Ibis最新文献

{"title":"King Penguins adjust foraging effort rather than diet when faced with poor foraging conditions","authors":"Émile Brisson-Curadeau,&nbsp;Charles-André Bost,&nbsp;Yves Cherel,&nbsp;Kyle Elliott","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13287","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13287","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The links between foraging success, foraging effort and diet in a myctophid specialist seabird, the King Penguin <i>Aptenodytes patagonicus</i>, were investigated during seven breeding seasons using tracking and isotopic data. Despite the variable foraging conditions encountered by the birds, isotopic signatures (a proxy for diet) were invariable throughout the study. On the other hand, penguins stayed longer at sea when the foraging success indices (i.e. prey capture attempts per day and mass gained per day) were low. Although King Penguins can compensate for low prey capture rates by increasing foraging effort, their specialist diet during reproduction makes the species particularly sensitive to prey availability, with its conservation tightly linked to its main prey.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":"166 2","pages":"723-731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the importance of individual- and colony-level variation when using seabird foraging ranges as impact assessment and conservation tools","authors":"Ian R. Cleasby,&nbsp;Ellie Owen,&nbsp;Adam Butler,&nbsp;Julia Baer,&nbsp;Jez Blackburn,&nbsp;Maria I. Bogdanova,&nbsp;Tessa Coledale,&nbsp;Francis Daunt,&nbsp;Stephen Dodd,&nbsp;Julian C. Evans,&nbsp;Jonathan A. Green,&nbsp;Tim Guilford,&nbsp;Michael P. Harris,&nbsp;Robert Hughes,&nbsp;Mark A. Newell,&nbsp;Stephen F. Newton,&nbsp;Gail S. Robertson,&nbsp;Lise Ruffino,&nbsp;Akiko Shoji,&nbsp;Louise M. Soanes,&nbsp;Stephen C. Votier,&nbsp;Ewan D. Wakefield,&nbsp;Sarah Wanless,&nbsp;Linda J. Wilson,&nbsp;Mark Bolton","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13284","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13284","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Knowledge of seabird distributions plays a key role in seabird conservation and sustainable marine management, underpinning efforts to designate protected areas or assess the impact of human developments. Technological advances in animal tracking devices increasingly allow researchers to acquire information on the movement of birds from specific colonies. Nevertheless, most seabird colonies have not been subject to such tracking and another means must be found to assess their likely foraging distribution. Consequently, foraging range data collated and summarized across other tracking studies has often been used to estimate species-level foraging distances for use within applied settings. However, generic species-specific foraging ranges must be used with caution because of the amount of variation in seabird foraging behaviour at both the individual and colony levels. Specifically, although current reviews of seabird foraging ranges provide summary estimates of maximum foraging range, they typically do not assess the extent of among-colony or among-individual variation around such estimates. To address this, we conducted a variance component analysis of the maximum distance reached from the breeding colony per foraging trip (foraging range) using multi-colony tracking datasets to estimate the degree of between-individual, between-year and between-colony variation in foraging range in four UK breeding seabirds (Black-legged Kittiwake <i>Rissa tridactyla</i>, Common Guillemot <i>Uria aalge</i>, Razorbill <i>Alca torda</i> and European Shag <i>Gulosus aristotelis</i>). We also provide updated estimates of typical foraging ranges for each species and quantify the influence of breeding stage and colony size. Overall, between-colony variation was typically the largest variance component, explaining 20–30% of the observed variation in foraging range across the four species. Individual-level variation was also relatively large among Shag. In Kittiwake, Guillemot and Shag, but not Razorbill, average foraging ranges were positively associated with colony size. In addition, Kittiwake and Razorbill travelled further during incubation than during chick-rearing. More generally, our estimates of mean foraging ranges for each species were subject to a high degree of uncertainty, which should be incorporated into impact assessments carried out using such data.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":"166 3","pages":"871-895"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Costs and benefits in extreme nesting associations: do Sociable Weavers benefit from hosting African Pygmy Falcons?","authors":"Anthony M. Lowney,&nbsp;Robert L. Thomson","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13283","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13283","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Avian nesting associations are a prominent feature of breeding bird communities. Protective associations between a predator and prey species represent a scenario where typically antagonistic interacting species may confer benefits on each species. The outcomes of these interactions are likely to be context-dependent and influenced by biotic and abiotic conditions. African Pygmy Falcons <i>Polihierax semitorquatus</i> are obligate nest associates of Sociable Weavers <i>Philetairus socius</i>, using weaver colonies to breed and roost. As a result, the escalated rate of biotic interactions between associates may enhance rates of adaptation, speciation and coevolution. Falcons occasionally prey on weavers but have the potential to defend colonies from nest predators. We used observational