Indonesian Journal of Cancer最新文献

{"title":"The Profile of Cervical Cancer Patients at Soedarso Hospital","authors":"Sari Eka Pratiwi, Heru Fajar Trianto, Nabilah Nurul Fatinah, M. I. Ilmiawan, I. Fitrianingrum, Desriani Lestari","doi":"10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.845","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence and mortality rates of cervical cancer differ by region with the highest rates found in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. In Indonesia, cervical cancer is the second-largest contributor to the latest cases in 2020. In West Kalimantan, over 20,000 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer in 2014. This study aims to describe the characteristics of cervical cancer patients in West Kalimantan. Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted on patients from 2017 to 2019 according to the Soedarso Hospital database. All medical records were reviewed and analyzed to obtain the variable data; they were age, ethnics, origin, stage of cervical cancer, histopathology types, and hemoglobin (Hb) level. Results: Cervical cancer patients for the 2017–2019 period totaled 147 people with 30 deaths. In this study, 97 patients from 2017 to 2019 met the inclusion criteria. Cervical cancer was found from the age of 27 years with a peak at the age of 41–60 years. Most patients came from Pontianak and Kubu Raya cities (45.4% and 14.4%, respectively) with the most ethnic groups being Malays (41.2%). A total of 43.3% of patients had a parity amount of more than five times. Most patients came at stage IIIb (45.4%). The patients present with moderate to severe anemia with the lowest Hb level of around 2.3 g/dL. Based on histopathology, the type of squamous cell carcinoma ranks the highest (70.1%).  Conclusions: Cervical cancer incidence reaches the peak at adults to elderly. The amount of parity seems to contribute to the incidence of cervical cancer in West Kalimantan. Most patients came at an advanced stage and the type of squamous cell carcinoma with moderate to severe anemia","PeriodicalId":13489,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Cancer","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80422131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-Irradiation of Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Cancer: A 4-year Follow-up Study of Treatment using 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy","authors":"Samuel Kelvin Ruslim, Selviant Selviant, Aviciena Bin Iskandar, Sielvyana Sie, A. Hariyanto, Monika Kencana Dewi","doi":"10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.837","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a prevalent diagnosis of head and neck cancers (HNC) in Asia. In Indonesia, it is estimated that there are 12,000 new cases per year. Case Presentation: The author reports a 25-year-old male patient with recurrent NPC. This patient was first diagnosed with NPC stage IVB in 2013 and was treated by chemoradiation. In 2016, he found another mass in his neck. The biopsy result showed the recurrence of the NPC with histopathology of Undifferentiated carcinoma (WHO type III). Re-irradiation was planned, and the patient subsequently received 3D-Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) at our department. Four years after the completion of re-irradiation, the patient was alive and well with no signs of recurrence but still complained about late toxicities like trismus and fibrotic neck.  Conclusions: In this study, we discuss the use of 3D-CRT in the re-irradiation of NPC with its limitation on obtaining optimum dose sculpture compared to more sophisticated and widely spread modalities like intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). However, with careful planning, we can still obtain optimum tumor dose, minimize organs at-risk (OAR) dose, and subsequently late toxicities that come after. We hope that this study can bring hope to centers with limited facilities, and we suggest further studies on re-irradiation, especially in OAR dose tolerance guidelines.","PeriodicalId":13489,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Cancer","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88082680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Unmet Needs of Women Living with Cancer in Community Setting: A Professional Concern","authors":"Ni Putu Wulan Purnama Sari","doi":"10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.816","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the community of Surabaya, the 2nd largest city of Indonesia, women living with cancer are mostly the long-term survivors of advanced-stage cervical cancer, but the number of women living with breast cancer cannot be ignored. There were various physical and psychological problems related to the total suffering and worsening phenomena. The limited resources available in the community have led to various levels of unmet needs in their perspective. This study aimed to analyze and describe the unmet needs of female cancer survivors in the community of Surabaya.  