Indian journal of forensic and community medicine最新文献

{"title":"Sugar addiction and its role in obesity among adolescents residing in an urban field practice area of Bagalkot: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Suhasini R Kanyadi, Nabeel Ahmed Gadi, Kalpana Kulkarni","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.015","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity, a multi-factorial process is showing an increasing trend among children and adolescents leading to increased prevalence of insulin resistance, paving the way for cardio-metabolic risk factors. It has been proposed that certain food items as well as eating habits are addictive in a way that is similar to substances of abuse. Thus, this study was conducted among adolescents to determine the frequency of sugar addiction, the influencing factors and its association with obesity. A cross-sectional study was designed and 250 late adolescents (17–19 years old) chosen from colleges coming under urban field practice area of Bagalkot were enrolled in the study. A self-administered questionnaire which consisted of three sections - socio-demographic details, validated Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS) and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) was used to collect data regarding sugar addiction and physical activity in our study. Sugar addiction was found among 7.6%of adolescents and it was associated with overweight and obesity which was statistically significant (X=42.72, p<0.0001). Factors which significantly contributed to sugar addiction among adolescents were; adolescents staying in hostel (p<0.001), working mother’s (p<0.0001) and socio-economic status (p=0.02). Univariate analysis (unadjusted odds ratio) showed that risk factors such as sugar addiction (Odds ratio 9.6, 95% C.I. 2.18-42.8, p=0.003) and reduced physical activity (Odds ratio 3.8, 95% C.I. 2.02-7.26, p=0.0001) were associated with overweight and obesity.Incorporation of measures against hyper palatable sugary foods into public health policy recommendations and a further detailed evaluation regarding sugar addiction may provide a new insight and help in prevention and treatment of obesity.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"104 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of fasting plasma glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and glycated haemoglobin as markers of glycemic control in apparently healthy older adults in Nnewi","authors":"E. C. Ogbodo, C. E. Onah, A. Amah, Chinenye Stellamaris Okeke, Maryrose Oluchukwu Obiorah, Alozie Ogwuegbu Okezie, Romanus Ogai Ogalagu, Joy Chidinma Iwuji, Raphael Emmanuel Mbam, Samuel Chukwuemeka Meludu","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.013","url":null,"abstract":": Biochemical changes in glycemic indices have been linked to aging, and many individuals have asymptomatic hyperglycemia as they get older. This leads to metabolic dysregulation, which heightens vulnerability to a number of age-related chronic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus. : This cross-sectional study assessed the levels of fasting plasma glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and glycated haemoglobin as markers of glycemic control in apparently healthy older adults in Nnewi. A total of 144 participants were involved in this study: 72 older persons and 72 control subjects. The older adults were aged 45 to 75; while the control group was composed of individuals aged 18 to 30.  Six milliliters (6 ml) of fasting venous blood samples were collected from each participant for the determination of insulin (INS), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and plasma glucose (FPG) levels. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate INS, resin ion-exchange was used to estimate HbA1c, and glucose oxidase peroxidase was used to determine FPG. The Homeostasis Model Assessment Index (HOMA-IR) was used to calculate insulin resistance. : The mean FPG, HbA1c, INS and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in the older adults compared to control subjects respectively (p<0.05). Also, the mean FPG, HbA1c, INS and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in the older adult males and females compared to the control male and female subjects respectively (p<0.05). There was significant moderate positive correlation between the level of FBS Vs HbA1c (r=0.484, P-value = 0.000) and strong positive correlation between the level of Insulin Vs HOMA-IR (r=0.980, P-value = 0.000) in the control group. Also, strong significant positive correlations were observed between FPG and HbA1c (r=0.704, P-value = 0.000), FPG and HOMA-IR (r=0.778, P-value = 0.000), Insulin and HOMA-IR (r=0.778, P-value = 0.000) with a moderate significant positive correlation found between HbA1c Vs HOMA-IR (r=0.557, P-value = 0.000) in the older adults. This study showed that glycemic indices tend to become altered with advancing in age.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"113 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the intersection of psychiatry and law: Insights into insanity defense and fitness to stand trial in the Indian legal system","authors":"Prachi Nemani","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.019","url":null,"abstract":"In the complex landscape of forensic psychiatry, the intersection of mental health and the legal system presents challenges that demand clear guidelines for effective navigation. This letter delves into the pivotal roles psychiatrists play in assessing the insanity defense and determining fitness to stand trial, crucial aspects intertwined with the principles of justice and human rights. Moreover, we elucidate the nuanced interpretation of Section 22 of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita (previously Section 84 of the Indian Penal Code), which delineates the criteria for absolving individuals of criminal responsibility due to mental illness. Comparisons with McNaughten’s rule highlight subtle differences in legal frameworks and their implications for verdicts of \"not guilty by reason of insanity.