E. Carlini, L. Michi, L. Minto, F. Chiereghin, C. Genovese, R. Foppa, A. Fedrizzi
{"title":"Forest fire or other dangerous situations: safety procedure for overhead lines","authors":"E. Carlini, L. Michi, L. Minto, F. Chiereghin, C. Genovese, R. Foppa, A. Fedrizzi","doi":"10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893408","url":null,"abstract":"Group owns 99.7% of the National Transmission Grid (NTG), which is one of the most modern and technologically-advanced transmission grids in Europe. Terna is the largest independent electricity transmission network operator in Europe and one of the world's leading operators in terms of the number of kilometres of overhead line managed, with around 72,900 kilometres of high-voltage lines. These lines cover a quite extensive area and are therefore constantly subject to weather events. In some cases it is necessary to switch off the line to manage dangerous situations. In the last few years, extreme weather events have been getting more and more frequent due to climate change. Dry weather and high temperatures increase the wildfire risk close to high-voltage overhead lines. In this context, the procedures for manage the event involve actors (Terna, fire fighters …), several of them not electrical operators; the article describes the procedure, including in the Annex of the Italian Grid Code, and specific issues that have emerged from the operating experience, to coordinate all operators during dangerous situations. The procedure is the result of an agreement between Terna and the other operators, such as the Italian Civil Protection Agency.","PeriodicalId":134409,"journal":{"name":"2019 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114289086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Bassi, L. Caciolli, G. Giannuzzi, A. Giorgi, Niccolò Nesi, Luciano Vignolini
{"title":"High Resistance Faults in EHV/HV grids: EF protections and detection logics","authors":"F. Bassi, L. Caciolli, G. Giannuzzi, A. Giorgi, Niccolò Nesi, Luciano Vignolini","doi":"10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893384","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes protection systems currently used by Terna on National Transmission Grid. It deals with distance protections, line differential protections and protections against high resistive faults (in the following GAR from Italian acronym of Guasti Altamente Resistivi), with reference to issues related with high resistance single-phase to ground faults. The characteristics of the latter are analyzed, showing the range of compensated fault resistance and illustrating Terna's current application on some critical 132 kV and 220 kV lines. A possible evolution, which overcomes some current limitations of GAR protection (e.g. application to double circuit lines) are described in last part","PeriodicalId":134409,"journal":{"name":"2019 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"47 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113970962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Voltage Dips in Power Quality - a Brief Review","authors":"M. Buzdugan","doi":"10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893404","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is intended to be a brief review of an utmost important power quality events, namely voltage dips/sags, that determine annoyances in the normal operation of equipment, especially of the sensitive ones. After the basic definitions of power quality from the introductory section, the main sources of voltage dips, their parameters, the effects they produce, along with a few mitigation measures are addressed. The main indices quantifying the performance of power systems according to the IEEE 1564–2014 guide are consequently presented. The final section is devoted to a short analysis of several measurements performed by the author at the secondary windings of a transformer substation, in terms of time and harmonic analysis.","PeriodicalId":134409,"journal":{"name":"2019 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125551131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Pasetti, S. Rinaldi, E. Sisinni, P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, E. Ragaini, M. Longo, D. Zaninelli
{"title":"On the Use of Synchronized LoRaWAN for the Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources in Smart Grids","authors":"M. Pasetti, S. Rinaldi, E. Sisinni, P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, E. Ragaini, M. Longo, D. Zaninelli","doi":"10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893322","url":null,"abstract":"The recent advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are laying down the foundations of future energy systems. The growing availability of reliable and cost-effective ICT solutions are indeed offering the opportunity for the implementation of advanced monitoring and control functions over Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), thus fostering the transition towards decentralized and decarbonized energy systems. The integration of ICT in electrical equipment (such as power converters, metering devices, and protections) is essential for the monitoring and the coordinated control of heterogeneous energy resources, particularly in intermittent and distributed scenarios. Nevertheless, the implementation