{"title":"Adversarial Attacks and Defenses for Semantic Communication in Vehicular Metaverses","authors":"Jiawen Kang, Jiayi He, Hongyang Du, Zehui Xiong, Zhaohui Yang, Xumin Huang, Shengli Xie","doi":"10.1109/MWC.004.2200617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.004.2200617","url":null,"abstract":"For vehicular Metaverses, one of the ultimate user-centric goals is to optimize the immersive experience and Quality of Service (QoS) for users on board. Semantic Communication (SemCom) has been introduced as a revolutionary paradigm that significantly eases communication resource pressure for vehicular Metaverse applications to achieve this goal. SemCom enables high-quality and ultra-efficient vehicular communication, even with explosively increasing data traffic among vehicles. In this article, we propose a hierarchical SemCom-enabled vehicular Metaverses framework consisting of the global Metaverse, local Metaverses, SemCom module, and resource pool. The global and local Metaverse are brand-new concepts from the Metaverse's distribution stand-point. Considering the QoS of users, this article explores the potential security vulnerabilities of the proposed framework. To that purpose, this study highlights a specific security risk to the framework's SemCom module and offers a viable defense solution to encourage community researchers to focus more on vehicular Metaverse security. Finally, we provide an overview of the open issues of secure SemCom in the vehicular Metaverses, notably pointing out potential future research directions.","PeriodicalId":13342,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","volume":"30 1","pages":"48-55"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45629437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Task-Oriented Communication in Multi-Agent Systems","authors":"Guojun He, Mingjie Feng, Yu Zhang, Guanghua Liu, Yueyue Dai, Tao Jiang","doi":"10.1109/MWC.003.2200469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.003.2200469","url":null,"abstract":"Driven by the increasing demand for executing intelligent tasks in various fields, multi-agent system (MAS) has drawn significant attention recently. An MAS relies on efficient communication between agents to exchange task-relevant information, so as support cooperative operation. Meanwhile, traditional communication systems are bit-oriented, which neglect the content and task relevance of the transmitted data. Thus, if bit-oriented communication patterns are applied in a MAS, a significant amount of task-irrelevant data would be transmitted, leading to communication resource waste and low operational efficiency. Considering that many emerging MASs are data-intensive and delay-sensitive, traditional ways of communication are unfit for these MASs. Task-oriented communication is a promising solution to deal with this issue, but its application in MAS still faces various challenges. In this article, we propose a task-oriented communication based framework for MAS, aiming to support efficient cooperation among agents. This framework specifies the collection, transmission, and processing of task-relevant information, in which task relevance is fully utilized to enhance communication efficiency. Based on the proposed framework, we then apply deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to implement task-oriented communication, in which a modular design and an end-to-end design for information extraction, data transmission, and task execution are proposed. Finally, the open problems for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":13342,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","volume":"30 1","pages":"112-119"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46018285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Duong, Dang Van-Huynh, Saeed R. Khosravirad, Vishal Sharma, O. Dobre, Hyundong Shin
{"title":"From Digital Twin to Metaverse: The Role of 6G Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications with Multi-Tier Computing","authors":"T. Duong, Dang Van-Huynh, Saeed R. Khosravirad, Vishal Sharma, O. Dobre, Hyundong Shin","doi":"10.1109/MWC.014.2200371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.014.2200371","url":null,"abstract":"With the advanced development of digital twin (DT), mobile virtual reality, augmented reality, and tactile internet, metaverse has re-emerged as a new form of internet. However, it is still a long way off from fully achieving the immersive and pervasive metaverse experience. First and foremost, the wireless communications, networking, and computing for DT are still in their infancy, especially, to achieve the stringent quality-of-service (QoS) requirements in terms of very high data rate, ultra-high success reception rate, and minimal latency. Recently, multi-tier computing empowered wireless ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) in 6G have been considered as a key technique to realize the full potential of metaverse. This article discusses an innovative paradigm of URLLC multi-tier computing in 6G that supports DT networks for metaverse applications, not only fundamental requirements, but also enabling technologies, visions, and future challenges.","PeriodicalId":13342,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","volume":"30 1","pages":"140-146"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46439754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward 6G $text{TK}mu$ Extreme Connectivity: Architecture, Key Technologies and Experiments","authors":"Jianjie