Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing最新文献

{"title":"Administrative Boundaries and Manifestations of Conflict between Pastoralists and Peasants in Kiteto District, Northern Tanzania, 1970 to 2016","authors":"Juma M. Paresso","doi":"10.56279/tza20211125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/tza20211125","url":null,"abstract":"After her independence in 1961, the new government of Tanganyika (now called Mainland Tanzania) embarked on the establishment of new administrative units, namely regions, districts, wards, villages, and hamlets as well as establishing political and administrative boundaries. The government expected that local communities would peacefully utilize the existing resources within the respective administrative units. Contrary to that, the newly established administrative units and their respective boundaries caused conflicts in different parts of Mainland Tanzania. The reviewed literature suggests that conflicts emerged over pieces of land that separated the borders and ethnically created boundaries. Using archival sources, interviews, newspapers and documentary reviews, this paper argues that boundary conflicts between peasants and pastoralists in Kiteto District were caused by political and administrative decisions of the post-colonial government which ignored the traditional land administrative units and boundaries. The new boundaries were set up for political interests; they ignored traditional boundary settings and violated land laws and procedures during the installation of the boundary marks. The paper is thought to be significant as it contributes to the existing scholarship on border disputes.","PeriodicalId":134808,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114934366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fictional reconstruction of history of Kilwa in M.G Vassanji’s The Magic of Saida","authors":"Emmanuel Lema","doi":"10.56279/tza20211123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/tza20211123","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores M.G Vassanji’s novel, The Magic of Saida (2012). It draws on the idea of reconstruction of history used in anthropology[1] and utilizes it as an approach in carrying out textual analysis of the novel and exploring how the novel reconstructs the history of Kilwa. Additionally, it employs Stephen Greeblatt idea of New Historicism, whereby appreciation of the text history and textuality of history is done on the assumption that the novel is a closely-knit fabric composed of both historical and literary threads. The paper argues that Kamal Punja’s story about his return to Kilwa to look for his childhood lover, Saida is well intertwined with accounts and varying versions of stories of old Kilwa, slavery and slave trade in Kilwa, German intervention in Kilwa and African resistances. It is further argued that Vassanji is not only writing Kamal’s story but also allowing Kamal to revisit his past and reconstruct the history and in that way through the novel fiction and history have been used by Vassanji to propose a view that there are differences between actual historical events, varying perceptions of the events and the histories about the events, thus Vassanji has provided readers with a room to question the process by which we represent ourselves and our world and to become aware of the means by which we make sense of and construct our history.","PeriodicalId":134808,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130214909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symbolism and Gender among the Late Pre-Colonial Luo People in Northern Tanzania: Lessons on How to Interpret African Mythical Traditions","authors":"Albertus K. Onyiego","doi":"10.56279/tza20211122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/tza20211122","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike the historical studies undertaken in Africa during the 1950s and 1960s, there has been a declining interest among historians to employ mythical traditions in understanding African past. While this trend can be viewed as a response to theoretical, methodological, and thematic shifts that have taken place in African history over the last few decades, it is my submission that there is a need to reincorporate mythical traditions in historical analyses so as to broaden the horizon within which African past can be understood. This article seeks to analyse implicit gender constructions among the Luo people of northern Tanzania as unveiled through the story of a mythical woman called Nyamgondho. I argue that, in the final analysis, it was wife’s productive and reproductive labour that sustained the economic well-being and social stability of the Luo society. This argument is substantiated by the sequence of events in the respective tradition depicting crucial contribution made by Nyamgondho in her husband’s homestead in terms of wealth creation and sustenance. The material presented in this paper comes from library research conducted in 2012 when I was a graduate student at the University of Iowa (USA) and the main objective was to demonstrate how symbolic information can be discerned from mythical traditions.","PeriodicalId":134808,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134378634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinstating Local Agency: Origins and Development of Irrigated Rice Production in the Usangu Plains, 1920s to 1960","authors":"George K. Ambindwile","doi":"10.56279/tza20211124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/tza20211124","url":null,"abstract":"Many colonial scholars in the 20th century pointed out that agriculture was introduced in the continent from outside, basically Europe and Asia. They refused to accept that African ingenuity had a role to play in the development of agriculture. Premised on this line of thinking, many scholars who studied the Usangu Plains attributed the introduction and development of rice production in the plains to the