Acta Agronómica最新文献

{"title":"Evaluación de la sostenibilidad socio-económica en fincas productoras de cacao en el centro-norte de Ecuador: una propuesta de estrategias inter-organizacionales","authors":"Carlos Moreno Miranda, Mayra Liliana Paredes, Jenny Elizabeth Escobar Guerrero, José Isaac Molina Sánchez","doi":"10.15446/acag.v70n2.85876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v70n2.85876","url":null,"abstract":"La sostenibilidad socio-económica de la cadena productiva de cacao es muy relevante en las agendas público-privadas del Ecuador. La presente investigación se centra en proponer estrategias inter-organizacionales mediante la identificación de actores y actividades claves, un análisis de desempeño socio-económico y la caracterización de mecanismos que gobiernan la dinámica de la cadena. Para su efecto, en tres etapas, se encuestaron jefes de pequeñas fincas productoras localizadas en la provincia de Cotopaxi, cantón La Maná. El mayor desafío de esta red productiva se centra en los sistemas de producción de tipo convencional y la comercialización informal de la almendra. Se evidenció a través de datos de entidades públicas la existencia de amenazas y debilidades en su desempeño. Los factores analizados fueron de carácter productivo y socio-económico. Se aplicó el análisis de componentes principales y correlación para procesar la información de campo. Se determinó que la sostenibilidad económica se ve fuertemente afectada por aspectos agronómicos y sociales. Asimismo, se concluyó que la comercialización y las actividades de valor agregado son aspectos que deben ser abordados con una visión de colaboración inter-organizacional.","PeriodicalId":135011,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronómica","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132164870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicted milk production per hectare based on yield and chemical composition of native and hybrid maize silage varieties on temperate and tropical regions","authors":"L. E. Robles Jiménez, M. González Ronquillo, Melchor Rosas Davila, Jorge Osorio Avalos, Carlos Palacios Riocerezo, Octavio Alonso Castelán Ortega, A. Chay-Canul, Dalia A. Plata Reyes","doi":"10.15446/acag.v70n2.79654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v70n2.79654","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to characterize maize silage according to chemical composition, maize silage yield, as well as their predicted milk production. A search was made on studies related to maize silage yield, density, chemical composition (DM, CP, NDF, starch), and dry matter digestibility (DMD). In this study, 41 maize varieties from temperate regions and 101 maize varieties from tropical origin were analyzed. The net energy of lactation (NEL Mcal/kg DM), kilograms of milk per t of silage (kg of milk/t DM), and kilograms of milk per hectare of silage (kg of milk/ha) were determined. A cluster (CL) analysis was performed, and six CL of maize silage were obtained. The CL1 included digestibility for dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, NEL, and kg of milk/t DM. CL2 was characterized by maize silage with the highest number of plants per hectare and NDF. CL3 included the highest ash content. CL4 consisted of intermediate values for all variables. CL5 included the highest forage yield (t DM/ha) and kg of milk/ha whereas CL6 included the highest kg of milk/t. Overall, CL1 resulted in the highest DMD and NEL, producing more milk per t DM. Results suggested that the ideal option is maize silage with a higher forage yield and more than 35 % DM (CL5) since this produces more kg of milk per hectare.","PeriodicalId":135011,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronómica","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131634769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Catasetum bicolor and C. ochraceum (Catasetinae: Orchidaceae) habitat preferences: implications for their conservation","authors":"D. Alvarado-Solano, Sergio Martínez López, B. Šarapatka, Joel Tupac Otero Ospina","doi":"10.15446/acag.v70n2.91765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v70n2.91765","url":null,"abstract":"Family Orchidaceae is widely recognized for its mutualistic relationship with their pollinators, however, the knowledge about the most diverse monocotyledonous group on the planet it is still limited. Here, we recognized the ecological requirements and modeled the habitat preferences for Catasetum bicolor and C. ochraceum (Subfamily: Epidendroideae). We used climatic and bioclimatic data along with species’ occurrences records in a) Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to screen for the most influential variables; and, b) a maximum entropy algorithm (Maxent) for habitat suitability modeling. Also, preliminary conservation status and probable priority areas for monitoring and conservation were identified. Both species differed in their habitat preferences as shown by the altitudinal range. Factors screened by PCA were associated to temperature (average, minimum, seasonality), solar radiation, and precipitation of the driest and warmest months. The variables that influenced the most in the modeling process for C. bicolor were solar radiation, temperature seasonality, and its annual range; while for C. ochraceum were the precipitation of the driest month and solar radiation. Areas with habitat suitable conditions were identified in countries (Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama, and Venezuela) and biomes (humid and dry tropical, and subtropical forests) with highly dynamic land cover changes. The studied species were found to be in an endangered status based on their area of occupancy (< 76 km2). However, considering their extent of occurrence (> 20000 km2), they are in a status of less concern. These findings may be relevant for future monitoring plans and planning for ex-situ and in-situ conservation strategies.","PeriodicalId":135011,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronómica","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122419814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successive crops of broccoli, green corn and pea after taro (Colocasia esculenta)-sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) consortium","authors":"J. Colombo, M. Puiatti, R. H. Santos, L. Dias, H. Silvestre","doi":"10.15446/ACAG.V69N4.61794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ACAG.V69N4.61794","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming to assess the residual effect of the biomass of the taro-sunn hemp consortium on the performance of the successive crops of broccoli, green corn and peas, an experiment, with 11 treatments, corresponding to the cutting of Crotalaria juncea in the taro-sunn hemp consortium (55, 70, 85, 100, 115, 130, 145, 160, 190 and 220 days after sowing - DAS) plus a control treatment (Colocasia esculenta), was performed. Soil samples were collected and chemical analysis was performed before crop establishment. Plant characteristics and productivity of broccoli, green corn and pea pods were assessed. There were no major changes in soil chemical composition. Higher values of inflorescence fresh matter and broccoli yield were observed in the treatments in which cuts of Crotalaria juncea occurred 145 DAS. The residual effect of Crotalaria juncea cuttings provided higher corn plants and a greater fresh matter of spikes with straw and productivity of commercial ears, compared to the control. There was no residual effect on the characteristics evaluated for pea. The residual effect of Crotalaria juncea cropped in a consortium with Colocasia esculenta increases broccoli yield when cut from 145 DAS and corn cropped in succession.","PeriodicalId":135011,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronómica","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128305624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maduración en poscosecha de frutos de aguacate cultivares Hass y Méndez tratados con etefón","authors":"Nallely Rosas Flores, Crescenciano Saucedo Veloz, Daniela Saucedo Reyes, Alfredo López Jiménez, Salvador Valle Guadarrama, Martha Elva Ramírez Guzmán, Sergio Humberto Chávez Franco","doi":"10.15446/acag.v69n4.89994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v69n4.89994","url":null,"abstract":"Un problema en poscosecha de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) es la heterogeneidad en la maduración de los frutos, debido a diferencias en el momento de amarre y la incapacidad para madurar en el árbol, situación que provoca inconsistencias en la calidad y diferencias en la respuesta a tecnologías de conservación y procesamiento.  En poscosecha, la aplicación de gas etileno en cámaras herméticas se ha utilizado para adelantar la maduración; sin embargo, se ha propuesto como alternativa el uso de liberadores de etileno en forma líquida (etefón), principalmente para el tratamiento de bajos volúmenes de fruta.  El presente trabajo fue realizado en la zona productora de Salvador Escalante (Michoacán, México) con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de dos concentraciones de etefón en el tiempo y homogeneización de la maduración de frutos de los cultivares (cv.) de aguacate Hass y Méndez.  Se cosecharon frutos con 23.4% (cv. Hass) y 24% (cv. Méndez) de materia seca; un grupo se sumergió en una solución de etefón 500 mg/l y otro, en 1000 mg/l, ambos durante 5 minutos; los frutos tratados, más un control fueron almacenados a 20 °C por 11 días.  Se evaluaron cambios en la respiración, producción de etileno, pérdidas de peso, firmeza, color en epicarpio y en pulpa, concentración de fenoles totales, clorofila y carotenoides totales.  Los resultados mostraron que las dosis de etefón de 1000 mg/l en cv. Hass y de 500 mg/l en cv. Méndez presentaron un proceso de maduración 2 días más temprano que el control.