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Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction最新文献

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The UN Process to Develop an International Legally Binding Instrument under the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention: Issues and Challenges 联合国根据1982年《海洋法公约》制定具有法律约束力的国际文书的进程:问题与挑战
Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction Pub Date : 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.1163/9789004391703_002
D. Freestone
{"title":"The UN Process to Develop an International Legally Binding Instrument under the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention: Issues and Challenges","authors":"D. Freestone","doi":"10.1163/9789004391703_002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004391703_002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":133603,"journal":{"name":"Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115593284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Mare Geneticum: towards an Implementing Agreement for Marine Genetic Resources in International Waters 遗传海洋:迈向国际水域海洋遗传资源执行协定
Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction Pub Date : 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.1163/9789004391703_012
T. Vanagt, A. Broggiato, L. Lallier, M. Jaspars, G. Burton, Dominic Muyldermans
{"title":"Mare Geneticum: towards an Implementing Agreement for Marine Genetic Resources in International Waters","authors":"T. Vanagt, A. Broggiato, L. Lallier, M. Jaspars, G. Burton, Dominic Muyldermans","doi":"10.1163/9789004391703_012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004391703_012","url":null,"abstract":"A fair and effective regime regulating benefit-sharing of marine genetic resources (MGR) in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) must consider the inclusion of developing states, support scientific research and safeguard investments of the private sector. The present innovative proposal ensures a delicate balance through an approach based on open access, albeit with limitations. Access to MGR in ABNJ is facilitated, but conditional on the public release of collected samples and raw data. Adoption of the open access principle guarantees a powerful form of non-monetary benefit-sharing. The balance is maintained by the option for an extended embargo period, allowing samples and data to be kept confidential for a certain period, against payment to a biodiversity contribution fund. Monetary benefit-sharing, as a sector-negotiated percentage on revenue, could be imposed at the point of product commercialisation, and would offer a tangible payment system with a low transaction cost.","PeriodicalId":133603,"journal":{"name":"Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125396073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Principles Applicable to Modern Ocean Governance 现代海洋治理原则
Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction Pub Date : 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.1163/9789004391703_003
D. Freestone
{"title":"Principles Applicable to Modern Ocean Governance","authors":"D. Freestone","doi":"10.1163/9789004391703_003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004391703_003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":133603,"journal":{"name":"Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125396118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Current ‘Light’ and ‘Heavy’ Options for Benefit-sharing in the Context of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 当前在《联合国海洋法公约》范围内利益分享的“轻”和“重”选择
Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction Pub Date : 2018-11-13 DOI: 10.1163/15718085-12334012
Gaute Voigt-Hanssen
{"title":"Current ‘Light’ and ‘Heavy’ Options for Benefit-sharing in the Context of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea","authors":"Gaute Voigt-Hanssen","doi":"10.1163/15718085-12334012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12334012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000An international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) will need to address “Marine Genetic Resources (MGRs), including questions on the sharing of benefits” from areas outside national jurisdiction (ABNJ). Existing international models of benefit-sharing have all evolved in the context of national jurisdiction and cannot readily be put to use in ABNJ. Current use of MGRs from ABNJ is practically non-existent, although any instrument or model would have to both cater for this situation and provide for any potential technological development and increase in use. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified overview of options for access and benefit-sharing, drawing on existing models from international and national instruments. Existing options could be analysed through separating access from benefit-sharing and assessing them factually in terms of how ‘light’ and ‘heavy’ they are.","PeriodicalId":133603,"journal":{"name":"Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction","volume":"7 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127405403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Research for Regions: Strengthening Marine Technology Transfer for Pacific Island Countries and Biodiversity beyond National Jurisdiction 区域研究:加强太平洋岛屿国家海洋技术转让和国家管辖范围以外的生物多样性
Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction Pub Date : 2017-11-07 DOI: 10.1163/15718085-13204023
H. Harden‐Davies
{"title":"Research for Regions: Strengthening Marine Technology Transfer for Pacific Island Countries and Biodiversity beyond National Jurisdiction","authors":"H. Harden‐Davies","doi":"10.1163/15718085-13204023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-13204023","url":null,"abstract":"Pacific Island Countries have limited capacity to engage in scientific research involving marine genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). Marine scientific research and capacity development are central to the regime for technology transfer established by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC), but gaps and ambiguities weaken this framework. In this article, options to strengthen scientific capacity in Pacific Island Countries, through the development of a new international legally binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in ABNJ under the LOSC, are examined. The international framework for technology transfer could be strengthened by fostering an integrated approach to the advancement, sharing and application of scientific knowledge. Coordination and collaboration at global and regional levels will be required to increase marine science cooperation, improve access to data and information, deliver training, and overcome barriers to develop institutional and individual scientific capacity.","PeriodicalId":133603,"journal":{"name":"Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116190400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Preliminary Thoughts on Marine Spatial Planning in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction 域外区域海洋空间规划的初步思考
Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction Pub Date : 2017-09-18 DOI: 10.1163/15718085-12323029
Vasco Becker-Weinberg
