Haijun Zhang, Dong Wang, Shuqing Wu, Wanqing Guan, Xiangnan Liu
{"title":"USTB 6G: Key Technologies and Metaverse Applications","authors":"Haijun Zhang, Dong Wang, Shuqing Wu, Wanqing Guan, Xiangnan Liu","doi":"10.1109/mwc.012.2300077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.012.2300077","url":null,"abstract":"Metaverse applications would play a vital role in 6G. To meet the diverse requirements of different services in Metaverse and also satisfy the demands for green communication, the University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB) has constructed a 6G platform and implemented key technologies on it. This article introduces the artificial intelligence (AI) based USTB 6G framework, and focuses on the key technologies and metaverse applications implemented. First, the AI based USTB 6G architecture and its corresponding software module are presented. Next, network slicing technology in USTB 6G with the AI-driven intelligent management and energy-saving green technology is discussed. Finally, Metaverse applications, such as virtual reality (VR) and integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) are presented.","PeriodicalId":13342,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138437318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Aided Optical Wireless Communications: Opportunities, Challenges, And Trends","authors":"Haibo Wang, Zaichen Zhang, Bingcheng Zhu, Jian Dang, Liang Wu","doi":"10.1109/mwc.001.2200604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.2200604","url":null,"abstract":"As communication technology continues to develop, the demand for capacity and spectrum resources is also increasing. With the abundant spectrum resources and high energy efficiency, optical wireless communication (OWC) has become one of the key technologies in future wireless communication systems. However, due to the high frequency characteristics of optical signals, traditional OWC systems, such as free space optical communication (FSO) and visible light communication (VLC), suffer from low degrees of freedom, low robustness, and low energy efficiency, which limits its application. Optical reconfigurable intelligent surface (ORIS), as a new type of optical communication device, can change the direction, shape, amplitude, phase, and other characteristics of the optical beam. ORIS is expected to improve the defects and expand the application scenarios of OWC systems. In this article, we provide an overview of ORIS technologies and architectures, study typical cases of ORIS-aided OWC systems, and highlight key challenges in this area.","PeriodicalId":13342,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","volume":"17 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138437436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Songwei Zhang, Fu Xiao, Lejun Zhang, Fengbiao Zan, Tie Qiu
{"title":"A Quantum-Behaved Heterogeneous Topology Optimization Model For Optical Wireless Communication Networks","authors":"Songwei Zhang, Fu Xiao, Lejun Zhang, Fengbiao Zan, Tie Qiu","doi":"10.1109/mwc.005.2300073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.005.2300073","url":null,"abstract":"Optical wireless communication technology has become an effective supplementary access method in the future 6G communication due to its advantages of high bandwidth and low cost. However, the limited communication distance and unfavorable weather seriously affect the quality of service of optical wireless communication. How to plan the heterogeneous topology composed of base stations and terminals is very important to ensure the robustness and communication efficiency of optical wireless communication networks. Byanalyzing the relationship between these two indicators, and introducing the idea of quantum particle swarm, we propose a quantum-behaved multi-objective topology optimization model to enhance the robustness and communication efficiency of optical wireless communication networks. This model utilizes the uncertainty of quantum behavior to get rid of the limitation that particle swarms cannot explore a larger solution space due to the upper limit of speed, and enhance the global exploration ability of particles. In addition, the adaptive grid method is adopted to divide the non-inferior solutions, so that the solution distribution is more uniform, and the effect of topology optimization is further improved. The experiments show that compared with the traditional multi-objective particle swarm algorithm, our model can greatly improve the robustness and communication efficiency of optical wireless communication networks.","PeriodicalId":13342,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138437435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Wang, Jiaxi Wang, Yixue Hao, Long Hu, Salman A. Alqahtani, Min Chen
{"title":"C3Meta: A Context-Aware Cloud-Edge-End Collaboration Framework Toward Green Metaverse","authors":"Rui Wang, Jiaxi Wang, Yixue Hao, Long Hu, Salman A. Alqahtani, Min Chen","doi":"10.1109/mwc.013.2300082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.013.2300082","url":null,"abstract":"The Metaverse aims to provide an immersive and interactive experience for people by digitizing the physical world to the virtual world using sensing, communication, and computation technology. However, the seamless transmission of massive data in the communication network and the intensive computation brought by large models in the Metaverse have raised concerns over energy consumption and carbon emissions. To address this issue, this article designs a Context-aware Cloud-edge-end Collaboration framework to establish an energy-efficient green Metaverse system (C3Me-ta) from the six aspects via the collaboration of end, edge, and cloud based on the system condition and information flow. We take the smart city as the case study of C3Meta and focus on a typical crowd counting task in the field of intelligent monitoring to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. A series of key technologies, including key frame detection, adaptive partition, offloading location decision, and virtual scene reconstruction, are illustrated to achieve the trade-off between detection performance and energy consumption. An experimental platform is established to verify the performance of the proposed framework, and the results show C3Meta is an energy-saving method while maintaining low delay and high detection performance in the real-time system. The C3Meta framework has the potential to contribute to a sustainable and environmentally friendly Metaverse.","PeriodicalId":13342,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138437315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xumin Huang, Yuan Wu, Jiawen Kang, Jiangtian Nie, Weifeng Zhong, Dong In Kim, Shengli Xie
{"title":"Service Reservation and Pricing for Green Metaverses: A Stackelberg Game Approach","authors":"Xumin Huang, Yuan Wu, Jiawen Kang, Jiangtian Nie, Weifeng Zhong, Dong In Kim, Shengli Xie","doi":"10.1109/mwc.014.2300095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.014.2300095","url":null,"abstract":"Metaverse enables users to communicate, collaborate and socialize with each other through their digital avatars. Due to the spatio-temporal characteristics, co-located users are served well by performing their software components in a collaborative manner such that a Metaverse service provider (MSP) eliminates redundant data transmission and processing, ultimately reducing the total energy consumption. The energy-efficient service provision is crucial for enabling the green and sustainable Metaverse. In this article, we take an augmented reality (AR) application as an example to achieve this goal. Moreover, we study an economic issue on how the users reserve offloading services from the MSP and how the MSP determines an optimal charging price since each user is rational to decide whether to accept the offloading service by taking into account the monetary cost. A single-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game is formulated between the MSP and users while each user optimizes an offloading probability to minimize the weighted sum of time, energy consumption and monetary cost. Numerical results show that our scheme achieves energy savings and satisfies individual rationality simultaneously compared with the conventional schemes. Finally, we identify and discuss open directions on how several emerging technologies are combined with the sustainable green Metaverse.","PeriodicalId":13342,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138437320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards Information-Centric Vehicular Cloud: Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunities","authors":"Xiaonan Wang, Xinyan Qian, Xingwei Wang","doi":"10.1109/mwc.017.2200426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.017.2200426","url":null,"abstract":"At present, road-safety problems such as traffic accidents have become increasingly serious. In the next ten years, road safety problems will lead to 13 million deaths if no effective measures are taken. Rapid retrieval of road information can prevent most traffic accidents, so it is becoming an important measure to solve road-safety problems. However, with increasing complexity and diversification of road information, an individual vehicle can no longer produce the entire traffic and road information due to limitations of visual angles and resources. In this circumstance, the concept of Vehicular Cloud (VC) is proposed to enable resource sharing and collaboration among cloud members as a solution for overcoming resource limitations. In this article, we analyze the features of VC, the advantages of the information-centric model, and propose that the information-centric model could be an ideal solution for achieving VC. Then, we discuss the open challenges encountered in enabling VC using the information-centric model, as well as some possible solutions.","PeriodicalId":13342,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":"187-192"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62716268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}