You, Dong Liu, Feng-Ming Yang, Jianjun Wu, Jian Lu, Xiaowu Chen, Wenguang Chen, Wen Gao","doi":"10.1109/MWC.004.2200482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.004.2200482","url":null,"abstract":"Sixth-generation (6G) networks are evolving toward new features and order-of-magnitude enhancement of systematic performance metrics compared to the current 5G. In particular, the 6G networks are expected to achieve extreme connectivity performance with Tbps-scale data rate, Kbps/Hz-scale spectral efficiency, and $mumathrm{s}$, -scale latency. To this end, an original three-layer 6G network architecture is designed to realize uniform full-spectrum cell-free radio access and provide task-centric agile proximate support for diverse applications. The designed architecture is featured by super edge node (SEN), which integrates connectivity, computing, Al, data, etc. On this basis, a technological framework of pervasive multi-level (PML) artificial intelligence (Al) is established in the centralized unit to enable task-centric near-real-time resource allocation and network automation. We then introduce a radio access network (RAN) architecture of full spectrum uniform cell-free networks, which is among the most attractive RAN candidates for 6G $text{TK}mu$ extreme connectivity. A few most promising key technologies, that is, cell-free massive MIMO, photonics-assisted Terahertz wireless access, and spatiotemporal two-dimensional channel coding are further discussed. A testbed is implemented and extensive trials are conducted to evaluate innovative technologies and methodologies. The proposed 6G network architecture and technological framework demonstrate exciting potentials for full-service and full-scenario applications.","PeriodicalId":13342,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","volume":"30 1","pages":"86-95"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44414841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guangquan Cheng, Chi Jiang, B. Yue, Ranran Wang, B. Alzahrani, Yin Zhang
{"title":"AI-Driven Proactive Content Caching for 6G","authors":"Guangquan Cheng, Chi Jiang, B. Yue, Ranran Wang, B. Alzahrani, Yin Zhang","doi":"10.1109/MWC.021.2200535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.021.2200535","url":null,"abstract":"To address the limitations of the current proactive content caching technology for the 6th generation (6G) mobile network, this article comprehensively analyzes the complex application scenarios of proactive content caching technology for wireless edge networks. It constructs an accurate content popularity prediction model, develops a user-device-oriented proactive content caching mechanism, establishes an interpretable cached content replacement strategy, and designs a reliable interdevice content sharing service model to achieve accurate, effective, trustworthy, and practical results. In this article, we analyze the proactive content caching technology for wireless edge networks. Based on the analysis of the core theory and application scenarios of proactive content caching in wireless edge networks, this article focuses on improving the hit rate of content caching in edge devices, improving the quality-of-experience (QoE) of end-users accessing content, enhancing the robustness of proactive content caching schemes, and conducting in-depth research on the key technologies and methods involved. The proposed proactive content caching technology for wireless edge networks is validated and improved through experimental research.","PeriodicalId":13342,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","volume":"30 1","pages":"180-188"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43065008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementing Graph Neural Networks Over Wireless Networks via Over-the-Air Computing: A Joint Communication and Computation Framework","authors":"Yuzhi Yang, Zhaoyang Zhang, Yuqing Tian, Richeng Jin, Chongwen Huang","doi":"10.1109/MWC.012.2200552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.012.2200552","url":null,"abstract":"A Graph Neural Network (GNN) conducts the graph convolution for structured data and obtains the weighted sum over the vertices according to its graph structure. However, in the context of a wireless network, the traditional separate implementation of a GNN usually requires the full channel state information, which is hard to obtain in practice, especially for the underlying interference channels. On the other hand, Over-the-Air Computing (OAC) is an efficient analog wireless technique in which the weighted sum can be simultaneously calculated over an equivalent wireless superposition channel. Since the main goal of a distributed learning-based system is the fulfillment of the overall learning task instead of its communication rate, OAC is of great potential for implementing such a system. In this article, we exploit some specific features of the wireless interference graphs and propose a novel task-ori-ented OAC-based framework to deploy GNNs more efficiently in wireless networks. In particu-lar, we take advantage of the structural similarity between OAC and the graph convolution oper-ation over an interference graph, and the chan-nel prediction procedure can be merged into the weight updating procedure. Moreover, the inher-ent noise tolerance of a neural network further ensures its convergence and performance. We also conduct case studies based on the proposed framework and discuss the comprehensive future research directions and open problems.","PeriodicalId":13342,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","volume":"30 1","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47403255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haijun Zhang, Hongyu Wang, Yabo Li, Keping Long, Victor C. M. Leung
