Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Incidence and determinants of hypertensive retinopathy in hypertension patients at a teaching hospital in North Western Karnataka","authors":"Chethana Warad, Ruben Roy Simon, Radhika Wani, Ruchi Singh, Shivakrishna Pavuluri, V. A. Kothiwale","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.119","url":null,"abstract":"Persistently raised blood pressure not only leads to retinal vascular damage but also leads to systemic diseases. The retinal vasculature observation by fundoscopy offers a great opportunity to explore the association of systemic microvascular disease caused by hypertension. Hypertensive retinopathy (HR) is considered to be a marker for vascular disease and death. The aim of the present study was to find out the prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy among hypertensive subjects and assess the pattern of retinopathy and associated risk factors. This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted among hypertensive patients at a teaching hospital, for a period of 3 months.A total of 300 hypertensive patients formed the study population. The prevalence of the hypertensive retinopathy in the present study was 49.33%. Hypertensive retinopathy was more prevalent in men 62% than women 38%. The prevalence of grade 1 and grade 2 hypertensive retinopathies was 43.24% and 33.11% respectively and 20.95% and 2.7% had grade 3 and 4 respectively. The prevalence of retinopathy was found to be statistically higher in patients who had h/o hypertension for more than 5 years. The prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy was more common in age group >60yrs. The prevalence of target organ damage was higher in those having retinopathy.The prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy is high in the present study which reflects lack of awareness, patient compliance, sub optimal measures to control blood pressure and even lack of prompt follow up with ophthalmologists. There is need to spread awareness and take adequate measures to reduce the burden of hypertensive retinopathy.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"393 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family perceptions and barriers towards rehabilitation of visually disabled people: A qualitative survey from Western Uttar Pradesh","authors":"Mahendra Singh, Radhika, Ashi Khurana, L. Chauhan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.115","url":null,"abstract":"Looking at the number of visually disabled people population of Uttar Pradesh, there has been a paucity of evidence available on their perception and rehabilitation. This study was conducted to explore the perceptions and possible barriers to the uptake of visual rehabilitation services among visually disabled patients and their families in western Uttar Pradesh.A qualitative investigation using one-to-one interviews with the convenience sampling method in the subjects severely visually disabled (Blind) participants, and their family members. The unstructured interviews were conducted by an independent interviewer. All the interviews were conducted in Hindi. The anonymous quotes of transcripts were translated into English for reporting purposes.A total of 32 interviews were conducted. 16 Participants were between 12 to 52 years of age. Parents of participants who were less than 18 years of age were present during the interview. For the rest 16 patients below 10 years of age, interviews were conducted with their parents. The discussion of each interview was transcribed. The interviews ranged in length from 12 to 30 minutes. From content analysis, four main themes were identified. They are; 1) the denial phase of parents, 2) over protective families, 3) social stigma, and 4) awareness of rehabilitation services, training centers, and government policies in communities. While the majority (95%) were aware of railway discounts many participants had not been aware of other welfare schemes run by the state government. Only 15% had heard of rehabilitation services in the state and vocational training facilities.This study highlights three major challenges in the rehabilitation of visually disabled people in western Uttar Pradesh: 1) The availability of rehabilitation services in the study area, 2) The awareness of visually disabled people about these services, and, 3) The robust strategy for creating awareness about these services at the community level.