Methods: This descriptive study involved five Public Health Centers (PHCs) among 63 PHCs in Surabaya (7.94%), Indonesia, which were selected by one-stage cluster random sampling. There were 41 and 40 women living with breast and cervical cancers, respectively, participating in this study (n = 81). The Supportive Care Needs Survey – Short Form 34 (SCNS-SF34) was used to collect the data of unmet needs (r = 0.234 – 0.821; Chronbach Alpha = 0.939). Descriptive statistic was used in data analysis (frequency, Mean, and Standard Deviation). Ethical clearance was issued. Results: Most respondents were late adult married women with low socioeconomic status. They were mostly short-term survivors and already had surgery. Most of them reported a moderate level of unmet needs (Mean ± SD = 109.30 ± 27.66). Health system and information needs became their top priorities (45.75), followed by patient care and support needs (37.89), physical and daily function needs (32.20), psychological needs (31.11), and sexuality needs (22.00). There were 9.88% of respondents who reported that there were no unmet needs. Conclusions: Female cancer survivors in the community reported a moderate level of unmet needs. Health system and information needs were the most reported unmet needs","PeriodicalId":13489,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Cancer","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83164832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Profile of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients who Undergo Radiotherapy in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung","authors":"Antony A. Adibrata, Marhendra Satria Utama, Adji Kusumadjati","doi":"10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.856","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Soft Tissue Sarcoma is one of the rare cancers that increased in number in the last few years, but information about soft tissue sarcoma patients was still limited, especially in West Java, Indonesia. This study aimed to find out the patient profile and the histopathological cell distribution of soft tissue sarcoma patients who undergo radiotherapy. Methods: The study design was retrospective descriptive quantitative with the total sampling method. This study was done by observing all patients’ medical records registered from January 1, 2018, until December 31, 2019, in the Hospital-Based Cancer Registry of Radiology Department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, with the inclusion criterion of patients diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma.  Results: A total of 5% (n = 75) from 1,388 cases registered were soft tissue sarcoma. The most common patient profile was female (57.3%) and age group 45–54 years (21.3%). The chief complaint was dominated by a painless mass (56.0%) at the lower limb (37.8%) with the most frequent cell of fibrosarcoma (17.3%), the most intention of the radiotherapy of curative adjuvant (78.7%). Conclusions: The number of soft tissue sarcoma is small compared to other malignancies. It is more common in women, the most age group is from 45 to 54 years with the median of 47 years old, ranging from 9 to 90 years, it tends to occur in the lower limb with a chief complaint of a painless mass, and the most frequent cell is fibrosarcoma. The common treatment combination is surgery with radiotherapy","PeriodicalId":13489,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Cancer","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85889686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Findings in Adolescent Vaginal Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Rare Case Report","authors":"Trifonia Pingkan, Fitri Juniarta, H. Tjahjadi, Meliyana Lai","doi":"10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.842","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare soft tissue tumor, mainly affecting children, adolescents, and adults younger than 15 years, representing 3% to 4% of all childhood malignancies. Genitourinary is the second-most-common location of RMS with around 25% of cases. We describe a rare case of vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma in adolescents with huge polypoid tumors. Case Presentation: A 15-year-old female presented with vaginal bleeding for seven months. Her medical story was unremarkable. The clinical examination showed a polypoid mass prolapsed from the vagina, and the laboratory result was anemia. The pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a heterogenous bulky solid tumor in the vagina. The histopathological finding revealed a sarcoma, and the immunohistochemical staining result was rhabdomyosarcoma not otherwise specified (NOS). Conclusions: Vaginal RMS is a rare malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin with skeletal muscle differentiation. Vaginal RMS is the most common site of genitourinary RMS and presents as a rapidly growing and aggressive local mass. Imaging plays an important role in the initial diagnosis of vaginal RMS, regarding the presentation of the bulky protruding tumor on the vaginal region","PeriodicalId":13489,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Cancer","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89656008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Penile Cancer at Tertiary Centre Hospital: A Nine Years Study from 2010-2019","authors":"Christopher Kusumajaya, Ferry Safriadi","doi":"10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.832","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Penile cancer is a rare and aggressive disease. The incidence in India, Africa, and South America ranges from 2.3 to 8.3 per 100,000. No data regarding incidence rates in Indonesia. The etiological factors include poor genital hygiene, phimosis, tobacco use, multiple sex partners, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and chronic inflammatory states. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents 95% of penile cancers. Progression and treatment of the disease cause devastating consequences and morbidity such as disfiguring penile amputation. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological characteristics of penile cancer in the city of Bandung, its associated risk factors, clinical manifestations, and compare the results with previous studies. Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted at Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung from January 2010 to 2019. The study included all penile cancer patients that came to Urology Department. Variables such as age, history of circumcision, phimosis, HPV infection, marital status, smoking habit, educational level, age of onset, operation, histopathological results, history of multiple sex partners, location of the tumor, comorbidities, and staging are collected from the medical record and analyzed. Results: A total of 13 penile cancer patients were involved with the age range from 28 to 67 years and 50.69 years on average. Most of them were smokers (69.2%) and uncircumcised (53.8%). All of the patients came at an advanced stage, and penectomy was done. Histopathologically, 84.6% were SCC. One of our patients was consulted by a haemato-oncologist for adjuvant chemotherapy (6 cycles of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil). Conclusions: Penile cancer is a rare neoplasm in Bandung, West Java. The characteristics of penile cancer patients found in our hospitals were on average 50.7 years old, and the most risk factors found were smoking and uncircumcised. Histopathologically, most of them were SCC. All patients came to seek medical treatment at an advanced stage and had undergone surgical penectomy.","PeriodicalId":13489,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Cancer","volume":"722 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75855809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival Analysis of Pediatric Wilms Tumor Based on Risk Identification","authors":"A. Andy, Y. Sigumonrong","doi":"10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.829","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Wilms Tumor (WT) or nephroblastoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the kidney found in children (comprising about > 95% of all kidney tumors). The study of WT prognostic factors has not been elaborated enough in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the prognostic factors of WT patients in Adam Malik Hospital, Medan. Methods: This study was conducted with a retrospective design due to the rarity of WT cases. A total of 21 WT patients diagnosed from 2003 to 2019 were taken from medical records at Adam Malik Hospital, Medan. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the independent prognostic factors of WT. The primary endpoint of this study was patients’ overall survival (OS) obtained by the Kaplan-Meier analysis on significant variables. Results: From the univariate Cox regression analysis, gender was found to be the sole significant factor (HR = 0.218, p = 0.005) where males have a lower hazard ratio. The multivariate Cox regression analysis yielded an age of diagnosis (HR = 13.860, p = 0.014) and complete tumor removals (HR = 0.056, p = 0.008). The Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed on three significant variables mentioned before. Only gender yielded a significant Mantel-Cox log-rank score (p = 0.002) with male patients found to have better survivability with a median survival of 476 days compared to that of females of 11 days. The three-year survival of males was 45.45% while all females did not survive until the cut-off. Conclusions: Three prognostic factors, including children’s gender, age of diagnosis, and tumor removal status, were confirmed to be prognostic factors for the overall survival of children with WT. Further studies covering broader demographic areas were suggested to confirm significant results.","PeriodicalId":13489,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Cancer","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83433409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Pre-Operative Mean Serum Concentration of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Free Thyroxin (FT4) in Patients with Benign Thyroid Nodules and Thyroid Carcinoma at Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar","authors":"I. G. A. S. Mahendra Dewi, Desak Putu Gayatri Saraswati Seputra","doi":"10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.813","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Free Thyroxin (FT4) concentration are currently highlighted in their relation to thyroid carcinoma development in thyroid nodule patients. This study aimed to identify the difference in the pre-operative mean serum concentration of TSH and FT4 in patients with benign thyroid nodules and thyroid carcinoma at Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar.Methods: : This study was a case-control study that involved 110 patients with thyroid nodules who underwent thyroidectomy at Sanglah General Hospital from January until December 2019, whose specimens were examined histopathologically at the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Sanglah General Hospital. Cases were patients with thyroid carcinoma. Controls were patients with benign thyroid nodules. The data were collected from medical records. Results: Most subjects in the thyroid carcinoma group were female (72.7%). The thyroid carcinoma group had a higher mean age at the time of thyroidectomy (47.33 ± 13.4) compared to the benign thyroid nodule group (46.07 ± 12.5) (p = 0.61). Significant difference was found regarding the nodule size between the two groups (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in terms of nodule lateralization (p = 0.56) and the number of nodules (p = 0.58). Papillary thyroid carcinoma was the most common type of thyroid carcinoma (89.1%). A significantly higher pre-operative mean serum TSH concentration