and experimental tests to determine if falcons deter snakes from accessing weaver colonies and if this increased nest survival for weavers that ‘host’ falcons in their colonies. We observed a reduction in the number of snakes at colonies hosting falcons and an increase in all colonies when weavers were breeding. Falcons were also more aggressive towards a snake stimulus than a control but only when they were breeding. However, weaver nest survival did not increase at colonies hosting falcons. Falcon defence probably reduces weaver nest predation by snakes; however, this is likely to be offset by nest predation by falcons. Additionally, we compared the breeding success of falcons whose breeding attempts overlapped with weaver breeding with breeding success of those that did not. Weaver breeding did not explain falcon breeding success but did lead to an increase in falcon nest predation by snakes, and the likelihood that all chicks from a successful brood fledged, suggesting an ‘all or nothing’ scenario when weavers are breeding. In conclusion, we show that both weavers and falcons incur costs and benefits of their close association (i.e. snake predation or food availability) and the net effects are likely to depend on the exact conditions in a particular breeding season. The intricacies of communalistic relationships continue to evade objective testing, and long-term demographic monitoring may offer better proof of the net benefits for each species.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":"166 3","pages":"801-813"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ibi.13283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136033070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The causes and implications of sex role diversity in shorebird breeding systems","authors":"Tamás Székely,&nbsp;Maria C. Carmona-Isunza,&nbsp;Noémie Engel,&nbsp;Naerhulan Halimubieke,&nbsp;William Jones,&nbsp;Vojtĕch Kubelka,&nbsp;Romy Rice,&nbsp;Claire E. Tanner,&nbsp;Zsófia Tóth,&nbsp;José O. Valdebenito,&nbsp;Kees Wanders,&nbsp;Grant C. McDonald","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13277","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13277","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Males and females often exhibit different behaviours during mate acquisition, pair-bonding and parenting, and a convenient label to characterize these behaviours is sex role. The diverse roles that male and female shorebirds (plovers, sandpipers and allies) exhibit in mating and parenting have played a key role in advancing mainstream theories in avian ecology and behavioural biology including sexual selection, sexual conflict and parental cooperation. Recent advances in shorebird research have also highlighted the significance of the social environment in driving sex role behaviours by linking the adult sex ratio with breeding behaviour and population demography. Here we review the key advances in sex role research using shorebirds as an ecological model system. We identify knowledge gaps and argue that shorebirds have untapped potential to accelerate diverse research fields including evolutionary genomics, movement ecology, social networks and environmental changes. Future studies of sex roles will benefit from individual-based monitoring using advanced tracking technologies, and from multi-team collaborations that are facilitated by standardized data collection methodologies across different species in the field. These advances will not only contribute to our understanding of reproductive strategies, but they will also have knock-on effects on predicting population resilience to environmental changes and on prioritizing species for conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":"166 2","pages":"357-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ibi.13277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanistic, genetic and evolutionary causes of bird eye colour variation","authors":"Eamon C. Corbett,&nbsp;Robb T. Brumfield,&nbsp;Brant C. Faircloth","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13276","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13276","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Birds display a rainbow of eye colours, but this trait has been little studied compared with plumage coloration. Avian eye colour variation occurs at all phylogenetic scales: it can be conserved throughout whole families or vary within one species, yet the evolutionary importance of this eye colour variation is under-studied. Here, we summarize knowledge of the causes of eye colour variation at three primary levels: mechanistic, genetic and evolutionary. Mechanistically, we show that avian iris pigments include melanin and carotenoids, which also play major roles in plumage colour, as well as purines and pteridines, which are often found as pigments in non-avian taxa. Genetically, we survey classical breeding studies and recent genomic work on domestic birds that have identified potential ‘eye colour genes’, including one associated with pteridine pigmentation in pigeons. Finally, from an evolutionary standpoint, we present and discuss several hypotheses explaining the adaptive significance of eye colour variation. Many of these hypotheses suggest that bird eye colour plays an important role in intraspecific signalling, particularly as an indicator of age or mate quality, although the importance of eye colour may differ between species and few evolutionary hypotheses have been directly tested. We suggest that future studies of avian eye colour should consider all three levels, including broad-scale iris pigment analyses across bird species, genome sequencing studies to identify loci associated with eye colour variation, and behavioural experiments and comparative phylogenetic analyses to test adaptive hypotheses. By examining these proximate and ultimate causes of eye colour variation in birds, we hope that our review will encourage future research to understand the ecological and evolutionary significance of this striking avian trait.