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"392 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical assessment of corneal complications of manual small incision cataract surgery at tertiary care centre","authors":"Yamini K, Usha B. R","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.099","url":null,"abstract":": To assess corneal complications and visual outcome of manual small incision cataract surgery.: This study comprises of 227 patients in a tertiary care centre in Kolar district, who underwent MSICS were examined for corneal complications and visual outcome postoperatively on Day 1, 1 week, and at the end of 6 week also visual acuity (VA) assessment, anterior segment evaluation with slit lamp biomicroscopy, posterior segment evaluation using indirect ophthalmoscopy, and keratometry was done.227 participants were included in the study, of whom 138 (61%) were female and 89 (39%) were male. The maximum number of patients being in the age group of 61-70 (42.7%). OCTET grading was done for corneal edema patients and on post op Day 1, total 62 patients who had corneal edema in the study were graded according to OCTET classification, and 6 patients (9.6%) had grade 1, 17 patients (27.4%) had grade 2 and 39 patients (63%) had grade 3. At the end of 6 week postoperatively, 45 patients had clear cornea, and 5 patients (8%) had grade 1, 6 patients (9.5%) had grade 2, and 7 patients (11.1%) had grade 3, and 82.3% of patients had VA of 6/6 to 6/9 followed by 11% had 6/12 to 6/18 and 6.6% had 6/24 to 6/36.: Small incision cataract surgery is most cost-effective surgery if corneal endothelium is protected during surgery and will have early visual rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"178 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study to evaluate ocular manifestations in chronic kidney disease patients in a tertiary care centre","authors":"Sangeetha T, K Yamini, H. M. Kumar, Kanthamani K, Athish K K, Raheel Mohamad","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.118","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) constitutes a major healthcare issue due to defective microcirculation secondary to systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Hence, the aim is to find the prevalence of ocular pathology, risk factors and its association with the level of kidney function in patients with CKD undergoing haemodialysis. This prospective, cross-sectional study included 105 CKD patients referred to Ophthalmology Department in a tertiary care centre from November 2021 to April 2023. They were evaluated for demographic data, history of systemic comorbidities, visual acuity and ocular pathologies. This was correlated with the stages of CKD which is defined as the presence of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or proteinuria. Chi-square test or Fischer’s exact test was used as test of significance for qualitative data and Independent t test was used as test of significance to identify the mean difference between two quantitative variables. ANOVA was used as test of significance to identify the mean difference between more than two quantitative variables. Out of 105 [74 (70.5%) male and 31(29.5%) females] CKD patients with mean age 58.43±13.05, ocular pathology was noted in 63 (60%) with hypertensive retinopathy in 47 (44.76%), diabetic retinopathy in 38 (36.19%), mixed retinopathy in 24 (22.85%), cataract in 24 (22.85%), glaucomatous changes in 5 (4.76%), ARMD in 4 (3.8%) and retinal vein occlusion in 3 (2.85%). The mean platelet volume also showed positive correlation with worsening stages of CKD (P-0.015), Hypertensive and diabetic retinopathy (P<0.001). Higher prevalence of ocular pathology 63 (60%) was observed in this study, re-emphasising that ocular screening is mandatory in all chronic kidney disease patients for early detection and initiation of prompt treatment to prevent ocular morbidity.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of prednisolone, dexamethasone, and fluorometholone eye drops on intraocular pressure in patients post-cataract surgery: A randomized controlled study","authors":"Abhilash, Sharmila Somayaji, Sangeetha R Gore, Srinivasa K, R. P. Maurya","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.098","url":null,"abstract":"After cataract surgery, topical corticosteroids are prescribed for inflammation reduction, but prolonged use may lead to side effects like steroid-induced glaucoma. These steroids can elevate intraocular pressure (IOP), and if elevated IOP isn't promptly addressed, it may advance to glaucoma. Vigilant monitoring of IOP changes is crucial for early detection and intervention, forming the basis for this study.The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the impact of post-cataract surgery administration of eye drops containing prednisolone, dexamethasone, and fluramethalone on Intra-Ocular pressure (IOP) in patients. Seventy-five patients were randomly allocated to three groups, each comprising thirty individuals. Participants were administered prednisolone, dexamethasone, and fluramethalone eye drops, respectively, with a tapered dosage over a 42-day period. The study involved documenting intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements both before and after the surgery. Subsequently, patients were monitored for a duration of three months. Among the 75 patients, approximately 5.77% (n = 4) exhibited an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) of ≥10 mmHg from their baseline. A moderate elevation in IOP (≥5 mmHg) was observed in about 13.44% (n = 13) of the patients. Notably, a clinically significant rise in IOP, defined as an increase of ≥10 mmHg and an overall IOP of ≥20 mmHg, occurred in 4.98% (n = 4) of the patients, all of whom were in the fluramethalone group. The mean post-operative IOP differed significantly among the three treatment groups. Fluromethalone possesses a heightened propensity to induce an early and substantial increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), necessitating careful and vigilant usage with continuous monitoring.