{"title":"Distribution of Cancer of Multiple Myeloma in Jamaica 2008","authors":"Laten Andre, Mclish","doi":"10.33140/ahor.06.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ahor.06.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the distribution of multiple myeloma in Jamaica 2008. Methods: The study included all fourteen parishes. Data obtained from the Jamaica Cancer Registry located in the Pathology Department of the University of the West Indies. Population denominators obtained from the 2011 census taken by the Statistical Institute of Jamaica. The statistical package which was used to analyze the data was excel. Results: Onset of multiple myeloma (MM) in Jamaica 2008 began in the age group 20 years to 24 years. The highest frequencies occurred in the age groups 60 years to 64 years, 70 years to 74 years and 75 years to 79 years. The median age at which MM was diagnosed was 69 years. These results indicate that age is an important risk factor in developing multiple myeloma. The crude incidence rate (CIR) was determined for both sexes in Jamaica 2008. In the case of males, the CIR for multiple myeloma was 1.5 and in the case of females, the CIR for multiple myeloma was 1.0, (male/female ratio, 1.5). Hence, there was a greater probability of males developing multiple myeloma compared to females. The CIR used to determine the probability of someone developing multiple myeloma in each parish in Jamaica. Kingston and St. Andrew were treated as one as they are so interwoven. The highest probability of developing multiple myeloma was for someone residing in Manchester (2.6), Kingston and St. Andrew (2.3), St. Ann (1.7), St. Catherine (1.5), Portland (1.2) and St. Thomas (1.1). Conclusion: In mitigating multiple myeloma, it is important that the public be educated regarding the risk factors associated with this cancer such as age, sex, race and family history. It is also critical that screening is done by 45 years of age.","PeriodicalId":134553,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Hematology and Oncology Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139358032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Case Report of Primary Central Nervous T-Cell Lymphoma in an Immunologically Competent Patient","authors":"Case Report, Ait El Filali","doi":"10.33140/ahor.06.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ahor.06.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas are relatively rare, with the most common subtype being diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Primary CNS T-cell lymphomas (PCNSTL) represent less than 5% of CNS lymphomas [1-2].","PeriodicalId":134553,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Hematology and Oncology Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129878132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Researc H Article, Yanjun Diao, Xiaoyan Hao, Enliang Hu, Bingbing Zhu, Jiawei Gao, Xiang Cheng, Jing Jing, Yuan Zhao, Jingyuan Jia, Chong Yuan, Jie Lin, Jiayun Liu
{"title":"Laboratory Practice of Reference Intervals Modification for Children’s Blood Cell Analysis in China","authors":"Researc H Article, Yanjun Diao, Xiaoyan Hao, Enliang Hu, Bingbing Zhu, Jiawei Gao, Xiang Cheng, Jing Jing, Yuan Zhao, Jingyuan Jia, Chong Yuan, Jie Lin, Jiayun Liu","doi":"10.33140/ahor.06.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ahor.06.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The unreliability of reference intervals (RIs) for children’s blood cell analysis has led to an unnecessary effort in interpreting results. The Standard published in 2021 is expected to solve this problem in China but should be clinically evaluated before its application. In this study, we aim to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the new reference intervals (RIs) and realize the optimization based on clinical communication with pediatricians. Methods: Compared with the laboratory’s original reference intervals (RIs), the RIs’ numerical trends were mapped and analysed, and the data of the past seven years were retrospectively re-interpreted. Pediatricians were then consulted to discuss the data analyses. Results: Basically, the new reference intervals (RIs) characterized with more detailed age stratification and two specimen types. The numerical range of some parameters was wider while some were unilaterally shifted. Retrospective analysis showed that the revised reference intervals (RIs) could correct previously abnormal results to the normal range in a large proportion. The recovery ratio of three lineage cells was white blood cells > red blood cells > platelets, and the ratio sorted by age is 28 days~1-year-old > 1~13years old > 13~18 years old. The leukocyte recovery ratio of 28 days~1-year was the largest, approximately 55% to 83%. Pediatricians recognized the value of the new reference intervals (RIs). The only exception is that the platelets’ reference intervals (RIs) were too broad, recommending maintaining the original RI. The missing 0~28-day’s reference intervals (RIs) were recommended to be supplemented with other reference books. Conclusions: The new reference intervals (RIs) were optimized and, combined with clinical feedback, produced new reference intervals (RIs) derived from accumulated experience, evolving a better set of RIs.","PeriodicalId":134553,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Hematology and Oncology Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133287304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Researc H Article, Khadija Darif, N. Ghozali, Y. Sbaiti, M. Meliani, FZ M Amziren, EL Mrabet
{"title":"What about Non-AIDS Associated Kaposi’s Sarcoma? Clinical Features and Efficacy of Chemotherapy: A Monocentric Experience","authors":"Researc H Article, Khadija Darif, N. Ghozali, Y. Sbaiti, M. Meliani, FZ M Amziren, EL Mrabet","doi":"10.33140/ahor.06.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ahor.06.