Физика Земли最新文献

{"title":"Evolution of views on the structure of sources of strong earthquakes \u0000at the end of XX and beginning of XXI centuries","authors":"E. Rogozhin","doi":"10.31857/s0002-333720191134-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002-333720191134-148","url":null,"abstract":"The paper addresses the evolution of scientific views on the structure of the sources of strong earthquakes at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21th century in Russia. The scientific concepts that emerged in the main developed countries initially typically lacked a clear and consistent understanding of the structure of sources of the strongest seismic events. In the 1950s, at the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the USSR Academy of Sciences, G.A. Gamburtsev formulated a hypothesis of a long-term (a few hundred years) stability of seismic regime of a system of seismic sutures. The recently studied earthquakes have their sources in the regions of the large faults. The earthquakes of larger magnitudes have more extended and structurally more complex sources. Some sources in the considered cases are relatively simple to reconstruct (they encompass the fault planes of the large faults, e.g., the Spitak source, M = 6.8). Other sources are more complex; they are formed in the disjunctive nodes or encompass the crustal blocks. For example, the seismic source of the Altai earthquake (M = 7.3) has a volumetric structure and is developed along the boundaries of the large seismogenic blocks. The Wenchuan earthquake (M = 7.9) has a most complicated source which looks as a three-dimensional (3D) structure composed of a few crustal blocks framed by two extended northeast striking faults and separated by the northwesterly trending transverse fault. The structurally different sources differently manifest themselves in the pattern of seismic dislocations on the surface and in the distribution of aftershock hypocenters at depth. The anomalously low velocity “pockets” identified by local seismic tomography in the source areas of the Spitak and Altai earthquakes which accompany the main and secondary faults at depth are likely to be the zones of dynamic control of these faults. The breaked near-fault zones abundant with cracks and fractures are the severely looze inclusions in the crustal rocks hampering the propagation of seismic waves. Therefore, the P-waves in these pockets propagate at lower velocities than in the undamaged geological medium. The paleoseismological studies of seismic faults in trenches have shown that the strong earthquakes have occurred in the same sources in the past and the recurrence period of the strongest seismic events ranges from a few hundred to a few thousand years. Thus, the combined studies of the source zones of the strongest earthquakes conducted in the past decades in the different regions of Eurasia have shown that Gamburtsev’s hypothesis has remained relevant.","PeriodicalId":134429,"journal":{"name":"Физика Земли","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121759371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal regime of the earth’s lithosphere and the mantle: \u0000geothermal studies at IPE RAS","authors":"A. Gliko, O. Parphenuk","doi":"10.31857/S0002-33372019128-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0002-33372019128-41","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is devoted to a historical retrospective of the development of geothermal research in the former Soviet Union. The detailed history of the Laboratory of geothermics at the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPE RAS) from the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s when a full range of geothermal studies were conducted by the laboratory is presented. The main results with the special focus on the world-level achievements made by IPE RAS in this field are outlined. The second part of the paper addresses the key recent results including the theoretical studies of heat and mass transfer and numerical modeling of mantle convection.","PeriodicalId":134429,"journal":{"name":"Физика Земли","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126820664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geodynamic modeling of the process of formation and evolution of lithospheric structures: experience of Schmidt institute of physics of the earth RAS","authors":"V. Mikhailov, E. Timoshkina","doi":"10.31857/s0002-333720191122-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002-333720191122-133","url":null,"abstract":"Key results of numerical geodynamic modeling of the structures of the lithosphere at the Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences are presented. Even in the very first models, the aim of these studies was to describe the time evolution of the boundaries of the layers composing the geological structures which is required for correlating the modeling results to the geological and geophysical data. In 1983, the equation of motion for the upper boundary of the model was complemented by the allowance of sedimentation and erosion. This equation provided the basis for building the geodynamic models of the formation of various types of sedimentary basins and made it possible to mathematically analyze the problem of estimating the rates of paleotectonic movements from thickness, age, and facies composition of sedimentary layers. \u0000New data on the formation and evolution processes of large-scale tectonic structures are obtained in the model of a rheologically stratified Earth’s boundary layer, asymptotically linked to mantle convection model. In particular, the role of the small-scale convection in the formation of lithospheric structures in the tectonic settings of extension and compression has been explored. The numerical results clearly demonstrate