IARC scientific publications最新文献_第6页

Breast cancer survival in Rizal, Philippines, 1996-1997. 1996-1997年菲律宾黎刹的乳腺癌生存率。

IARC scientific publications Pub Date : 2011-01-01

D B Esteban, R M Lumague, A Laudico

{"title":"Breast cancer survival in Rizal, Philippines, 1996-1997.","authors":"D B Esteban, R M Lumague, A Laudico","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The department of health-Rizal cancer registry (DOH-RCR) was the first population-based cancer registry in the Philippines, established in 1974. Even though cancer is reportable by legislation, cancer registration is pursued by active methods. Data on survival from cancer of the breast registered in 1996-1997 are reported. Followup was carried out by passive and active methods. The proportion of cases with a histological confirmation of cancer diagnosis was 90%; death certificates only (DCOs) constituted 6%; 81% of the total registered were included for the survival analysis. Complete follow-up at five years from the incidence date was 30%. Relative survival rates at one, three and five years were 89%, 56% and 37%, respectively. Five-year age-standardized relative survival was 35%. Five-year relative survival by age group did not display any pattern or trend, and was fluctuating. A majority of cases were diagnosed with a regional spread of disease (44%) followed by localized stage (17%). Five-year absolute survival ratesby extent of disease were localized (65%), regional (35%), distant metastasis (12%) and unknown (35%). Thetrend of 5-year survival for breast cancer decreased from 46% in 1987 to 37% in 1996-1997.","PeriodicalId":13149,"journal":{"name":"IARC scientific publications","volume":" 162","pages":"151-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29938663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cancer survival in Bhopal, India, 1991-1995. 1991-1995年印度博帕尔的癌症存活率。

IARC scientific publications Pub Date : 2011-01-01

R Dikshit, S Kanhere, S Surange

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the hormonal milieu. 荷尔蒙环境的评估。

IARC scientific publications Pub Date : 2011-01-01

Susan E Hankinson, Shelley S Tworoger

{"title":"Assessment of the hormonal milieu.","authors":"Susan E Hankinson, Shelley S Tworoger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The hormonal milieu has been hypothesized to play a role in a range of human diseases, and therefore has been a topic of much epidemiologic investigation. Hormones of particular interest include: sex steroids; growth hormones; insulin-like growth factors; stress hormones, such as cortisol; and hormones produced by the adipose tissue, termed adipokines. Depending on the hormone, levels may be measured in plasma or serum, urine, saliva, tissue, or by assessing genetic variation in the hormone or hormone metabolizing genes. Sample collection, processing, and storage requirements vary according to the type of sample collected (e.g. blood or urine) and the hormone of interest. Laboratory analysis of hormones is frequently complex, and the technology used to conduct the assays is constantly evolving. For example, direct or indirect radioimmunoassay, bioassay or mass spectrometry can be used to measure sex steroids, each having advantages and disadvantages. Careful attention to laboratory issues, including close collaboration with laboratory colleagues and ongoing quality control assessments, is critical. Whether a single hormone measurement, as is frequently collected in epidemiologic studies, is sufficient to characterize the hormonal environment of interest (e.g. long-term adult hormone exposure) is also an important issue. While the assessment of hormones in epidemiologic studies is complex, these efforts have, and will continue to, add importantly to our knowledge of the role of hormones in human health.","PeriodicalId":13149,"journal":{"name":"IARC scientific publications","volume":" 163","pages":"199-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30921808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Obesity. 肥胖。

IARC scientific publications Pub Date : 2011-01-01

Salma Musaad, Erin Haynes

引用次数: 0

Studies in children. 儿童研究。

IARC scientific publications Pub Date : 2011-01-01

Frederica P Perera, Susan C Edwards

{"title":"Studies in children.","authors":"Frederica P Perera, Susan C Edwards","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter first discusses the urgent need for prevention of childhood diseases that impose a huge and growing burden on families and society. It provides a review of recent research in this area to illustrate both the strengths and limitations of molecular epidemiology in drawing needed links between environmental exposures and illness in children. For illustration, three of the major diseases in children are discussed: asthma, cancer and developmental disorders. All three impose significant difficulties, have increased in recent decades, and are thought to be caused in substantial part by environmental factors, such as toxic exposures due to lifestyle choices (i.e. smoking and diet), pollutants in the workplace, ambient air, water and the food supply. These exogenous exposures can interact with \"host\" factors, such as genetic susceptibility and nutritional deficits, to cause disease. Molecular epidemiology has provided valuable new insights into the magnitude and diversity of exposures beginning in utero, the unique susceptibility of the young, and the adverse preclinical and clinical effects resulting from the interactions between these factors. However, molecular epidemiology also faces certain constraints and challenges that are specific to studies of the very young, including ethical issues, technical issues due to the limited amount of biological specimens that can be obtained, and communication of results to parents and communities. These challenges are particularly apparent when incorporating the newer epigenetic and \"omic\" techniques and biomarkers into studies of children's diseases.","PeriodicalId":13149,"journal":{"name":"IARC scientific publications","volume":" 163","pages":"475-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30922745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of immune responses. 免疫反应的评价。