{"title":"Toward Intelligent Resource Allocation on Task-Oriented Semantic Communication","authors":"Haijun Zhang, Hongyu Wang, Yabo Li, Keping Long, Victor C. M. Leung","doi":"10.1109/MWC.008.2200504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.008.2200504","url":null,"abstract":"Task-oriented semantic communication (TOSC) has significant advantages in reducing the amount of data transmission and alleviating the scarcity of spectrum resources. Unlike traditional communication, the resource allocation in semantic communication is tightly linked to target intelligent tasks and specific interaction requirements. In this article, the intelligent resource allocation in a task-oriented manner is investigated. To further improve spectrum utilization and energy sustainability, a communication network combining energy harvesting (EH), cognitive radio (CR), and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is considered. This article proposes a semantic-aware resource allocation scheme in the EH-CR-NOMA scenario, where the quality of experience (QoE) is adopted as the evaluation metric. To achieve the preferential occupation of resources by data with richer semantic information, a joint optimization problem of the transmit power, time slot division factor, and semantic compression ratio of the semantic communication user is formulated. With the goal of maximizing the long-term QoE of TOSC, a two-tier deep reinforcement learning framework is designed to solve the semantic-aware resource allocation problem. By striking a trade-off between semantic rate and semantic fidelity, the proposed scheme can better satisfy user intentions.","PeriodicalId":13342,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","volume":"30 1","pages":"70-77"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45151400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward A Task Offloading Framework Based on Cyber Digital Twins in Mobile Edge Computing","authors":"Bin Tan, Lihua Ai, Min Wang, Jiaxi Wang","doi":"10.1109/MWC.020.2200533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.020.2200533","url":null,"abstract":"In the metaverse, the concept of the digital twin has been expanded from modeling industrial manufacturing to the counterpart of physical objects in cyberspace. The cyber digital twin is updated using real-time data and reasoning to improve decision-making, which imposes a high computational demand on the mobile edge. Mobile edge computing (MEC) provides computing resources for mobile devices to handle complex tasks, addressing the shortcomings of mobile devices in performance. Cyber digital twins with artificial intelligence (AI) capability have great advantages in addressing complex and changing environments. In this article, we propose a cyber digital twin-based mobile edge computing framework, which integrates artificial intelligence into mobile edge networks to enable intelligent resource management. We address the edge computation offloading task through formulating an optimization problem that minimizes the latency of a mobile user via MEC server selection and power allocation. Our solution employs a reinforcement learning-based algorithm, which we demonstrate to be effective. The experimental results show that the cyber digital twin based framework with artificial intelligence capability can further reduce task processing latency and improve the quality of service provided to users.","PeriodicalId":13342,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","volume":"30 1","pages":"157-162"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44818393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visual E2C: AI-Driven Visual End-Edge-Cloud Architecture for 6G in Low-Carbon Smart Cities","authors":"Zheming Yang, Dieli Hu, Qi Guo, Lulu Zuo, Wen Ji","doi":"10.1109/MWC.019.2200518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.019.2200518","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of 6G wireless communication technology, the emergence of rich multimedia data for massive devices will lead to greater intensive computations and energy consumption. However, the requirements from both green communication and international low-carbon strategy can be challenging. In this article, we first systematically analyze the key challenges from the perspective of 6G networks for low-carbon smart city development. Then we propose an AI-driven visual end-edge-cloud architecture (E2C), which extends upon the conventional design from the perspective of human-machine fusion and carbon emission optimization. We provide systematical analysis and intelligent computing methods for carbon emission in visual end-edge-cloud architecture. This architecture can enable the provision of E2C AI intelligence for 6G networks through hybrid hierarchical optimization mechanisms. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that our proposed architecture has better performance in smart cities, achieving lower carbon emissions compared to traditional methods.","PeriodicalId":13342,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","volume":"30 1","pages":"204-210"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43362833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}