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schnyders corneal dystrophy: A case report","authors":"M. Israel, Keerti Wali","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.122","url":null,"abstract":"Schnyder corneal dystrophy (SCD) is a rare, autosomal dominant inherited dystrophy affecting the anterior stroma of the cornea. It is caused by a local metabolic defect mapped on the UBIAD1 gene chromosome 1p36. It is known to causes progressive bilateral opacification of the cornea due to an abnormal accumulation of phospholipids and cholesterol in the cornea. In our case a 22-year-old male with vision loss and ocular discomfort revelled multiple grey, infiltrates or disc like opacities in both eyes arranged in circinate manner on slit-lamp, involving the sub-epithelium and stroma. On anterior segment OCT, involvement of the entire stroma was noted with Increased deposits seen in the anterior 1/3rd of the stroma. Central corneal thickness was also increased in the areas of depositions, while systemic evaluation showed dyslipidemia. Clinical as well as anterior segment OCT findings suggest of intrastromal deposits in a ring like pattern, suggestive of schnyders corneal dystrophy. AS-OCT is vital in such cases to help differentiate epithelial involvement from stromal, thus altering the therapeutic approach. Patients can be planned for penetrating keratoplasty if visual acquits is affected.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"246 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevailing practices for the management of dry eye disease in India: A questionnaire based survey 2023","authors":"Abhijit Trailokya, Amar Shirsat, Shaijesh Wankhede","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.101","url":null,"abstract":": Dry eye disease is a common ophthalmic condition which is chronic in nature, It is major health issue especially in the current digital era. Dry eye disease is one of the most common reasons for visiting eye care practitioners. To understand the treatment pattern of medical management of dry eye disease across India.This single visit, cross-sectional, non-interventional, interview-based ophthalmologist survey on dry eye disease (DED) was conducted between 10-13 May 2023 at 81st Annual Conference of All India Ophthalmological Society, Kochi–AIOC 2023. A total of 71 registered ophthalmologist from all over India attending AIOC 2023 who were willing to provide their written consent participated in the survey and completed structured questionnaire on dry eye disease management. Approximately 39.44% ophthalmologist have 20-40% of patients who visiting to daily OPD are suffering from DED, and 40.85% ophthalmologist said the percentage is even more i.e. between 40-60%. 88.73% ophthalmologist responded environmental factors such as digital use specially increased usage of computers and mobile are responsible for dry eye. 49.30% patients suffered from aqueous - deficient dry eye (ADDE) and remaining 50.70% evaporative dry eye (EDE). Artificial Tears (AT) is the first line in management of DED said by all ophthalmologist & in certain cases, depending on type, severity, and cause of dry eye other drugs like cyclosporine, corticosteroids, antioxidant supplements and other medications might be used. Viscosity, pH and osmolarity are important for artificial tear said by 77.46% of ophthalmologist & 23% ophthalmologist opine that viscosity is major factor. 50% ophthalmologist believes that carboxymethylcellulose is the most suitable ingredient followed by sodium hyaluronate (29.58%). 61.43% Ophthalmologists replied, AT should provide continues relief from dry eye symptoms. 42.86% said AT should be used for long terms, it should be preservative free replied by 58.57% Ophthalmologists and 40% replied acceptance from patient should be there in terms of cost. Tear substitutes are the most commonly prescribed medications for the management of dry eye disease. Artificial tears are amongst the first-line agents in the management options for the management of dry eye disease, because of their ease for usage, with a better safety and tolerability profile and their availability in various formulations.