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":"166 2","pages":"560-589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ibi.13276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Icelandic Whimbrel first migration: Non-stop until West Africa, yet later departure and slower travel than adults","authors":"Camilo Carneiro,&nbsp;Tómas G. Gunnarsson,&nbsp;Triin Kaasiku,&nbsp;Theunis Piersma,&nbsp;José A. Alves","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13282","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13282","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Migratory behaviour in young individuals is probably developed by using a complex suite of resources, from molecular information to social learning. Comparing the migration of adults and juveniles provides insights into the possible contribution of those developmental factors to the ontogeny of migration. We show that, like adults, juvenile Icelandic Whimbrel <i>Numenius phaeopus islandicus</i> fly non-stop to West Africa, but on average depart later, follow less straight paths and stop more after reaching land, resulting in slower travel speeds. We argue how the variation in departure dates, the geographical location of Iceland and the annual migration routine of this population make it a good model to study the ontogeny of migration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":"166 2","pages":"715-722"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ibi.13282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135944160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed population trends inside a California protected area: Evidence from long-term community science monitoring","authors":"Julien M. Wright-Ueda,&nbsp;Rodolfo Dirzo,&nbsp;Tyler N. McFadden","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13280","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13280","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Protected areas are one of the most widespread and accepted conservation interventions, yet population trends of species within protected areas are rarely compared with regional trends to gain insight into their effectiveness. Here, we leverage two long-term community science datasets, finding mixed effects of protected areas on long-term bird population trends. We analysed 31 years of bird transect data recorded by community volunteers across all major habitats of Stanford University's Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve to determine the population trends for a sample of 66 species. We found that nearly a third of species experienced long-term declines, and on average, species declined by 12%. Further, we averaged species trends by conservation status and key life history attributes to identify correlates and possible drivers of these trends. Observed increases in some cavity-nesters and declines of scrub-associated species suggest that long-term fire suppression may be a key driver, reshaping bird communities through changes in forest and chaparral structure and composition. Additionally, we compared our results with those of the North American Breeding Bird Survey's Central California Coast region (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 55 species) to place Jasper Ridge in a broader context. Most species experienced similar directional population trends inside and outside of the preserve and only eight species (14.5%) did better inside this small protected area. Therefore, we must identify relevant management strategies for declining populations and explicitly consider how existing protected areas target and manage each species. Further, this analysis underlines the importance of local and national community science for revealing long-term bird population trends.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;El establecimiento de áreas protegidas naturales es una de las intervenciones más utilizadas para la conservación de la biodiversidad. Sin embargo, su eficacia desde la óptica de tendencias poblaciones locales ha sido poco explorada rigurosamente. Aquí, utilizamos dos conjuntos de datos de largo plazo, ambos parte de programas de ciencia comunitaria (ciencia ciudadana), y documentamos efectos mixtos de las áreas protegidas en relación a las tendencias poblacionales de aves. Analizamos 31 años de muestreos en transectos realizados por voluntarios comunitarios a través de los hábitats principales en la Reserva Biológica de Jasper Ridge. Esto nos permitió cuantificar las tendencias poblacionales en una muestra de 66 especies. Detectamos disminuciones poblacionales a largo plazo en un tercio de las especies, y observamos una disminución promedio de 12%. Además, investigamos los posibles factores que subyacen estas disminuciones al analizar las tendencias promedio de conjuntos de especies, agrupadas por estado de conservación y atributos de historia de vida. Observamos aumentos en especies que anidan en cavidades, y declives en especies asociadas a matorral. Esto sugiere que la supresión de incendios puede ser ","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":"167 1","pages":"25-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135723811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable choice affects estimations of vulnerability to climate change","authors":"Krista N. Oswald,&nbsp;Shannon R. Conradie","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13281","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13281","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For