewable Energy Directive delegated to privately run ‘voluntary schemes’ the task of monitoring biomass production sites and ensuring their compliance with the Directive’s sustainability requirements. This chapter assesses the consequences of the Commission’s delegation for the administrative governance architectures of non-state sustainable biofuel standards operating outside the EU, focusing in particular on the effects this governance interaction has on the involvement of vulnerable stakeholders in the governance of sustainable biofuels. Utilizing the Transnational Business Governance Interactions framework complemented by the theory of governance assemblages, this research provides a meso-level analysis of the character and effects of the EU’s interaction with non-state governance schemes. Drawing on the Commission’s assessment reports of the voluntary schemes with which it works, the chapter concludes that the Commission has avoided its role in reviewing the transparency of these non-state bodies, thereby stimulating the growth of a field of sustainability governance with decreasing levels of accountability and accessibility for vulnerable stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":135682,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Business Governance Interactions","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117130283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Private ordering and transnational social justice: The Forest Stewardship Council’s advocacy of free, prior and informed consent","authors":"Natalie Oman","doi":"10.4337/9781788114738.00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788114738.00024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135682,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Business Governance Interactions","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132522316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transnational governance of innovation in payment services: A case study of the Single Euro Payments Area","authors":"J. Winn","doi":"10.4337/9781788114738.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788114738.00013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the Single Euro Payment Area (SEPA) as a case study of the role transnational business governance interactions (TBGIs) might play at the frontier of innovation in financial services. In 1999, when the EU asked European banks to eliminate barriers to cross-border electronic fund transfers in euros in time for the official launch of the euro in 2001, neither regulators nor banks could have imagined that SEPA would not be completed until 2016. While EU regulators blamed the delay on industry recalcitrance, this chapter explains it as a failure to mobilize TBGIs. EU regulators failed to recognize the public good characteristics of proprietary payment systems, while regulators and banks alike systematically underestimated the difficulty and cost of modernizing banks’ legacy computer systems and re-engineering their business processes. As a result, the emergence of a productive coregulatory relationship in which the EU would catalyze market-driven technical and regulatory innovation was frustrated. The EU became increasingly heavy-handed, rejecting the banks’ cost-recovery proposals, countermanding industry consensus and ultimately stripping the self-regulatory European Payments Council (EPC) of policy-making authority. Without a cost recovery mechanism to incentivize participation, the EPC made glacial progress and could not convince many banks to join SEPA even after it was in place. The chapter suggests that constructive TBGIs can be achieved by treating proprietary market infrastructures as partial public goods and establishing consensus-based co-regulatory processes, but warns that future EU-bank interactions may suffer from the same downward spiral of frustration due to regulators’ unwillingness or inability to factor commercial realities into their policy calculus.","PeriodicalId":135682,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Business Governance Interactions","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130683225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Issue control in transnational business governance interactions","authors":"L. Henriksen, Leonard Seabrooke","doi":"10.4337/9781788114738.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788114738.00016","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that two-level networks of issue professionals and organizations create the obstacles to better regulation and advancement of marginalized interests revealed by other chapters in the book. It identifies four such obstacles: gaps between policy design and implementation; competing interests within standard-setting bodies; power asymmetries in standards adoption; and professionals’ desire for autonomy and issue control. It argues that these obstacles are outcomes of strategic behaviour by issue professionals who network to ensure they control governance of important issues. The chapter analyzes these interactions as a two-level network, comprised of inter-personal and inter-organizational networks. This analysis helps explain how regulatory capacities are developed and distributed, and why efforts to harness transnational business governance interactions (TBGIs) often falter.","PeriodicalId":135682,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Business Governance Interactions","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132536927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can non-state regulatory authority improve domestic forest sustainability? Assessing interactive pathways of influence in Cameroon","authors":"S. Carodenuto, B. Cashore","doi":"10.14288/1.0372500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0372500","url":null,"abstract":"The TBGI Project: Transnational initiatives to regulate business activities interact increasingly with each other and with official regulation, generating complex governance ensembles. Heterogeneous actors and institutions interact at multiple levels and in various ways, from mimicry and cooperation to competition and conflict. The TBGI Project investigates the forms, drivers, mechanisms, dynamics, outputs and impacts of transnational business governance interactions (TBGI) from diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives. It is led by Stepan Wood, Professor and Canada Research Chair in Law, Society and Sustainability at the Peter A. Allard School of Law, University of British Columbia.","PeriodicalId":135682,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Business Governance Interactions","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114799039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}