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"211 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental models of Acanthamoeba keratitis","authors":"Sumeeta Khurana, Chayan Sharma","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.095","url":null,"abstract":"keratitis (AK) is a severe and potentially blinding corneal infection caused by the protozoan . Despite its rare occurrence, AK poses significant challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and management due to its complex pathogenesis and resistance to conventional therapies. Experimental models have played a crucial role in deepening our understanding of the disease and developing novel therapeutic strategies. This abstract review the various experimental models utilized to study keratitis. These models encompass both in vitro and in vivo systems, enabling researchers to simulate the pathogenic processes involved and evaluate potential therapeutic interventions. , models include cell cultures, corneal epithelial cell lines, and three-dimensional corneal constructs. These systems allow the investigation of adhesion, invasion, host immune responses, and drug efficacy. They provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and aid in the screening of potential anti- agents. models, including animal models such as rabbits and mice, mimic the clinical manifestations of AK and provide a platform for assessing disease progression, evaluating host immune responses, and testing therapeutic interventions. These models have been instrumental in elucidating the factors influencing pathogenesis, including host susceptibility, immune responses, and corneal tissue interactions. Overall, experimental models of keratitis have significantly contributed to our understanding of the disease and provided a platform for developing and evaluating novel treatment strategies. The insights gained from these models hold promise for developing more effective therapies, aiming to improve patient outcomes and mitigate the devastating consequences of keratitis.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical implementation of ocular health findings in different phases of the menstruation cycle - A systematic review","authors":"Animesh Mondal, Nishtha Verma, Sourav Karmakar, Gaurav Kumar Bhardwaj","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.091","url":null,"abstract":"Menstrual cycles are essential to women's health and play a significant role in their daily lives. While the hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle are recognized, research has focused on investigating their specific effects on ocular and visual characteristics. This review aims to comprehensively explore the potential alterations in ocular parameters and alterations to visual performance throughout the cycle of menstruation. Following a search in various research repositories, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid, and EMBASE, both original and review publications were reviewed, and information was utilized in this study. Studies with changes in Ocular parameters during all three menstrual cycle phases were noted. The reported studies documented only normally menstruating women. This study provided valuable knowledge and awareness of the risk factors for menstrual cycle-related ocular symptoms and changes and the impact of these conditions on women's life. This information can be used to develop evidence-based guidelines for managing menstrual cycle-related ocular problems and their significance in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"399 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pan retinal photocoagulation on macular ganglion cell - inner plexiform layer and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness","authors":"P. Mishra, V. Kanaujia, Kumudini Sharma, Prabhaker Mishra","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.106","url":null,"abstract":": To determine the effect of pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP) on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) morphologic parameters like macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and central macular thickness (CMT) in diabetic retinopathy cases. This is a retrospective study including 52 eyes with severe non-proliferative to proliferative diabetic retinopathy without macular oedema who required PRP. Macular GCIPL, CMT and peripapillary RNFL thickness measured at baseline and at 1-, 6-, 12- and 18-months post PRP with SD OCT. CMT, Macular GCIPL and peripapillary RNFL thickness increased significantly at 1 month (p<0.05), thereafter a decreasing trend noted at 6, 12 and 18 months. At 18 month CMT, GCIPL and RNFL thickness are higher than baseline but not statistically significant except temporal RNFL and Average GCIPL (p<0.05). A significant correlation found between changes in temporal RNFL and average GCIPL thickness (Pearson Correlation coefficient r= 0.652, 0.557, 0.782, 0.624 at 1, 6, 12 and 18 months respectively. P<0.05 for all values) CMT, macular GCIPL and peripapillary RNFL thickness increase following PRP; peaking at month 1 and stabilizing through next 18 months. Macular GCIPL thickness could be a reproducible indicator of temporal RNFL.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"254 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}