the key role of the small-scale asthenospheric convection in sedimentary basin formation (post-rift, on passive continental margins, in foredeep basins). The constructed models served as the basis for interpretation of heterogeneous geological and geophysical data in the context of geodynamic models. The examples of statement of inverse problems are presented and the relevant bibliography is provided.","PeriodicalId":134429,"journal":{"name":"Физика Земли","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121558086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent geodynamics: from crustal movements to monitoring the critical objects","authors":"Y. Kuzmin, Ю О Кузьмин","doi":"10.31857/S0002-33372019178-103-8942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0002-33372019178-103-8942","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of the views on the subject and methods of recent geodynamics over the past fifty years is outlined. Metrological provision of the results obtained by repeated observations by means of ground-based and satellite geodesy is discussed. The substantial dependence of the main characteristics of recent geodynamical processes on the degree of spatiotemporal detail of the observational systems is demonstrated. \u0000A possible solution of the paradoxes of large and small strain rates which were detected in the studies at geodynamical sites in seismically active and aseismic regions is proposed. To explain the anomalous deformational activity on the platform faults, the mechanism of parametric excitation is suggested. According to this mechanism, the time fluctuations in the internal parameters of a fault zone (stiffness, pore pressure, friction coefficient) create local strain anomalies under quasi static external loading. \u0000The results of strain monitoring are demonstrated by the example of a shelf oil field. It is substantiated that the geodynamical testing sites are a universal instrument for exploring recent deformational processes which offers a unified framework for establishing the spatiotemporal structure of different-scale geodynamical phenomena addressed in the fundamental and applied studies.","PeriodicalId":134429,"journal":{"name":"Физика Земли","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117140032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Сейсмоэлектрический эффект, связанный с распространением волны Рэлея","authors":"М. Б. Гохберг, Н.И. Колосницын, А. О. Плисс, Д. А. Алексеев","doi":"10.31857/s000233372202003x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s000233372202003x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":134429,"journal":{"name":"Физика Земли","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129762061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Повторяемость глубоких длиннопериодных землетрясений под ключевской группой вулканов на Камчатке","authors":"Н. А. Галина, Н. М. Шапиро, Д. В. Дрознин, С. Я. Дрознина, С. Л. Сенюков, Д. В. Чебров","doi":"10.31857/s0002333720060022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002333720060022","url":null,"abstract":"HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaireHAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. ПОВТОРЯЕМОСТЬ ГЛУБОКИХ ДЛИННОПЕРИОДНЫХ ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЙ ПОД КЛЮЧЕВСКОЙ ГРУППОЙ ВУЛКАНОВ НА КАМЧАТКЕ Natalia Galina, Nikolai M. Shapiro, Dmitry Droznin, Svetlana Droznina, Sergey Senyukov, Danila Chebrov","PeriodicalId":134429,"journal":{"name":"Физика Земли","volume":"321 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124453007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Модель поверхности разрыва Хубсугульского землетрясения 12.01.2021 по данным спутниковой РСА интерферометрии","authors":"Е. П. Тимошкина, В. О. Михайлов, В. Б. Смирнов, М. С. Волкова, С.А. Хайретдинов","doi":"10.31857/s0002333722010094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002333722010094","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":134429,"journal":{"name":"Физика Земли","volume":"307 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124374914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Динамика роста трещины гидроразрыва по данным ультразвукового просвечивания в лабораторных экспериментах","authors":"С. Б. Турунтаев, Е.В. Зенченко, П. Е. Зенченко, М. А. Тримонова, Н. А. Барышников, Екатерина Владимировна Новикова","doi":"10.31857/s0002333721050215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002333721050215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":134429,"journal":{"name":"Физика Земли","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129522987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Хубсугульское землетрясение, 12.01.2021 г.\u0000 \u0000 M\u0000 \u0000 = 6.7,\u0000 \u0000 M\u0000 \u0000 = 6.9 и афтершоки начального периода","authors":"Александр Федорович Еманов, Алексей Александрович Еманов, В. В. Чечельницкий, Е В Шевкунова, Я. Б. Радзиминович, А. В. Фатеев, Е. А. Кобелева, Евгений Альбертович Гладышев, В. В. Арапов, А. И. Артёмова, В Г Подкорытова","doi":"10.31857/s0002333722010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002333722010021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":134429,"journal":{"name":"Физика Земли","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128205138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Физические эффекты, возникающие при движении плазменных потоков в ионосфере","authors":"Б. Г. Гаврилов, Ю. В. Поклад","doi":"10.31857/s0002333721050045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002333721050045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":134429,"journal":{"name":"Физика Земли","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128430037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}