\" Furthermore, our article emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between psychiatry and forensic medicine to enhance comprehension of legal complexities thereby improving the management of forensic patients. With a visual aid we will facilitate understanding of the multifaceted concepts discussed herein. By fostering dialogue and collaboration, we aim to contribute to a more informed and equitable legal approach to individuals with mental health concerns within the criminal justice system.Top of Form","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silent while living, speaks when dead- A case report of manual strangulation","authors":"M. Z. G. Saiyed, Chetan B Jani","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.017","url":null,"abstract":"Victim of throttling in majority of the cases die instantaneously as the perpetrator continues to apply pressure till death ensues. In certain cases, victim may survive for some time if pressure is withdrawn due to any reason. In such cases, after the incident, he/she may not be conscious or able to speak for giving history; but the injuries produced by application of pressure by palms and fingers, if looked for them carefully, may speak by themselves about the incident. Presenting here, a case of 52 years old female, where the “made-up” history by the relatives misdirected the thinking process of the clinicians as the patient could not speak at all at the time of admission to the hospital until death. Autopsy conducted on 5 day of hospitalization revealed typical signs of the homicidal act the victim was subjected to, which could have been identified in the “fresh” stage at the time of admission and could have helped in some more detailed medico legal investigations if it could have been referred to Forensic Medicine experts of the institute. This case report stresses on the need of multi-disciplinary approach at the time of treatment of any patient with suspicious history, to have some different angle of view with regards to medico legal concerns and hence, it is discussed here.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"53 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pituitary neuroadenoma as an ‘Incidentaloma’ in a case of road traffic accident","authors":"Boddepalli Devaraj, K. A. Rupesh, Srinivasarao Vavilapalli, J. Allu","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.016","url":null,"abstract":": Pituitary adenomas are the most common tumors found in the Sella region. Functional pituitary adenomas exhibit a wide range of endocrine manifestations due to either hypo- or hyperfunction of the pituitary gland, as well as mass effect. They can have a slow but severe impact on vision due to compression of the optic nerves, optic chiasm and cavernous sinus.: A 42-year-old male, a security guard at a local dabha, was struck by a van while crossing the road. He sustained a head injury and unfortunately passed away during treatment at our tertiary case institute. At autopsy, upon examination of the skull, a mass measuring 5x5x3cm was discovered in the suprasellar area of base of skull. This mass was sent for histopathological examination, which confirmed it to be a \"Pituitary neuroendocrine tumor possibly gonadotropic in nature.\" However, the cause of death in this case was opined as ‘Head injury’.: Forensic pathologists rarely encounter intracranial neoplasms that present as sudden and unexpected deaths. The incidence of undiagnosed fatal brain tumors detected at autopsy has been reported to range between 0.02% and 0.4%. Several studies have investigated the relationship between hormonally active pituitary adenomas and both mental health disorders and quality of life. One study by Johnson et al. found that patients with nonfunctional adenomas reported impairments in physical and emotional well-being compared to the normal population. Headache and visual symptoms are most commonly associated with pituitary adenomas.In the present case, although it was an incidental finding and not contributing to the cause of death, we cannot underestimate the effect of the tumor on the visual acuity of the decedent. Nonetheless, visual impairment due to the tumor could also have partially led to the road traffic accident.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"20 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of unnatural deaths in adult females – A retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Haryana","authors":"Rishi Rajindran, Gaurav Sharma, Vandana Yadav, Himani Saini, Ravi Lamba","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.014","url":null,"abstract":"Unnatural deaths, including unintentional and intentional events, require post-mortem examinations to rule out foul play. Women aged 18 to 30 are particularly vulnerable to mental, physical, psychological, and social challenges, including dowry-related deaths and occupational hazards. Unfortunately, female victimization is often underreported and research on the topic is limited. This study took into account 1564 post-mortem records of cases conducted in 5 years and analysed cases of unnatural deaths in adult females aged over 18 years to understand the gravity of female victimization in the region. Of the 204 identified cases, poisoning was the leading cause of death, and suicide was the most common manner of death. Accidental deaths were the second most common manner.: The study highlights the need for policies to address socio-economic and human rights deprivation, domestic violence, and mental health issues that contribute to these deaths. Measures to promote female economic independence and effective prevention and support strategies are necessary to reduce the prevalence of unnatural deaths among women in India.