Vol 3 Issue 2最新文献

MOLECULAR PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) GENOTYPES IN PESHAWAR 白沙瓦乙型肝炎病毒(hbv)基因型的分子流行病学

Vol 3 Issue 2 Pub Date : 2022-12-10 DOI: 10.37605/v3i2/5

{"title":"MOLECULAR PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) GENOTYPES IN PESHAWAR","authors":"","doi":"10.37605/v3i2/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37605/v3i2/5","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Globally Hepatitis B is life-threatening problem including in Pakistan with an estimated incidence rate of 3% in the general population. According to recent findings Pakistan has an enormous burden of HBV infection, but very little attention has been drawn in terms of the molecular epidemiology of HBV. Till now HBV has been categorized into 10 genotypes and different genotypes exhibit different pathogenicity and response towards the treatment, so this research study was planned to evaluate the current status of different HBV genotypes prevailing in Peshawar district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP).\u0000\u0000Method: A collection of 550 blood samples was carried out from chronically infected HBV- positive patients and tested by ICT that was further confirmed for HBV DNA with qualitative PCR and followed by type-specific PCR to identify the prevalence of specific HBV genotypes. Sequencing was performed on the respective genotype and a phylogenetic study was done using the MEGA 6.0 tool.\u0000\u0000Results: All samples were diagnosed HBV positive. Genotype D was recorded as the most widely distributed (90%) while 10% were detected positive for genotype C and no other genotype was found in our study in district Peshawar. Phylogenetic analysis of obtained sequences shows close homology with already reported strains of HBV.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The only genotype predominant was genotype D in the District Peshawar region which is the most commonly found genotype in Pakistan and the neighboring countries.","PeriodicalId":134863,"journal":{"name":"Vol 3 Issue 2","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125023898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CAMPYLOBACTER: A BRIEF REVIEW OF ITS CAUSES, DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES AND PREVENTION 弯曲杆菌:其原因，诊断方法和预防的简要回顾

Vol 3 Issue 2 Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.37605/v3i2/4

{"title":"CAMPYLOBACTER: A BRIEF REVIEW OF ITS CAUSES, DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES AND PREVENTION","authors":"","doi":"10.37605/v3i2/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37605/v3i2/4","url":null,"abstract":"The most frequent bacterial which is cause of gastroenteritis in humans is Campylobacter. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports around 1.3 million cases of Campylobacter infection in the US occurs per year. This review was designed with the aim to discuss in detail the root causing agents of Campylobacter infection, its diagnostic and prevention methods. Campylobacteriosis starts with the attachment of the pathogenic bacteria to intestinal cells, followed by colonization and, lastly, penetration of the cells following ingestion by the host. Consumption of raw milk, undercooked poultry, and contaminated water have all been associated with Campylobacter infection. Intestinal mucosal Campylobacter toxins proliferate, necrotizing the intestinal villi. A toxin known as cytolethal distending toxins (CDT) damages DNA by acting as a deoxyribonuclease (DNase). Old aged patients and immunocompromised patients are more at risk of morbidity, mortality, and long-term sickness. In addition to additional virulence and survival factors, this review gathers information on motility, chemotaxis, adhesion, invasion, multidrug resistance, and stress response variables. It has been found that mishandling of raw poultry and consumption of undercooked poultry are the major risk factors for human campylobectriosis. Various preventive measures can be adopted to decrease the transmission of the pathogens and the subsequent disease such as the vaccination of the poultry, the health surveillance and the precise food hygiene all over the entire production chain.","PeriodicalId":134863,"journal":{"name":"Vol 3 Issue 2","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130291647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS C INFECTION IN MARDAN, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA: A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY 开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省马尔丹市丙型肝炎感染率:一项基于医院的研究

Vol 3 Issue 2 Pub Date : 2022-12-04 DOI: 10.37605/v3i2/2

引用次数: 0

ETHNOMEDICINAL INVENTORY OF VILLAGE TARAKAI, DISTRICT SWABI, PAKISTAN 巴基斯坦斯瓦比区塔拉凯村民族医药清查

Vol 3 Issue 2 Pub Date : 2022-12-03 DOI: 10.37605/v3i2/1

引用次数: 0

EVALUATING THE LIGNIN DEGRADING POTENTIAL OF INDIGENOUSLY ISOLATED FUNGAL STRAIN 81 FROM PAPER AND PULP INDUSTRY WASTE WATER 纸浆工业废水中本土分离真菌81降解木质素的潜力评价