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":135011,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronómica","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128918810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visitantes florales no polinizadores en plantas del género Cucurbita y su relación con la presencia de abejas polinizadoras","authors":"Mariana Paola Mazzei, J. L. Vesprini, Leonardo Galetto","doi":"10.15446/ACAG.V69N4.87639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ACAG.V69N4.87639","url":null,"abstract":"Los insectos visitantes de flores pueden ser polinizadores o, por el contrario, no tener relación con el proceso reproductivo de las plantas. Las interacciones entre visitantes florales polinizadores y no-polinizadores pueden influir negativamente en la transferencia de polen. Poco se conoce acerca de los efectos de las visitas de abejas en la polinización de flores de zapallo (Cucurbita spp.) y sus interacciones con la presencia de otros visitantes florales. El estudio se realizó en la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (Universidad Nacional de Rosario) en el sur de Santa Fe (Argentina) y en él se evaluó el efecto de la presencia de visitantes florales no-polinizadores en el forrajeo de las abejas presentes en las flores de dos especies cultivadas de zapallo. Como variables se incluyeron el sexo de la flor y las especies de zapallo C. maxima y C. moschata. Se registraron un total de 937 visitantes en 403 flores. Las abejas de las tribus Eucerini y Apini fueron los polinizadores más abundantes con un promedio de 2.3 individuos por flor durante 10 minutos de observación. Los dípteros, el sexo de la flor y la especie de zapallo no influyeron en el número de visitas de las abejas, mientras que la estadía prolongada de coleópteros y formícidos afectaron negativamente la presencia de abejas en ambas especies de zapallo. La presencia de coleópteros redujo las visitas de abejas en 38%; mientras que, en presencia de hormigas, aquéllas no visitaron las flores. El robo de néctar y polen por parte de visitantes florales no-polinizadores podría tener un efecto negativo sobre el éxito reproductivo de zapallo.","PeriodicalId":135011,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronómica","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132712242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aproximación a un indicador para estimar la magnitud del esfuerzo físico en las labores de cultivo","authors":"Oscar Iván Monsalve Camacho, Nadia Yurany Luque Sanabria, Martha Cecilia Henao Toro","doi":"10.15446/acag.v69n4.86501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v69n4.86501","url":null,"abstract":"A escala finca los indicadores sociales de sostenibilidad agrícola más comunes son las horas-labor y la estacionalidad de la mano de obra.  La magnitud del esfuerzo físico que los trabajadores invierten en las actividades agrícolas normalmente no se utiliza como un indicador de eficiencia y sostenibilidad; por esta razón, en este estudio se propone el Esfuerzo de Labor Agrícola (ELB) como indicador de este tipo.  Para calcularlo, se establecieron cinco grados de esfuerzo de labor (GE) y una clasificación de las labores de cultivo con un GE asignado.  Para probar el método, se estimó ELB en cuatro sistemas de producción de papa en dos sitios con pendientes diferentes.  Los resultados mostraron que, la pendiente o inclinación del terreno tiene una influencia más significativa sobre el ELB que el nivel de tecnificación del cultivo.  El sistema no tecnificado en terreno inclinado (MuiNo) genera el mayor ELB (4.67), correspondiente al máximo esfuerzo de labor.  El sistema medianamente tecnificado en terreno plano (PlnMd) presentó la menor ELB (1.69), correspondiente a poco esfuerzo de labor.  Se espera que este indicador pueda ser incluido en la dimensión social de los análisis de sostenibilidad agrícola a escala finca.","PeriodicalId":135011,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronómica","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126748407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caracterización agrícola de pequeños agricultores en aplicación de buenas prácticas agrícolas en el municipio de Argelia, Valle del Cauca, Colombia","authors":"Marisol Gómez Ramírez, Nilson Mossos Vivas, Rodrigo Herrera Ramírez","doi":"10.15446/ACAG.V70N1.86537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ACAG.V70N1.86537","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a characterization of fruit and vegetable farmers in Argelia (Valle del Cauca, Colombia) and outlines the basic input for the design functional requirements of a digital tool aimed to register agricultural work, applying Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). Was carried out a qualitative research, supported by quantitative data, it consisted of interviews to advisors (Farm Assure) trained under the international standard GLOBALG.A.P., semi-structured surveys to farmers in the region and regulations review  of mentioned standard, the research output will serve to develop the aforementioned functional requirements and will be implemented in the digital tool. The study showed that all the surveyed farmers have some kind of knowledge related to GAP certification, they acknowledge that have applied GAP to be able to market their products in accordance with requirements of cooperatives in the region. Likewise, the pertinence of using a mobile tool capable of hosting a record of field activities is shown, thus facilitating the GAP certification process. The adoption of technological tools in agriculture allows progress in the safety of food products in Colombia.