{"title":"Preliminary Thoughts on Marine Spatial Planning in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction","authors":"Vasco Becker-Weinberg","doi":"10.1163/15718085-12323029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12323029","url":null,"abstract":"The conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction is one of the most controversial issues facing the law of the sea, and one that will probably be the scope of a new implementing agreement of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC). The agreement will address a set of challenges not on the agenda at the time LOSC was drafted, constituting an opportunity for addressing innovative notions, but also to question established ones as States attempt to ensure the compatibility between the former and the latter. One of the many challenges and a key aspect is the adoption of area-based management tools such as marine spatial planning. This article examines the existing legal gap regarding the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction and the use of marine spatial planning as an essential area-based management tool.","PeriodicalId":133603,"journal":{"name":"Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121319662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Submarine Telecommunication Cables and a Biodiversity Agreement in ABNJ: Finding New Routes for Cooperation 海底电信电缆和ABNJ生物多样性协议:寻找新的合作路线
Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction Pub Date : 2017-02-22 DOI: 10.1163/15718085-12341425
A. Friedman
{"title":"Submarine Telecommunication Cables and a Biodiversity Agreement in ABNJ: Finding New Routes for Cooperation","authors":"A. Friedman","doi":"10.1163/15718085-12341425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341425","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016, countries began meeting at the United Nations ( UN ) to prepare for negotiations to develop an international legally binding instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction ( ABNJ ). How the instrument will relate to submarine cables, if at all, remains to be decided. The preparatory committee will address a “package” of issues, among them the application of area-based management tools, including marine protected areas ( MPA s) and environmental impact assessments ( EIA s) to activities in ABNJ . EIA s and MPA s already affect submarine cable operations in national jurisdictions. In ABNJ , a new instrument should formalize a cooperative framework with the cable industry to provide limited environmental management where necessary without over-burdening cable operations. This approach would be consistent with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and could also inform governance with respect to other activities likely to be benign in ABNJ .","PeriodicalId":133603,"journal":{"name":"Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124952802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The Proposed LOSC Implementation Agreement on Areas beyond National Jurisdiction and Its Impact on International Fisheries Law 拟议的关于国家管辖范围以外地区的海洋法公约执行协定及其对国际渔业法的影响
Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction Pub Date : 2016-11-22 DOI: 10.1163/15718085-12341411
R. Barnes
{"title":"The Proposed LOSC Implementation Agreement on Areas beyond National Jurisdiction and Its Impact on International Fisheries Law","authors":"R. Barnes","doi":"10.1163/15718085-12341411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341411","url":null,"abstract":"As the development of an implementation agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction gathers pace, it is important to consider how this might impact upon international fisheries law. Although the proposed agreement provides an opportunity to addresses governance gaps both generally and with respect to fisheries, we should not expect too much of it; not least because the inclusion per se of fisheries remains debated by States. Also, positive institutional developments are already occurring beyond this United Nations process. The proposed implementation agreement should not undermine existing laws, but it is unlikely to leave them untouched. The application of integrated governance principles, and the use of area-based management tools and environmental impact assessment will necessarily influence fisheries regulation in ABNJ. Accordingly, care should be taken to ensure that any innovative governance tools are adapted to existing institutional capacities and circumstances.","PeriodicalId":133603,"journal":{"name":"Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130919702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
International Legal Obligations for Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋环境影响评价和战略环境评价的国际法律义务
Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction Pub Date : 2016-02-29 DOI: 10.1163/15718085-12341385
Gunnar Sander
{"title":"International Legal Obligations for Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Arctic Ocean","authors":"Gunnar Sander","doi":"10.1163/15718085-12341385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341385","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental impact assessment ( EIA ) and strategic environmental assessment ( SEA ) are procedures for the prior assessment of impacts of proposed developments before decisions are taken. Customary law and most international agreements relevant for the Arctic Ocean are unspecific about assessment tools and content. The Espoo Convention and its SEA Protocol are the only specialised instruments available. They do not cover marine activities well, and not all the Arctic Ocean coastal states are parties. Other problems in the assessment regime are related to uneven geographical and sectoral coverage. Weaknesses may be addressed both globally in the negotiations on a new instrument under the Law of the Sea Convention ( LOSC ) on biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction, and in a regional process under the Arctic Council. Important improvements would be the creation of a more specific default mechanism for prior assessment of marine activities and closer linkage of assessments with substantive goals.","PeriodicalId":133603,"journal":{"name":"Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133301894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
The Proposed Implementing Agreement: Options for Coherence and Consistency in the Establishment of Protected Areas beyond National Jurisdiction 拟议的执行协定:建立国家管辖范围以外保护区的连贯性和一致性的备选办法
Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction Pub Date : 2015-10-19 DOI: 10.1163/15718085-12341375
D. Tladi
{"title":"The Proposed Implementing Agreement: Options for Coherence and Consistency in the Establishment of Protected Areas beyond National Jurisdiction","authors":"D. Tladi","doi":"10.1163/15718085-12341375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341375","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to provide initial thoughts on potential conflicts between the mandates of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) and any mechanisms for establishing Marine Protected Areas in the high seas and how these conflicts might be avoided. The article addresses first, whether the fears that may exist concerning the conflicts are, as a matter of international law, real and to the extent that they are real, how an Implementing Agreement (IA) might be shaped to avoid them. As the article is intended to provide only initial thoughts, the range of RFMOs and possible conflicts are only illustrative and are not intended to be comprehensive. With the potential conflicts in mind, the article then provides, in the third section, possible approaches that the drafters of the IA could adopt to avoid and/or mitigate against them. Finally, the article offers some concluding remarks.","PeriodicalId":133603,"journal":{"name":"Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117253504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
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