Vol 3 Issue 2 Pub Date : 2022-12-03 DOI: 10.37605/v3i2/3

{"title":"EVALUATING THE LIGNIN DEGRADING POTENTIAL OF INDIGENOUSLY ISOLATED FUNGAL STRAIN 81 FROM PAPER AND PULP INDUSTRY WASTE WATER","authors":"","doi":"10.37605/v3i2/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37605/v3i2/3","url":null,"abstract":"Lignin is a phenolic biopolymer and a complex recalcitrant compound found in the wastewater effluent of the pulp and paper industry. Wastewater generated by the pulp and paper industry is having lignin as a major part in the form of black liquor, which poses serious hazards for the ecosystem along with health risks. Biological methods including the use of micro-organisms to degrade lignin by the enzymatic battery of various bacteria and especially fungi proved out to be effective. The present study includes the application of indigenously isolated fungal strains 81 from the effluent wastewater of a local pulp and paper industry of Pakistan. The strain was grown on lignin amended minimal salt media for the screening of best lignin degrader for determining their capability of lignin degradation and color reduction. Absorbance for lignin degradation and color reduction was measured at 280nm and 465nm respectively on the spectrophotometer. The results proclaim fungal strain 81 identified as Aspergillus fumigatus, after molecular characterization (accession no. MW132910 in NCBI data base) possess the potential to degrade lignin. Hence, it could help in the removal of lignin from toxic industrial wastewater.","PeriodicalId":134863,"journal":{"name":"Vol 3 Issue 2","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132256345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel Technique to Investigate Glacio-fluvial Hypsometry in Hunza Using Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) 利用空间自相关局域指标(LISA)研究罕萨冰川-河流发育的新技术

Vol 3 Issue 2 Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2021030204

S. A. Mahmood, Sarah Hassan, Hania Arif, S. Batool, Areeba Amer, M. Shahazad, Rana Faqir Muhammad Aslam, B. Talib

{"title":"Novel Technique to Investigate Glacio-fluvial Hypsometry in Hunza Using Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA)","authors":"S. A. Mahmood, Sarah Hassan, Hania Arif, S. Batool, Areeba Amer, M. Shahazad, Rana Faqir Muhammad Aslam, B. Talib","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2021030204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2021030204","url":null,"abstract":"Hypsometric Integral (HI) displays the effect of active tectonics and sensitivity on geomorphic structures. In this study we calculated HI values for Hunza valley to investigate neotectonics, development of topographic structures and process of erosion using SRTM DEM 90m. ArcGIS and MATLAB is used to generate HI and hypsometric curve (HC). We generated HI and HC values by using D8 algorithm in MATLAB to extract drainage basins for 5 and 6 Strahler orders. HI and HC values show the stages of erosion for instance high values of HI and convex HC displays young and tectonically active stage. We used different grid sizes in ArcGIS to calculate maximum, mean and minimum elevation utilizing different statistical techniques. We used Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) instead of Global Moran Index to determine the extent of distribution of clustered, dispersed and randomized HI values. This technique indicates high positive z score for auto correlated data. Regions with high HI value indicate relative uplift, undissected and young structures while low HI values indicate sediment accumulation and shallow earthquakes.","PeriodicalId":134863,"journal":{"name":"Vol 3 Issue 2","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129688744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global temperature variations since pre industrial era 自前工业时代以来的全球温度变化

Vol 3 Issue 2 Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2021030203

Tariq Noor, Iqra Nazeer, Zubair Attique, M. Shahzad, Abdul Baqi

引用次数: 2

Monitoring of Mangrove Cover of Western Indus Delta Karachi Pakistan 巴基斯坦卡拉奇西印度河三角洲红树林覆盖监测

Vol 3 Issue 2 Pub Date : 2021-04-25 DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2021030202

Nasir Abbas, N. Khan, Warda Habib

{"title":"Monitoring of Mangrove Cover of Western Indus Delta Karachi Pakistan","authors":"Nasir Abbas, N. Khan, Warda Habib","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2021030202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2021030202","url":null,"abstract":"The coastline of Pakistan comprises of five significant sites comprising of mangroves including Indus Delta which contains extensive mangroves zones and termed as the largest arid mangrove found globally. This study evaluate the current extent of mangroves along the Western edge of Indus Delta and provide the most recent forest cover assessment of mangroves. Moreover, this study identifies the changes occurred in forest cover from the years 2000 to 2020. Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat 7 ETM data were used for mangroves mapping through supervised classification method. The results displayed that total area of mangrove forest cover was nearly 279.094km², 395.77km², 306.58km² in the years 2000, 2010 and 2020 respectively. This study indicates an increase in area of mangrove cover from 29% to 41% from the year 2000 to 2010. Regeneration of mangrove mostly took place around the southern region of the Indus Delta. The mangrove specie has decreased from 41% to 31% from the year 2010 to 2020. The major causes of this reduction were urban water and industrial pollution, over-fishing in Indus delta, freshwater diversion for agriculture, and overharvesting of mangroves by the local communities, coastal erosion and sedimentation.","PeriodicalId":134863,"journal":{"name":"Vol 3 Issue 2","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134121771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal Variations in Ice Cap of Antarctica and Greenland 南极和格陵兰冰盖的时间变化

Vol 3 Issue 2 Pub Date : 2021-04-10 DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2021030201

Abdul Baqi, Alim Abbas

引用次数: 0