was found in cases (1.0 ± 0.23 IU/mL) compared to controls (0.8 ± 0.23 IU/mL) (p < 0.001). The pre-operative mean serum FT4 concentration was significantly lower in cases (1.1 ± 0.25 IU/mL) compared to controls (1.2 ± 0.22 IU/mL) (p = 0.006). The optimal TSH and FT4 cut-off values for thyroid carcinoma were > 1.0 IU/mL (61% sensitivity, 71% specificity) and < 1.1 IU/mL (61% sensitivity, 51% specificity), respectively Conclusions: : Higher pre-operative mean TSH concentration and lower mean FT4 concentration were found in patients with thyroid carcinoma. There were statistically significant differences between patients with thyroid carcinoma and benign thyroid nodules in terms of these two laboratory parameters. ","PeriodicalId":13489,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Cancer","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84070133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Cancer in Indonesia in 2022: 30 Years of Marching in Place","authors":"W. Gautama","doi":"10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.920","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in Indonesia, 19.2% out of all cancers [1]. In 1992, most breast cancer patients (60-70%) sought medical treatment when the cancers were in late stages (stage III and IV) [2]. Thirty years later data collected from several teaching hospitals in Indonesia shows that 68- 73% of breast cancer patients come to medical centers in the late stages [3,4,5]. It is interesting to learn why the number of late-stage breast cancer patients in Indonesia remains the same despite the advancement in early detection and therapeutical measures. This editorial will mainly discuss one factor contributing to the diagnostic and treatment delay: patients’ accessibility to proper medical attention. Accessibility to proper medical attention for breast cancer patients in Indonesia depends on the number and distribution of trained oncologists, a concise referral system, and supportive regulation. Indonesia is a vast archipelago country with a population of more than 273 million people. In tertiary medical centers, breast cancer patients are attended by surgical oncologists since surgery is the main treatment. As per February 2002, there are only 233 surgical oncologists practicing. This number is far below the ratio proposed by the Indonesian Society of Surgical Oncologists (Perhimpunan Ahli Bedah Onkologi Indonesia/PERABOI) which is 0.2 per 100,000 population (546 surgical oncologists needed). This number is still below the ideal ratio which is twice as much. However, setting a goal too high would make the organization frustrated, hence the revised target. The role of oncologists is vital in breast cancer cases. A multinational analysis shows that being diagnosed with breast cancer by an oncologist correlates with shorter treatment delay [6]. It takes at least 6 years of general surgery training plus 2 more years of surgical oncology training to produce a surgical oncologist. This does not count the 2-5 years of working experience required before a general surgeon could apply for the surgical oncologist training. Acceleration is critical to producing more surgical oncologists, either by establishing more training centers or by modifying the training system. Establishing a surgical oncology training center is no simple procedure; especially since UU Pendidikan Kedokteran number 20/ 2013 mandates that medical specialist training must be university-based [7]. The government should consider the role of hospital-based training to accelerate the production of surgical oncologists. The revision of the law is underway that would recognize the role of professional society and collegium in medical specialist training. Acceleration can also be carried out through modifying the training system: from subspecialist training to specialist training. A general practitioner can enroll for the surgical oncology training without having to be a general surgeon first. The role of “collegium” is vital to ensure that the training curricula meet the requi","PeriodicalId":13489,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Cancer","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87032806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichilemmal Carcinoma on the Head (Surgical Challenge to Achieve Free Margin): A Case Report","authors":"D. Khambri","doi":"10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.861","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Trichilemmal carcinoma is a rare tumor derived from the outer hair sheath. It usually appears on the face, ears, neck, scalp, and sun-exposed areas. It generally occurs in patients older than 50 years old, and there is no sex predilection to this disease.Case Presentation: A 60-year-old woman came with a complaint of a lump in the head that often bled. The size of the lump was approximately like a bean seed and broke when she combed her hair. The lump was getting bigger within a year and easier to bleed. She often felt pain. Based on the history of surgery 2 months ago, the examination implies that the patient had trichilemmal carcinoma.Conclusions: Trichilemmal carcinoma generally occurs in the elderly category. Although trichilemmal carcinoma has a benign clinical course and local recurrence cases are uncommon, sufficient free margin and immediate reconstruction are challenging if the predilection is in the head and neck. Surgical excision is the recommended treatment for this disease","PeriodicalId":13489,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Cancer","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77161447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}