Baluchi. Drawing from archival, oral and secondary written sources, and working within the framework of local agency and political economy theories, this paper argues that contrary to the popular notions that have attributed irrigated rice farming to the Baluchi community, the establishment of irrigated rice farming in the region was primarily an indigenous initiative of the Sangu. It further recognizes the role-played by the British colonial state in the expansion of irrigated rice farming which has seldom been accounted for by scholars who studied the area under study.","PeriodicalId":134808,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130519863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African Environmental History: East African Progress, 1970s to the Present","authors":"M. Chuhila","doi":"10.56279/tza20211112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/tza20211112","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a historiographical review of the development of African environmental history in the past five decades. It reviews major developments in the field by examining the themes covered, the methodology used and how the discipline can be expanded. While it focuses on Tanzania mostly, it starts with a general overview of African and East African experiences before narrowing down to Tanzania. It tries to fit the general developments into the East African context by using Tanzania. It suggests that environmental historians of Africa should consider the study of urban environments that by far have been left to human geographers and anthropologists especially after the debatable ‘end of nature’ movement. The urban environments, infrastructure, rapid demographic change in African unplanned cities and towns for instance, present challenges that are negotiated by urban dwellers and that are central in environmental history. Our focus has always been studying rural communities while ignoring the urban spaces that also have unique challenges and its people have developed strategies to deal with them in the context of changing access to urban opportunities on urban resources.","PeriodicalId":134808,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127967705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soma Ule (SU): The Political Economy of Corruption in Tanzania, 1960s-2010","authors":"Musa Sadock","doi":"10.56279/tza20211113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/tza20211113","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the forces that have engendered corruption in Tanzania since independence. Rather than solely associating the causes of corruption with the so called exceptional African or Tanzanian cultural practices as done by some scholars, the paper situates corruption in the changing political economy of Tanzania. By drawing on primary and secondary sources, the paper argues that corruption in Tanzania is embedded in the changing socio-economic, cultural and political forces. The forces include increased discretion power of office holders, moral decline, government policies, economic and global imperatives. This historical study on corruption in Tanzania is important as its findings may be used by stake-holders who are currently involved in interventions against the scourge. Specifically, the stake-holders may draw past lessons which could shed light on refining the current strategies against corruption. Such lessons could entail incorporating into their strategies economic, political and cultural determinants of corruption.","PeriodicalId":134808,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122073302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revival of the New East African Community: A New Era of Economic Integration or Re-division among African Regional Powers?","authors":"Gasiano G. N. Sumbai","doi":"10.56279/tza20211114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/tza20211114","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the forces behind the revival of the East African Community in 1999 and its impact on the structural economic relations in East African countries. It uses political economy as a guiding theory in the analysis. Drawing on a range of written sources ranging from documents of the East Africa Community itself and Southern Africa Development Community such as declarations, protocols, policy statements, trade statistics and parliamentary speeches and secondary sources such as books and newspapers, this paper demonstrates that the interface between the global and regional forces relating to the demise of the Cold War and an effort to create new regional and global structural relations in the post-Cold War caused East African states to revive the defunct East African Community as part of the post-Cold War realignment. Kenya as a regional economic powerhouse driven by agricultural, manufacturing, financial and tourism sectors struggled to protect her national economic interests through regional integration that would limit the growing influence of the post-Apartheid South Africa in eastern Africa. Despite the revival of the Community, the integration did not facilitate Tanzania and Uganda to address the colonial structural economic imbalances, some of which were economic legacies and others emerged during the post-colonial period. Therefore, Tanzania and Uganda continued to depend on Western Europe, North America, Japan and China as their major trading partners, source of capital and technology while Kenya continued to be a regional economic powerhouse.","PeriodicalId":134808,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121593895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African Documentary Film: Jean Marie Teno and Hybridism in Afrique, je te Plumerai","authors":"Mona N. Mwakalinga","doi":"10.56279/tza20211115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/tza20211115","url":null,"abstract":"Documentary film has been known for its capacity to interrogate issues of social, economic, cultural and