Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry最新文献

{"title":"Growing at the forest edges: how natural regeneration develops under fragmentation","authors":"L. Pereira Gomes, P. Borges Dias, H. Machado Dias, S. Horn Kunz","doi":"10.3832/ifor3834-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor3834-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"219 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75548029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allometric models for the estimation of foliage area and biomass from stem metrics in black locust","authors":"SR Tziaferidis, G. Spyroglou, MN Fotelli, K. Radoglou","doi":"10.3832/ifor3939-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor3939-015","url":null,"abstract":"Allometric equations relating trees’ vascular system and other stem metrics with foliage area and mass are important to estimate their growth, carbon stocks and interactions with abiotic environment in terms of carbon and water balance. In this study we focused on Robinia pseudoacacia restoration plantations in Greece and aimed at establishing species-specific models to predict foliage leaf area and biomass based on stem traits. In particular, we evaluated stem cross-sectional areas of sapwood, current sapwood and total stem (sap-wood and heartwood), measured at different tree heights, as predictors of leaf area and mass, based on the pipe model theory. Furthermore, we assessed the variation in the ratios of leaf area to different stem cross-sectional areas across the tree profile and we examined the relationships of diameter at breast height (DBH) with diameter at the base of the live crown and with leaf area. Taking into account the trees’ DBH distribution according to the planta-tions’ inventory, 25 black locust individuals were destructively sampled and the relationships among the studied traits were analyzed by means of multiple and simple linear regression at p<0.001. Foliage dry mass and area were best predicted by total stem cross-sectional area at mid-bole and stump height (R 2 =0.81), followed by current sapwood area at stump height (R 2 =0.74), which outperformed the most often used sapwood area (R 2 =0.70). DBH was also reliably estimating tree leaf area (R 2 =0.72) but was less precise, compared to total cross-sectional area, while it was a useful proxy of diameter at the base of the live crown (R 2 =0.80). In line with the pipe model theory, the ratio of leaf area to total cross-sectional area declined across the canopy basipetally, but only when total cross-sectional area was considered. Deviations from the sap-wood-foliage functions described by the pipe model theory may be due to the small sample size and the variability in tree size in such developing restoration plantations. The produced species-specific relationships between stem and foliage metrics may be a useful tool to predict the carbon sequestration and climate change adaptation potential of black locust restoration plantations, which are often characterized by harsh site conditions.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82298496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dust accumulation on Quercus cerris L. leaves in the Ezer forest, Lebanon","authors":"R. Najib, T. Houri, Y. Khairallah, M. Khalil","doi":"10.3832/ifor3959-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor3959-015","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution arising from different sources represents a serious environmental threat to all living organisms, including vegetation. Monitoring air contamination levels is necessary to detect pollution levels, regulate atmospheric pollution, and ultimately improve ambient air quality. The current study evaluated the effects of air pollutants with a focus on dust and some biochemical and physiological properties of Quercus cerris L., which is growing in Lebanon’s Ezer forest, threatened by the presence of a public road on its northern side. The studied parameters include leaf extract pH, stomatal conductance, relative water content, hydrogen peroxide, proline, carotenoids, and air pollution tolerance index. These parameters can provide reliable information about the tolerance status of plants towards pollutants. Three sites with different exposure to vehicular activities were used to conduct this study, including a control site (unpolluted) and two polluted sites (S1 and S2). The results showed a significant reduction in stomatal conductance and relative water content at polluted sites compared with the control site. Hydrogen peroxide, proline, and carotenoids showed the highest levels at the S2 site, which is indicative of the fact that Quercus cerris undergoes established physiological and biochemical changes in response to environmental stress. Based on the air pollution tolerance index (4.97-9.85) Quercus cerris is categorized as a sensitive species that can be used as a biological monitor of environmental pollution. Thus, the development and implementation of efficient environmental action plans based on biomonitoring should be considered for protecting the forests.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87811891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of wood from the Amazon by characteristics of Haralick and Neural Network: image segmentation and polishing of the surface","authors":"GL de Souza Vieira, MJ Moutinho da Ponte, VH Pereira Moutinho, R. Jardim-Gonçalves, C. Pantoja Lima, MV de Albuquerque Vinagre","doi":"10.3832/ifor3906-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor3906-015","url":null,"abstract":"The identification of Amazonian timber species is a complex problem due to their great diversity and the lack of leaf material in the post-harvest inspec-tion often hampers a correct recognition of the wood species. In this context, we developed a pattern recognition system of wood images to identify commonly traded species, with the aim of increasing the accuracy and efficiency of current identification methods. We used ten different species with three polishing treatments and twenty images for each wood species. As for the image recognition system, the textural segmentation associated with Haralick characteristics and classified by Artificial Neural Networks was used. We veri-fied that the improvement of sandpaper granulometry increased the accuracy of species recognition. The developed model based on linear regression achieved a recognition rate of 94% in the training phase, and a post-training recognition rate of 65% for wood treated with 120-grit sandpaper mesh. We concluded that the wood pattern recognition model presented has the poten-tial to correctly identify the wood species studied.