Haojiang Li;Wenjun Zhang;Yin Xu;Dazhi He;Haoyang Li
{"title":"Broadcasting and 6G Converged Network Architecture","authors":"Haojiang Li;Wenjun Zhang;Yin Xu;Dazhi He;Haoyang Li","doi":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3407482","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3407482","url":null,"abstract":"With the arrival of the 6G era, wireless communication networks will face increased pressure due to diversified service traffic with ultra-large bandwidth, ultra-low latency, and massive connections, making it difficult to guarantee quality of service. However, broadcasting can realize wide-area coverage with lower physical transmission resource occupancy. Therefore, the convergence of broadcasting and 6G networks can promote the evolution and upgrade of traditional broadcasting services towards flexibility, dynamics, and personalization, and at the same time, can effectively alleviate the data congestion in mobile communication networks. In this paper, we firstly introduce the three typical application scenarios of broadcasting and 6G convergence in the future, and summarize the vital technologies and challenges in constructing the converged network. On this basis, we propose a broadcasting and 6G converged network architecture and a next-generation 6G broadcasting core network architecture, and finally introduce the typical collaboration modes of the converged network.","PeriodicalId":13159,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting","volume":"70 3","pages":"971-979"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Content-Aware Full-Reference Image Quality Assessment Method Using a Gram Matrix and Signal-to-Noise","authors":"Shuqi Han;Yueting Huang;Mingliang Zhou;Xuekai Wei;Fan Jia;Xu Zhuang;Fei Cheng;Tao Xiang;Yong Feng;Huayan Pu;Jun Luo","doi":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3410707","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3410707","url":null,"abstract":"With the emergence of transformer-based feature extractors, the effect of image quality assessment (IQA) has improved, but its interpretability is limited. In addition, images repaired by generative adversarial networks (GANs) produce realistic textures and spatial misalignments with high-quality images. In this paper, we develop a content-aware full-reference IQA method without changing the original convolutional neural network feature extractor. First, image signal-to-noise (SNR) mapping is performed experimentally to verify its superior content-aware ability, and based on the SNR mapping of the reference image, we fuse multiscale distortion and normal image features according to a fusion strategy that enhances the informative area. Second, judging the quality of GAN-generated images from the perspective of focusing on content may ignore the alignment between pixels; therefore, we add a Gram-matrix-based texture enhancement module to boost the texture information between distorted and normal difference features. Finally, experiments on numerous public datasets prove the superior performance of the proposed method in predicting image quality.","PeriodicalId":13159,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting","volume":"70 4","pages":"1279-1291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Liu;Jie Wang;Ruohan Cao;Yueming Lu;Yaojun Qiao;Yuanqing Xia;Daoqi Han
{"title":"Securing Content Production Centers in 5G Broadcasting: Strategies and Technologies for Mitigating Cybersecurity Risks","authors":"Yang Liu;Jie Wang;Ruohan Cao;Yueming Lu;Yaojun Qiao;Yuanqing Xia;Daoqi Han","doi":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3407596","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3407596","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the crucial aspect of security within 5G broadcasting environments, with a particular focus on content production centers. It dives into the unique challenges and vulnerabilities associated with 5G technology, specifically within the context of broadcasting media. The study provides an up-to-date survey of the current landscape in 5G network security, emphasizing the specific requirements and risks specific to broadcasting. In response to these challenges, we propose a set of robust security strategies and technologies specifically tailored for these environments. Through rigorous simulations and compelling case studies, we demonstrate the efficacy of these strategies within a 5G broadcasting context. Ultimately, this paper aims to offer invaluable insights for broadcasters, policymakers, and technologists, enabling them to enhance the security and integrity of 5G broadcasting networks through informed decision-making and implementation of best practices.","PeriodicalId":13159,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting","volume":"70 3","pages":"1008-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-Dimensional Attention Fusion Network for Simulated Single Image Super-Resolution","authors":"Jingbo He;Xiaohai He;Shuhua Xiong;Honggang Chen","doi":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3408643","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3408643","url":null,"abstract":"Single image super-resolution (SISR) is a task of reconstructing high-resolution (HR) images from low-resolution (LR) images, which are obtained by some degradation process. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have greatly advanced the frontier of image super-resolution research and replaced traditional methods as the de facto standard approach. The attention mechanism enables the SR algorithms to achieve breakthrough performance after another. However, limited research has been conducted on the interaction and integration of attention mechanisms across different dimensions. To tackle this issue, in this paper, we propose a cross-dimensional attention fusion network (CAFN) to effectively achieve cross-dimensional inter-action with long-range dependencies. Specifically, the proposed approach involves the utilization of a cross-dimensional aggrega-tion module (CAM) to effectively capture contextual information by integrating both spatial and channel importance maps. The design of information fusion module (IFM) in CAM serves as a bridge for parallel dual-attention information fusion. In addition, a novel memory-adaptive multi-stage (MAMS) training method is proposed. We perform warm-start retraining with the same setting as the previous stage, without increasing memory consumption. If the memory is sufficient, we finetune the model with a larger patch size after the warm-start. The experimental results definitively demonstrate the superior performance of our cross-dimensional attention fusion network and training strategy compared to state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods, as evidenced by both quantitative and qualitative metrics.","PeriodicalId":13159,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting","volume":"70 3","pages":"909-923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Axel De Decker;Jan De Cock;Peter Lambert;Glenn Van Wallendael