IARC scientific publications Pub Date : 2011-01-01

Robert Vogt, Paul A Schulte

引用次数: 0

Population-based study designs in molecular epidemiology. 分子流行病学基于人群的研究设计。

IARC scientific publications Pub Date : 2011-01-01

Montserrat García-Closas, Roel Vermeulen, David Cox, Qing Lan, Neil E Caporaso, Nathaniel Rothman

引用次数: 0

Neurodegenerative diseases. 神经退行性疾病。

IARC scientific publications Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/0471758043.ch15

H. Checkoway, J. Lundin, S. Kelada

{"title":"Neurodegenerative diseases.","authors":"H. Checkoway, J. Lundin, S. Kelada","doi":"10.1002/0471758043.ch15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/0471758043.ch15","url":null,"abstract":"Degenerative diseases of the nervous system impose substantial medical and public health burdens on populations throughout the world. Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are three of the major neurodegenerative diseases. The prevalence and incidence of these diseases rise dramatically with age; thus the number of cases is expected to increase for the foreseeable future as life spans in many countries continue to increase. Causal contributions from genetic and environmental factors are, with some exceptions, poorly understood. Nonetheless, molecular epidemiology approaches have proven valuable for improving disease diagnoses, characterizing disease prognostic factors, identifying high-risk genes for familial neurodegenerative diseases, investigating common genetic variants that may predict susceptibility for the non-familial forms of these diseases, and for quantifying environmental exposures. Incorporation of molecular techniques, including genomics, proteomics, and measurements of environmental toxicant body burdens into epidemiologic research, offer considerable promise for enhancing progress on characterizing pathogenesis mechanisms and identifying specific risk factors, especially for the non-familial forms of these diseases. In this chapter, brief overviews are provided of the epidemiologic features of PD, AD, and ALS, as well as illustrative examples in which molecular epidemiologic approaches have advanced knowledge on underlying disease mechanisms and risk factors that might lead to improved medical management and ultimately disease prevention. The chapter concludes with some recommendations for future molecular epidemiology research.","PeriodicalId":13149,"journal":{"name":"IARC scientific publications","volume":"1 1","pages":"407-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76938898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combining molecular and genetic data from different sources. 结合不同来源的分子和基因数据。

IARC scientific publications Pub Date : 2011-01-01

Evangelia E Ntzani, Muin J Khoury, John P A Ioannidis

{"title":"Combining molecular and genetic data from different sources.","authors":"Evangelia E Ntzani, Muin J Khoury, John P A Ioannidis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The rapidly growing number of molecular epidemiology studies is providing an enormous, often multidimensional, body of evidence on the association of various disease outcomes and biomarkers. The testing and validation of statistical hypotheses in genetic and molecular epidemiology presents a major challenge requiring methodological rigor and analytical power. The non-replication of many genetic and other biomarker association studies suggests that there may be an abundance of spurious findings in the field. This chapter will discuss ways of combining evidence from different sources using meta-analysis methods. Research synthesis not only aims at producing a summary effect estimate for a specific biomarker, but also offers a unique opportunity for a meticulous attempt to critically appraise a research field, identify substantial differences between or within studies, and detect sources of bias. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses in human genome epidemiology are specifically discussed, as they comprise the bulk of the available evidence in molecular epidemiology where these methods have been applied to date. Considered here are issues regarding validity and interpretation in genetic association studies, as well as strategies for developing and integrating evidence through international consortia. Finally, there is a brief look at how combining data through meta-analysis may be applied in other areas of molecular epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":13149,"journal":{"name":"IARC scientific publications","volume":" 163","pages":"323-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30921208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of epidemiologic studies of genetic effects and gene-environment interactions. 遗传效应和基因-环境相互作用的流行病学研究分析。

IARC scientific publications Pub Date : 2011-01-01

Montserrat García-Closas, Kevin Jacobs, Peter Kraft, Nilanjan Chatterjee

{"title":"Analysis of epidemiologic studies of genetic effects and gene-environment interactions.","authors":"Montserrat García-Closas, Kevin Jacobs, Peter Kraft, Nilanjan Chatterjee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes basic principles in study design, data analysis, and interpretation of epidemiological studies of genetic polymorphisms and disease risk, including the assessment of gene-environment interactions. The case-control design (hospital-based, population-based or nested within a prospective cohort) is frequently used to study common genetic variants and disease risk. Because of their widespread use, the analysis of case-control data will be the focus of this chapter. Two key considerations in the study design will be addressed: the selection of genetic markers to be evaluated, and sample size considerations to ensure adequate power to detect associations with disease risk. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most frequent form of common genetic variation, thus the discussion on data analysis will be based on the evaluation of associations between SNPs and disease risk. This chapter will begin with the evaluation of quality control of genotyping data, which is a critical first step in the analysis of genetic data. A description of statistical methods will follow, aimed at the discovery of genetic susceptibility loci, including analysis of candidate SNPs and genome-wide association studies, haplotype analyses, and the evaluation of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.","PeriodicalId":13149,"journal":{"name":"IARC scientific publications","volume":" 163","pages":"281-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30921206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0