political significance, but this interrogation has been at headlocks with African governments who use the documentary genre as showcasing and praising tool. This article examines the utilization of documentary films in Africa by African governments such as Tanzania, and by independent African filmmakers such as Jean Marie Teno. Jean Marie Teno’s film “Afrique, je te Plumerai” is examined and its role in the struggle for social, political, economic, and cultural emancipation of the Cameroonian, thus African people is revealed. Through the use of distinct mixed modes of cinematic address, Teno has created a hybrid documentary genre that invites and calls for a diversified filmic style that allows for self-expression, new images, and voices. Teno has created an African documentary film that juxtaposes two distinctive traditions; African oral narrative tradition and Western filmic technique to shake the African people to action. By artfully combining contemporary images with archival film footage, discontinuity narrative structure and fictionalized images the film challenges perspectives and offers viewers a far greater understanding of both history and present condition of misuse of political powers. Teno has pushed the envelope of documentary genre further and African documentary furthest.","PeriodicalId":134808,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130672776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The History of Cultural Heritage Research and Teaching in Tanzania","authors":"E. T. Kessy","doi":"10.56279/tza20211024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/tza20211024","url":null,"abstract":"The history of heritage research in Tanzania can be traced back to the end of the 19th century. While researching on Tanzanian heritage was important because most of it was not preserved in literary form, nonetheless it was, in many ways, inappropriately represented. Sometimes it was done with a political inclination to support the colonial domination ideology whereby any form of social, political and economic achievement in Africa was unattainable in the absence of external intervention by races from outside the African continent. In order to maintain that, very limited initiative was taken by the colonialists to train local experts. To rectify this situation, the postcolonial government took initiatives to develop heritage training infrastructures in order to reconstruct the crooked history. While that has already taken shape with positive results, there are still several challenges to overcome. As practice of modern archaeology increasingly requires the use of advanced and expensive scientific equipment, facilities and associated techniques, a danger arises if a developing country like Tanzania won't match up the pace because the quality research products are subject to technological advancement of a particular era. Associated with this is a need to develop a national-based financial body for heritage research to free the country from donor funding dependency which, sometimes, do not align to national research agenda. This paper traces the history of cultural heritage research and training in Tanzania and highlights key factors that contributed to the present state in the country. A comparative overview of the respective aspects under review is made between colonial and postcolonial Tanzania.","PeriodicalId":134808,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130461441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BREXIT: Is Britain against the European Union or Globalisation? Some Lessons for East Africa","authors":"Gasiano G. N. Sumbai","doi":"10.56279/tza20211013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/tza20211013","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1957 was a response to the growing US economic, military and political influence on the ailing economies of Western Europe after WWII. Under the leadership of France, the founding members resisted Britain’s attempts to join the Community. Not until 1973 did they allow it to become a member of the Community. From the beginning, the EEC struggled to position itself as a capitalist bloc, ready to cooperate with the USA in defending vital capitalist interests against the perceived communist threats and the struggles against each other for economic interests all over the world. The USA, as leader of the capitalist bloc, closely checked the development of the EEC and later of the European Union (EU) as well in order to defend American interests in Western Europe. In the post-Cold War period, the USA enjoyed American unipolar hegemony and continued to challenge the EU, a powerful economic bloc which was a threat to the US economy. The EU had been looking at the US-British Special Relationship as a barrier to its progress. Britain used all the means at its disposal to protect and promote the British-American joint interests in Western Europe. However, these traditional capitalist economic blocs cooperated to defend capitalist interests against fascism and communism, but were in constant struggle among themselves. The demise of the Russian brand of communism resulted in the need to re-examine the US-EU relations as the EU wanted to stand on its own feet and did not want to be under the US shadow. This paper shows that Britain’s Exit (BREXIT) from the EU is Britain’s attempt to maintain its special relationship with the USA against the growing influence of the EU on the domestic policies of individual member states. It is shown in this paper that, as a regional bloc, the East African Community (EAC) can learn the manifestation of globalisation and its effects on regional integration. The constant struggle between supranationalism and nationalism and ways of harmonising various approaches to solving regional challenges are the important lessons that the EAC can learn from BREXIT.","PeriodicalId":134808,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125299864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}