{"title":"No-Reference VMAF: A Deep Neural Network-Based Approach to Blind Video Quality Assessment","authors":"Axel De Decker;Jan De Cock;Peter Lambert;Glenn Van Wallendael","doi":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3399479","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3399479","url":null,"abstract":"As the demand for high-quality video content continues to rise, accurately assessing the visual quality of digital videos has become more crucial than ever before. However, evaluating the perceptual quality of an impaired video in the absence of the original reference signal remains a significant challenge. To address this problem, we propose a novel No-Reference (NR) video quality metric called NR-VMAF. Our method is designed to replicate the popular Full-Reference (FR) metric VMAF in scenarios where the reference signal is unavailable or impractical to obtain. Like its FR counterpart, NR-VMAF is tailored specifically for measuring video quality in the presence of compression and scaling artifacts. The proposed model utilizes a deep convolutional neural network to extract quality-aware features from the pixel information of the distorted video, thereby eliminating the need for manual feature engineering. By adopting a patch-based approach, we are able to process high-resolution video data without any information loss. While the current model is trained solely on H.265/HEVC videos, its performance is verified on subjective datasets containing mainly H.264/AVC content. We demonstrate that NR-VMAF outperforms current state-of-the-art NR metrics while achieving a prediction accuracy that is comparable to VMAF and other FR metrics. Based on this strong performance, we believe that NR-VMAF is a viable approach to efficient and reliable No-Reference video quality assessment.","PeriodicalId":13159,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting","volume":"70 3","pages":"844-861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-Reference-Based Cross-Scale Feature Fusion for Compressed Video Super Resolution","authors":"Lu Chen;Mao Ye;Luping Ji;Shuai Li;Hongwei Guo","doi":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3407517","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3407517","url":null,"abstract":"To save transmission bandwidth, there exists an approach to down-sample a video and then up-sample the compressed video to save bit rates. The existing Super Resolution (SR) methods generally design powerful networks to compensate the loss information introduced by down-sampling. But the information of entire video is not fully utilized and effectively fused, resulting in the learned context information that is not enough for the high quality reconstruction. We propose a multi high-quality frames Referenced Cross-scale compressed Video Super Resolution method (RCVSR) that wisely uses past-and-future information, to pursue higher compression efficiency. Specifically, a joint reference motion alignment module is proposed. Low resolution (LR) frame after up-sampling is separately aligned with past-and-future reference frames to preserve more spatial details; at the same time this LR frame is aligned with neighborhood frames to get continuous motion information and similar contents. Then, a reference based refinement module is applied to compensate motion and lost texture details by computing similarity matrix across channel dimensions. Finally, an attention guided dual-branch residual module is employed to enhance the reconstructed result concurrently. Compared with the HEVC anchor, the average gain of Bjontegaard Delta Rate (BD-Rate) under the Low-Delay-P (LDP) setting is 24.86%. In addition, an experimental comparison is made with the advanced SR methods and compressed video quality enhancement (VQE) methods, and the superior efficiency and generalization of the proposed algorithm are further reported.","PeriodicalId":13159,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting","volume":"70 3","pages":"895-908"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy Efficiency Optimization Method of WDM Visible Light Communication System for Indoor Broadcasting Networks","authors":"Dayu Shi;Xun Zhang;Ziqi Liu;Xuanbang Chen;Jianghao Li;Xiaodong Liu;William Shieh","doi":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3407606","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3407606","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a novel approach to optimize energy efficiency in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems designed for indoor broadcasting networks. A physics-based LED model is integrated into system energy efficiency optimization, enabling quantitative analysis of the critical issue of VLC energy efficiency: the nonlinear interplay between illumination and communication performance. The optimization jointly incorporates constraints on communication quality of each channel, and illumination performance, standardized by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). The formulated nonlinear optimization problem is solved by the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) algorithm in an experiment-based simulation. An integrated Red-Green-Blue-Yellow Light Emitting Diode (RGBY-LED) is measured for model calibration and three different scenarios are simulated to evaluate the generality of the proposed method. Results demonstrate a double enhancement in performance and a high versatility in accommodating various scenarios. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of balancing communication and illumination imperatives in VLC systems, challenging conventional perceptions focused solely on minimizing power consumption.","PeriodicalId":13159,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting","volume":"70 4","pages":"1207-1220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Sobolev Norm-Based Variational Approach to Companding for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems","authors":"Stephen DelMarco","doi":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3405346","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3405346","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a new approach to high-performance compander design to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) that typically occurs in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Whereas many current compander designs assume a parametric model for the form of the transformed Rayleigh amplitude distribution, we define a constrained optimization problem for the functional form of the transformed distribution. We determine an optimal distribution which minimally deviates from the Rayleigh distribution and use a Sobolev norm to quantify distance. Use of the Sobolev norm imposes smoothness constraints on the transformed distribution, which are associated with lower out-of-band interference levels. We incorporate Lagrange multipliers into the problem formulation to enforce the constant power and probability density function constraints. We solve the constrained optimization problem using techniques from the Calculus of Variations and discuss compander and decompander design. We investigate the effect of incorporating derivative information, into the optimization formulation, on compander performance. We demonstrate compander performance through numerical simulation and compare compander performance to performance from a state-of-the-art variational compander which does not use derivative information in the formulation. We demonstrate performance improvements in out-of-band power rejection using the new compander.","PeriodicalId":13159,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting","volume":"70 3","pages":"955-962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TBC.2024.3408433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2024.3408433","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13159,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting","volume":"70 2","pages":"C3-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10552064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141294952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}