of such control approaches relies, in the end, on the availability of proper communication infrastructures. The adoption of wired infrastructures (such as field-bus, ethernet, or fiber optic systems) may however imply high installation costs, particularly for complex end-users' systems. To cope with this issue, in this study the use of a wireless network based on the LoRaWAntechnology is proposed to implement the monitoring and the coordinated control of dispersed DERs. A proper communication architecture is proposed and discussed in terms of the required coverage range and latency. Finally, a scalability analysis is also presented, which aims at evaluating the number of devices that can be supervised by a single LoRaWAngateway, by considering the expected data throughput, and the duty cycle limitations.","PeriodicalId":134409,"journal":{"name":"2019 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125052219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Brunelli, T. S. Cinotti, Hugo Woehrl, Cristiano Aguzzi, Federico Montori, L. Benini
{"title":"An interoperable tool-chain for energy monitoring applications","authors":"D. Brunelli, T. S. Cinotti, Hugo Woehrl, Cristiano Aguzzi, Federico Montori, L. Benini","doi":"10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893354","url":null,"abstract":"Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) is the disaggregation of the power consumption of individual appliances from agglomerated measurements taken from a single point of measure. The paper proposes a NILM methodology based on load signature analysis, and it then suggests that to deploy NILM in the large, a set of interoperable tools should support each stakeholder of the NILM value chain. This tool-chain is made interoperable by a shared domain model based on well-known ontologies, such as Saref and Schema. The paper shows that this approach enables smooth NILM-based industrial innovation, because the toolchain may be easily extended to provide capabilities such as predictive appliance maintenance, appliance aging understanding, fault detection and interaction with the utility companies. The paper proposes a NILM toolchain development road-map based on an interoperability platform named Arrowhead to increase the value proposition of the NILM device.","PeriodicalId":134409,"journal":{"name":"2019 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128527741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ismail A. Soliman, Hossam A. Abd el-Ghany, A. Azmy
{"title":"A Comprehensive Differential Protection Scheme for Delta Hexagonal Phase Angle Regulating Transformers","authors":"Ismail A. Soliman, Hossam A. Abd el-Ghany, A. Azmy","doi":"10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893330","url":null,"abstract":"Differential protection suffers from some factors that affect its performance such as current transformers (CTs) saturation and inrush current. This paper presents a comprehensive differential protection scheme for delta hexagonal phase angle regulating transformers that considers these factors. The relay inputs are the transformer terminal currents and the position of the load tap changer. The relay operating and restraining currents are calculated depending on the calculation of the excitation currents. The excitation winding currents are calculated depending on the Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) and Ampere's circuital law for the delta hexagonal transformer. The second and the fifth order harmonics are calculated as indications of inrush current and core saturation, respectively. The used scheme makes the protection of this transformer similar to the protection of the two-winding power transformers that use two CTs per phase with the tap position. The results prove the possibility of generalizing this scheme for other types of phase angle regulating transformers.","PeriodicalId":134409,"journal":{"name":"2019 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130530156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Zappacosta, L. Bocciolini, F. Piccioli, M. Macherelli, D. Massini, Niccolò Vanni
{"title":"Overview of measurement chain and instrumentation setup for running dynamics on-track tests - normal method - according to EN -14363 standard","authors":"C. Zappacosta, L. Bocciolini, F. Piccioli, M. Macherelli, D. Massini, Niccolò Vanni","doi":"10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893424","url":null,"abstract":"The homologation of railway vehicles in Europe is ruled by EN-14363. It defines testing scenarios, experimental setups, data post-processing procedures and the limit values to be respected by a number of different parameters, mainly associated with vehicle safety. The key role of the entire homologation process is represented by the instrumentation setup and the measurement chain, which are essential in getting accurate parameters which has to represent physical quantities with only marginal uncertainties. Among all the measured parameters, contact forces between the train wheelset and rails retain a significant importance in the Normal Method, requested by the standard. Since, unlike other physical quantities (e.g. accelerations or displacements), contact forces cannot be measured directly during train rides, it is nodal to have a consistent and coherent theoretical