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81565218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest plantations with public subsidies: to harvest or not to harvest, this is the question","authors":"V. Olmo, M. Sigura, G. Alberti","doi":"10.3832/ifor3943-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor3943-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77353258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The patterns of nearest neighbor trees in a temperate forest","authors":"X. Chen, K. Bowman","doi":"10.3832/ifor4035-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4035-015","url":null,"abstract":"The nearest neighbor trees (NNTs) are essential for reflecting forest structure and spatial heterogeneity in a forest stand. It is not clear whether different tree species have varied patterns of NNTs in a small area due to biological interactions, whether big trees affect the nearest neighbors for diversity and re-cruitments, or whether a universal linear relationship between the distance of NNTs and their average DBH exists. In this study, the information of NNTs at two plots (each 30 × 100 m) in a temperate mixed broadleaved forest in Southern USA was collected by field survey. Our results indicated that approximately 80% of NNTs were within a distance of 1.5-4.0 m. Tulip poplar, oaks, and hickory trees did not have the same species as NNTs or were very limited. Carolina buckthorn had itself as an NNT but with fewer other species. Sugar maple could serve as the NNT for oaks, hickory and others. The relationships between the distance of an NNT and its cumulative percentage were different among varied species or groups. Overall, for trees and their NNTs, there existed complicated relationships between their sizes ( e.g. , height and DBH). Big trees might affect NNTs in diversity and recruitment. The suggested linear relationship between tree size and distance was not observed. The results could be helpful to manage forest structure (tree species and NNT) and provide evi-dence to improve the scaling theory on NNTs.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90924141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex networks, an innovative methodology for functional zoning in forest management","authors":"E. Serrano-Ramírez, J. Valdez-Lazalde, RA Mora-Gutiérrez, HM De Los Santos-Posadas, G. Ángeles-Pérez","doi":"10.3832/ifor3927-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor3927-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89066314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of anthropogenic, vegetation, and topographic features to forest fire occurrence in Poland","authors":"M. Ciesielski, R. Bałazy, B. Borkowski, W. Szczesny, M. Zasada, J. Kaczmarowski, M. Kwiatkowski, R. Szczygieł, S. Milanović","doi":"10.3832/ifor4052-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4052-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89836974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edge tree functional traits and their association with edaphic factors in seasonally dry forests in northern Thailand","authors":"L. Asanok, R. Taweesuk, T. Kamyo","doi":"10.3832/ifor3870-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor3870-015","url":null,"abstract":"The relationships between plant traits and soil properties in forest edges can provide insights into tree species recovery in edge habitats. In this study, we investigated the relationships between plant functional traits and soil conditions related to tree species recovery at the edges of two seasonally dry forests, a mixed deciduous forest (MDF) and a deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDF) in northern Thailand. We analyzed differences in functional trait diversity and community-level trait values between forests and performed RLQ analysis to assess the associations among species abundance, plant traits, and soil variables. We found that the MDF site had greater functional diversity and was dominated by plants with high specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry-matter content (LDMC) at the community level, whereas the DDF site had lower diversity and was dominated by plants with high wood density (WD) and leaf thickness (LT). The RLQ results indicated that at the MDF site, tree species with greater SLA ( e.g. , Pterocarpus macrocarpus, Dalbergia cultrata , and Phanera bracteata ) were associated with soil clay content and nutrient status ( i.e. , nitrogen and calcium). Species with greater LDMC and leaf size ( e.g. , Xylia xylocarpa, Schleichera oleosa , and Chukrasia tabularis ) were associated with soil organic matter content. At the DDF site, species with greater WD and LT ( e.g. , Dipterocarpus obtusifolius, Shorea siamensis , and Buchanania lanzan ) were associated with soil sand content and bulk density. These patterns reflect the interplay between soil conditions and plant traits in the edge habitats of seasonally dry forests. Our results indicate that the edge effects on plant communities within seasonally dry forests depend on soil conditions and species-spe-cific plant","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88575903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of fire on Pinus sylvestris L. as determined by dendroecological analysis (Sierra de Gredos, Spain)","authors":"M. Génova, P. Ortega, E. Sadornil","doi":"10.3832/ifor3727-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor3727-015","url":null,"abstract":"Iberian populations of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) have been declining since the late-glacial period; among those that remain, relict stands have great biological and ecological value. This paper investigates the effects of a 2009 fire on tree growth in one of these small populations in the Sierra de Gredos (Spain) by examining the responses recorded in the tree-ring width series of the surviving trees. The current status and distribution of these surviving trees reveal the severity of the fire; indeed most show scars or other evidence of fire damage. Dendroecological analysis revealed narrower tree rings, indicating negative pointer years for the year of the fire and the following year. A very significant reduction in growth was recorded for the years after the fire, both in terms of tree-ring width and basal area increment; incomplete and even absent rings were also recorded. No relationship was seen between these effects and climatic events. The dates and geographical extension of former possible disturbances were also investigated, using the data from these same trees plus information collected from others in the region. The vulnerability of these populations to past fires was evident. Lastly, given the problems affecting the regeneration of these relict populations, it is strongly suggested to ur-gently include all these populations in conservation and environmental management programs.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76761305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}