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Kaposi’s sarcoma is a mesenchymal proliferative process of blood and lymphatic system cells. The must well-known risk factors are immunosuppression and human herpes virus. Non-HIV related Kaposi’s sarcoma is a rare indolent entity that is more common among people of Mediterranean origin. Patients and Methods: The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to review a series of 21 patients with nonAIDS associated Kaposi’s sarcoma who presented to the Department of Oncology at the University Hospital Tangier between 2017 and 2022. Data were extracted from medical records using a pre-established survey sheet. The objective of this work is to define the major clinical features, treatment outcomes, and risk factors of the classic Mediterranean form of the disease in North Africa. Results: Twenty-one patients with non-AIDS associated Kaposi’s sarcoma were identified, with ages ranging from 52 to 98 years; the male-to-female ratio was 17:3. All of our patients had the classic form of the disease with negative HIV serology. In 71% of cases, Kaposi’s sarcoma was limited to the skin, without lymph node or visceral involvement. The lesions were multiple in all cases, mostly bilateral, and most commonly localized to the skin of the lower extremities. A complete response was achieved in 50% of patients using systemic therapy, and no patients died from Kaposi’s sarcoma. Conclusion: Unlike Kaposi’s sarcoma in AIDS patients, non-AIDS associated Kaposi’s sarcoma from Mediterranean countries is less agressive and more responsive to systemic therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":134553,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Hematology and Oncology Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122862836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Top Twelve Cancers in Jamaica 2008","authors":"Researc H Article, Laten Andre, Mclish","doi":"10.33140/ahor.06.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ahor.06.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the top twelve cancers in Jamaica in the year 2008 and to examine the distribution of cancer of the endometrium as well as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 2008. Methods: The study included all fourteen parishes. Data was obtained from the Jamaica Cancer Registry located in the Pathology Department of the University of the West Indies. Population denominators were obtained from the 2011 census taken by the Statistical Institute of Jamaica. The statistical package which was used to analyze the data was SPSS. Results: The top twelve cancers were determined using the crude incidence rate (CIR). In descending order, the top twelve cancers were prostate cancer (36.6), cancer of the breast (25.7), cancer of the cervix (23.2), cancer of the lung (7.0), cancer of the endometrium (6.9), cancer of the colon (5.2), carcinoma primary unknown (4.4), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (3.5), cancer of the stomach (3.0), cancer of the skin (2.6), cancer of the urinary bladder (1.8), cancer of the rectum (1.8) and cancer of the thyroid (1.1). It was also determined that cancer of the endometrium is mostly prevalent in the age group 55 years to 79 years and the highest probability of developing this cancer would be in the parishes of Kingston and St. Andrew and St. Catherine. In the case of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, it is mostly prevalent in the age group 45 years to 64 years. In Jamaica in 2008 it was more dominant in females than males (male/female ratio, 0.83). Based on the crude incidence rate, the highest probability of developing this cancer occurred in the parishes of Kingston and St. Andrew and St. Catherine. Conclusion: In mitigating against cancer, it is important to study the onset, the age groups affected as well as gender. It is also important to look at geographical locations to see the probability of developing a particular type of cancer. Once this is done then appropriate screening and safety protocols should be followed by the various health administrators.","PeriodicalId":134553,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Hematology and Oncology Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122467964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapeutic Modalities for Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ahor.05.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ahor.05.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has accelerated in such short a period has spurred the investigation on existing and new therapeutic modalities. Therapeutic value of different classes of drugs have been tested including anti-parasites (Ivermectin), steroids (Dexamethasone), immune regulators (Tocilizumab), combination therapy MATH+ (Methylprednisolone, Ascorbic Acid, Thiamine), corticosteroid (Heparin), and antiviral medications (Molnupiravir or Paxlovid). Similarly, different types of vaccines, including mRNA-based vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and inactivated vaccines (requiring adjuvants) have also developed. Outbreaks of numerous COVID-19 variants, such as Omicron with rapid and frequent genomic mutations, have rendered vaccines less effectiveness against COVID-19. Due to short-term immune protection and treatment-induced adverse effects (e.g., vision problems, vertigo, diarrhea, nausea, allergic reaction, hypokalemia, hypertension, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, Guillain-Bare syndrome, Bell’s palsy) boosters or secondary treatment is needed. Although various vaccines and therapeutics have been developed, further testing is required to obtain higher efficacy across age, gender, and race ranges and to establish long-term immunity. This review summarizes current treatment options available against COVID-19, their mechanisms of action, undesired side effects, as well as safety and efficacy protocols.","PeriodicalId":134553,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Hematology and Oncology Research","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121423783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Serological Detection of Some Rhesus D Polymorphisms among Rhesus Negative Sudanese Blood Donors","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ahor.05.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ahor.05.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rhesus (Rh) blood group, mainly the D phenotype is subject to polymorphisms associated with several Rh D variants. The identification of such variants may prevent blood reactions due to Rh incompatibilities. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum North, Khartoum-Sudan during the period from December 2021 to March 2022. A total of 100 blood donors who had Rh D negative grouping results were recruited for this study. All samples were tested for weak D and Rh-Del phenotypes by indirect antihuman globulin and adsorption-elution methods respectively. In addition, Rh CE typing was performed for all samples, then the association between Rh CE phenotype and Rh D variants was tested by Chi square test. P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Among the tested donors, 7% were Rh-Del, 5% were weak D while the remaining 88% were truly Rh-negative phenotype. All Rh-Del subjects were Rh CE positive; 80% of weak D were Rh CE positive, while only 11% of truly Rh-negative donors were Rh CE positive. Statistically significant association was observed between Rh CE positive phenotype with Rh Del and weak D phenotypes, while truly negative Rh D phenotype is associated with negative Rh CE phenotypes (All P values < 0.05). Discussion: Variant D phenotypes were observed in this study population. Therefore, attention for this category among Rh D negative donors is needed to avoid allo immunization in truly negative patients.","PeriodicalId":134553,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Hematology and Oncology Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134146391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potentiation of Efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell Therapy in Hematological Malignancies using FDA-Approved Small Molecule Sensitizing Agents","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ahor.05.