model to correlate measurable quantities such as strains and displacements measured on wheelsets with real contact forces. Following this approach, it is crucial to have a robust and reliable measurement chain able to acquire right values of those quantities and transfer them on the elaboration unit. The scope of this paper is hence to present a brief overview of this measurement chain, of the solutions adopted with its points of strength and the encountered issues. In conclusion, future developments of the system will be briefly hinted at.","PeriodicalId":134409,"journal":{"name":"2019 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130351517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EV Flexibility Supply via Participation in Balancing Services: Possible Profitability for Italian End Users","authors":"S. Canevese, D. Cirio, M. Gallanti, A. Gatti","doi":"10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893332","url":null,"abstract":"Thanks to their fast and highly controllable power response, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), including those in Electric Vehicles (EVs), could usefully contribute to ancillary service supply, thus enhancing power system flexibility. In this work, the supply, by EVs, of balancing services on the Italian Balancing Market (BM) is simulated, to inquire the related possible profitability for the EV owners. More precisely, for a domestic and a non-domestic end user, with different recharge needs, the EV electricity bill related to supplying the service - in a one-directional (V1G) or bi-directional (V2G) way - while recharging is evaluated, in comparison to carrying out standard (“benchmark”) recharge where energy is assumed to be bought at day-ahead market prices. A sensitivity analysis of the results is carried out, by adopting different (although constant) prices to bid for the service. With the V2G recharge, the increased energy exchanges, with respect to the V1G and to the benchmark recharge, can yield increased bills due to the charges and taxes on such exchanges. However, both for the V1G and for the V2G recharge, price regions are found for which the service can be deemed to be profitable, i.e. with the bill lower than or equal to the benchmark bill. The profitability price regions are widened, and the maximum saving with respect to the benchmark bill is increased, if partial reliefs from charges in the bill and/or an additional remuneration for capacity availability are introduced.","PeriodicalId":134409,"journal":{"name":"2019 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130449834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-Layer RNN-based Short-term Photovoltaic Power Forecasting using IoT Dataset","authors":"Neungsoo Park, H. Ahn","doi":"10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893348","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic power fluctuation in daytime is one of critical problems for the efficient and stable operation of the smart grid. To respond the PV power fluctuation resulting from weather change, the short-term PV power forecasting algorithm using multi-layer RNN is proposed in this paper. It consists of multiple RNN layers using power and meteorological data which are collected by on-site IoT (Internet of Things) sensors. Experimental results showed that the accuracies of the short-term PV power prediction of 5 minutes and 1 hour later using 3 RNN layers with 12 time-step were 98.02% and 96.58% based on the normalized RMSE, respectively. These experimental results confirmed that the proposed short-term prediction algorithm using multi-layer RNN model was applicable to respond the short-term PV power fluctuation.","PeriodicalId":134409,"journal":{"name":"2019 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126678484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Vatta, A. Soranzo, M. Comisso, G. Buttazzoni, F. Babich
{"title":"Performance Study of a Class of Irregular LDPC Codes through Low Complexity Bounds on Their Belief-Propagation Decoding Thresholds","authors":"F. Vatta, A. Soranzo, M. Comisso, G. Buttazzoni, F. Babich","doi":"10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT.2019.8893306","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates about the usefulness of some recently published low complexity upper bounds on belief-propagation decoding thresholds for irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes to analyze their performance on memoryless binary input - additive white Gaussian noise (BI-AWGN) channels, with sum-product decoding. Irregular LDPC codes are known to perform better than regular ones, and to exhibit, like them, the so called “threshold phenomenon”, being the threshold defined as the maximum noise level such that an arbitrarily small bit-error probability can be achieved as the block length tends to infinity. We use a simplified analysis of the belief-propagation decoding algorithm, i.e., consider a Gaussian approximation for message densities under density evolution, and a simple algorithmic method, defined recently, to estimate the decoding thresholds for regular and irregular LDPC codes on BI-AWGN channels.","PeriodicalId":134409,"journal":{"name":"2019 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128486862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}