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of strengthening TB diagnostic services in Uttarakhand: A step towards TB elimination","authors":"Pankaj Kumar Singh, Prashant Chaudhary, Vikash Kumar Pandey, Suraj Rawat, Bipra Bishnu","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.011","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant public health challenge in Uttarakhand, India. To address this, the state has implemented strategic measures aimed at increasing the presumptive TB case examination rate. Key initiatives include the deployment of 40 additional molecular diagnostic machines, facilitated by the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), ensuring comprehensive coverage and enhancing field-level testing capabilities. The proactive procurement of molecular diagnostic chips and consumables at the state level has ensured an uninterrupted supply, bolstering testing capacity across all blocks. Additionally, regular fortnightly reviews and monitoring at the block level have been instituted to set targets, involve local leadership, and foster continuous improvement. These combined efforts have significantly improved the diagnostic capacity and operational efficiency of TB control measures in Uttarakhand, demonstrating the state's commitment to effective TB management and eventual elimination.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"27 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robotic surgery: Consent and medico-legal aspect","authors":"Vijayanath V, Joel V, Priyadharsan S, K. R. K. Bharathi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.018","url":null,"abstract":"Robotic surgery has rapidly evolving as a ground-breaking field in medicine, revolutionizing surgical practices across various specialties like oncology, urology, gynaecology, bariatric surgery.Despite its benefits, the adoption of surgery faces significant medicolegal challenges. This article develops into the underexplored legal implications of robotic surgery and identifies distinct medicolegal problems. The article highlights the need for comprehensive guidelines, regulations, and training programs to navigate the medico legal aspects of robotic surgery effectively, thereby unlocking its full potential for the future development.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadaveric organ donation: Indian perspective","authors":"Bedanta Sarma, Shreemanta Kumar Dash, P. Ghormade, Dheeraj Abhaykumar Vinod Kumar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.012","url":null,"abstract":"Cadaveric organ donation in India, although started long back; its present status is not favourable. The percentage gain is very slow in comparison to most of the country even after having proper legislation. There are many reasons for this, lack of awareness being the most common. Most of the people does not know the concept of brain death. Although government and many NGOs are attached with it and are trying their level best to communicate with people for this noble cause, they have not yet reached the expected goal.To boost up the process of cadaveric organ donation, the hospitals and their staff including doctors must play a vital role. Hence, knowledge and orientation of such potential group is important for further processing because in most of the hospitals even doctors are not well-informed about the legal and ethical aspects of organ donation. If all the weak locus are addressed properly, we can definitely achieve the goals within a short span of time.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"11 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building green and climate-resilient healthcare facilities in Uttarakhand: A step for a sustainable climate resilient healthcare","authors":"Pankaj Kumar Singh, Charu Chandra Devshali, Ankita Dhaundiyal, Akhilesh Tripathi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.010","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change presents significant risks to human health, with healthcare facilities increasingly vulnerable to extreme weather, floods, droughts, and climate-sensitive diseases. This study examines the development of Green and Climate-Resilient Healthcare Facilities in Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand, through multi-sectoral collaboration. Key interventions include energy audits, LED lighting, solar panel installation, and rainwater harvesting, aimed at enhancing sustainability and resilience. The initiative demonstrates the importance of proactive adaptation measures and sustainable practices in healthcare infrastructure, providing a model for other regions to ensure continuous, high-quality care amid escalating climate threats. This approach underscores the critical need for innovation, collaboration, and commitment in building climate-resilient health systems.","PeriodicalId":13276,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of forensic and community medicine","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}