\u0000Methodologically, a qualitative research supported by quantitative data was carried out and in this framework a field work was done consisting of: (I) interviews with 4 farm assurers specialized under the international standard GLOBALG.A.P.; (II) semi-structured surveys to 30 farmers in Argelia  region of Valle del Cauca; and (III) review of the regulations of the GlobalG.A.P. standard, with which were developed functional requirements and some validations implemented in the digital tool.\u0000The qualitative and quantitative results of this research show that the surveyed farmers have some type of knowledge in GAP certification, and that they apply it to a certain extent, given that they belong to cooperatives in the region that require them to comply with it to sell some products. In addition, it is evident the relevance of a mobile tool use that allows them to keep a daily record of their field work, in order to facilitate the GPA certification process.\u0000 This work contributes to the effort that is being made in Colombia regarding the safety of food products with a view to avoid adversities that put the population's health at risk","PeriodicalId":135011,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronómica","volume":"5 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114005267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyanogenic glycosides content as graft compatibility indicator in pear/quince combinations","authors":"I. Pereira, Â. D. Campos, G. Brito, L. Antunes, J. F. Pereira","doi":"10.15446/ACAG.V70N1.93516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ACAG.V70N1.93516","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to evaluate the concentration of cyanogenic glycosides CGs (amygdalin and prunasin) in the cultivar and rootstock, as an indicator of compatibility in pear grafts. The work consists of two experiments. Experiment 1 evaluated Cascatense/Pyrus Calleryana and Cascatense/EMC combinations. Experiment 2 evaluated the combinations Packham’s Triumph/Adams, Santa Maria/Adams, and Rocha/Adams. The experimental design of the two experiments was randomized blocks with four replications. The evaluations were carried out in the spring and summer of the harvest 2014/2015. The results indicated graft compatibility in the Cascatense/P. Calleryana, Packham’s Triumph/Adams, and Rocha/Adams combinations; slight incompatibility of Santa Maria/Adams, and severe incompatibility of Cascatense/EMC. The obtained results indicate that differences ≥ 20 mg g-1 of CGs between scion and rootstock were correlated with a drastic reduction in vigor, problems of continuity in graft union, low yield, and early defoliation.","PeriodicalId":135011,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronómica","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116659612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the sweet chili pepper (Capsicum chinense) production system in the Caribbean region of Colombia: a technological and socio-economic perspective","authors":"A. Reina, Lilibet Todececilla, María del Valle Rodríguez Pinto, Carina Cordero, Liliana María Grandett-Martínez","doi":"10.15446/ACAG.V70N1.86295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ACAG.V70N1.86295","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to characterize technologically and economically the sweet chili pepper production system in the Caribbean region of Colombia. A survey was applied to 60 farmers using the simple random sampling technique. The economic returns were analyzed in the producing areas of San Juan del Cesar, in the department of La Guajira, and Ponedera, in the department of Atlantico, with an average of 0.6 hectares of the areas used for planting the sweet chili pepper. The average age of the farmers is 51 years old, with more than 11 years of experience in this crop. The results present differences in terms of production efficiency; for example, it was found that it is higher for the town of San Juan del Cesar, which is explained because the yields are higher by 7 t/ha- 1. In this zone, the net income is higher by a difference of COP 6.399.270 ha-1, concerning the town of Ponedera. It is concluded that the productive chain is not well integrated since the margins of commercialization, in general, are 0.69, which reveals that the farmer is the one who least participates in this surplus generated by the market.","PeriodicalId":135011,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronómica","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115756262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}