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ahor.05.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Chimeric antigen receptor CD19 CAR T-cell therapy has received FDA-approval for treatment of B cell malignancies. CD19 is an ideal target for B cell malignancies due to its limited expression by B lineage cells. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of B-cell origin (NHL B-cell) accounts for about 4% of all cancers in the United States. Traditionally, combination chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) was considered as standard treatment option for NHL patients. However, a subset of individuals was inherently resistant to CHOP or developed resistance upon continued exposure to chemotherapy. The development of drug-resistance, plus the undesired toxic side effects of this regimen, led to the inclusion of anti-CD20 mAb, Rituximab, to chemotherapy protocols of NHL patients (R-CHOP). Superior improvement was observed in patients undergoing R-CHOP compared to CHOP. More recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-Cells redirected against CD19 (CD19 CAR T-cell) has proven to be an effective immunotherapy against various cancers including NHL. Despite initial success, and like other approaches, NHL patients become unresponsive to CD19 CAR T-Cells due to selective outgrowth of NHLs with deregulated expression of apoptotic proteins. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) and celecoxib have gene regulatory effects and skew the tumor intracellular environment into a proapoptotic milieu. Thus, resistant NHL cells will become sensitized to apoptotic death signals delivered by CD19 CAR T-Cells. We propose the inclusion of FDA-approved small molecules as sensitizing agents to reduce the apoptosis threshold of resistant NHL and boost CD19 CAR T-cell efficacy","PeriodicalId":134553,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Hematology and Oncology Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121124066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Alleviate Tuberculosis Infection and Transmission","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ahor.05.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ahor.05.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Mesenchymal stem cells are increasingly becoming a topic of interest for their breadth of treatment for a range of complications in the medical field. Their unique abilities to restore damaged tissue and modulate various aspects of the immune system are understood, and more studies continue to reveal other therapeutic aspects. Some studies have begun to focus on their potential as a treatment for Tuberculosis, a complex disease caused by a population of bacteria in host tissue environments. There is currently no cure for this disease, which has developed resistance to a range of drugs over the course of history, and a novel therapeutic is required in order to effectively treat and eventually eradicate the disease. In this paper, we discuss the potential immunomodulatory and tissue-repairing effects of mesenchymal stem cells that hint to their efficacy as a treatment for the disease. We also consider the reality of distributing this advanced therapeutic to regions of the world where Tuberculosis is most prevalent. Based on these countries’ political and economic infrastructures and the emergence of other disease, mesenchymal stem cells may not be a treatment that can realized soon to treat those most affected by Tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":134553,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Hematology and Oncology Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114919533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cyclical Preponderance of Gastrointestinal Parasites and their impact on Small ruminants around Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh) India","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ahor.05.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ahor.05.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"In India, the Livestock sector plays an important role in the economy and is one of the most potential sub-sectors of agriculture which plays a necessary role in promoting human health and most particularly in central India, Small ruminants like (sheep and goat) constitute the major portion of livestock. Gwalior is considered as a Semi-Central Zone where different tribes particularly Gujjar’s and Bakerwals had made cattle rearing as their professional business. The production and productivity of small ruminants in Gwalior state are greatly hindered by various diseases including gastro-intestinal parasitic infection which is caused due to improper care, unhygienic environmental conditions, harsh and hot climatic setup, and close contact with other infected animals. Gastrointestinal parasitism is a global problem. Therefore, a one-year-long epizootic survey was conducted to study the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and their various species present in small ruminants (goats/sheep) in the Gwalior region. From January 2019 to January 2020, a total of 338 faecal samples from goats of different locations in Gwalior (MP) India were examined to confirm the presence of parasites and gastrointestinal parasitic infections. Majority of the samples were found positive for endoparasites and goats were also detected positive for gastrointestinal parasites. In Goat, the overall incidence of Haemonchus, Coccidia, Trichuris, Nematodirus, and Fasciola were 47.6%, 36.5%, 39.6% respectively. The occurrence of Nematodirus and Fasciola (20.9%, 2.32%) has been observed in sheep only.","PeriodicalId":134553,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Hematology and Oncology Research","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122780479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}