practical reasons, assessments of species' vulnerability to rising temperatures are often limited to measuring responses to a single ecological response variable, but this could result in an underestimation of vulnerability. Using the Cape Rockjumper <i>Chaetops frenatus</i> (‘Rockjumper’) we examined the thermal risk to nestling Rockjumpers for sublethal (i.e. reduced nestling mass gain) and lethal (i.e. increased nest predation) consequences of sustained hot weather under both current and predicted future climatic conditions (RCP 8.5). We used a direct approach to examine these risks, first as independent ecological responses and then as combined risk driven by both response variables (mass gain and predation risk). This study revealed that the inclusion of multiple climate-related responses affected the predicted vulnerability to climate change. Further, our analyses showed that increased vulnerability to climate change will vary within the Rockjumper's habitat. Our results demonstrate that the variability in predicted thermal risk depends on which response variable was used, with implications for how and where conservation practitioners direct their already limited resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":"166 2","pages":"707-714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ibi.13281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136078224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ringing, tracking and counting data reveal five wintering patterns in European Common Shelducks","authors":"Dagmar S. Cimiotti,&nbsp;Dominic V. Cimiotti,&nbsp;Hermann Hötker,&nbsp;Stefan Garthe","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13278","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13278","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Information on migratory connections provides a basis for effective conservation efforts. The spatial connections between breeding and wintering areas are poorly known for many species. The connections become complicated in species that carry out additional migrations between their breeding and wintering areas. Common Shelducks <i>Tadorna tadorna</i> (hereafter Shelducks) in western Europe perform an extensive moult migration after the breeding season. In this study, we examined the geographical connections between the breeding and wintering areas to identify ecological patterns, and estimate the influence of moult migration. Possible patterns would be to winter: (I) in distant and separate areas; (II) in a moulting area; (III) in the vicinity of a moulting area; (IV) near the individual breeding area. Further, there might be individuals (V) that breed, moult and winter in the same area (sedentary). We analysed recoveries of ringed Shelducks from the EURING databank and count data from the International Waterbird Census, and tracked 11 individuals from a German breeding population using GPS transmitters. We found evidence of all possible wintering patterns in Shelducks breeding in regions of Europe with long-term mean January temperatures at least slightly above 0 °C. Shelducks from cold parts of Europe always migrated to separate and warmer wintering areas. Shelducks from warmer regions used diverse patterns even within the same breeding populations. Some individuals used wintering areas near or in a moulting area, even if that area was sometimes colder than their breeding area. Our results support the idea that the location of the moulting area influenced the geographical position of the wintering area. Furthermore, the observed low migratory connectivity and high diversity in wintering patterns support the idea that Common Shelducks are able to adapt to changing environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":"167 1","pages":"5-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ibi.13278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The difficult challenge of accurately recording iris colour in birds revealed through the lens of specimens of Australia's Spinifex Pigeon (Geophaps plumifera)","authors":"Leo Joseph,&nbsp;Alex Drew,&nbsp;Christopher A. Wilson,&nbsp;Julian Teh,&nbsp;Pietro Viacava,&nbsp;Richard Schodde","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13272","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ibi.13272","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Museum collections of birds are a key source of data on the colours of ‘soft parts’, e.g. legs, feet, bill (maxilla, mandible), wattles, periocular skin and, our focus here, the iris of the eye. However, subjective descriptions of soft parts' colours have long plagued their use, whether in research or in illustrations of birds. We document a case where reasonable doubt about the accuracy of iris colour recorded more than 50 years ago in several taxonomically important series of specimens of the Australian Spinifex Pigeon <i>Geophaps plumifera</i> is probably unresolvable. This doubt clouds the downstream use of the specimens in a complete understanding of geographical and temporal variation, and taxonomy. We discuss how ornithologists may apply methods now readily available that will enable more rigorous recording of soft parts' colours, despite many valid limitations. This especially applies in situations where existing knowledge dictates care, such as in already known zones of taxonomic intergradation or when colours known to be unusual and unexpected are seen.</p>","PeriodicalId":13254,"journal":{"name":"Ibis","volume":"166 1","pages":"323-335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ibi.13272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136263180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}