Hortscience最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of a Method to Induce Hydrophobicity on Sand","authors":"M. McMillan, Karen Williams, Kimberly Moore, Samira Daroub, John E. Erickson, Stanley Kostka, Michael Fidanza","doi":"10.21273/hortsci16963-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16963-22","url":null,"abstract":"Methods to evaluate soil water repellency (SWR) require extensive studies on field soils and are subject to the heterogeneity of SWR throughout the soil profile as well as plant/soil interactions. The objectives of this study were to develop a synthetic method to create hydrophobic sand, and to determine if that hydrophobic sand would affect the establishment of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy, cv. Tifeagle) sprigs. Two techniques were developed to render sand hydrophobic: soap:sand method (hydrophobic sand; HSS) and sand:peat method (hydrophobic sand and read sedge peat; HSP). Both HSS and HSP remained severely hydrophobic at 0 cm depth for only 7 d, and at the 1- to 6-cm depth for 77 continuous days, as determined by water drop penetration time. Bermudagrass establishment, root growth, or shoot growth in two greenhouse experiments with four root zone substrates–HSS, HSP, WSAND (wettable sand), and WSP (wettable sand and reed sedge peat)—were not consistent. In conclusion, both HSS and HSP were shown to be safe and effective methods to synthetically produce hydrophobic sand for potential use in laboratory research, but further evaluation is needed to determine the feasibility of using HSS and HSP for turfgrass growth evaluations.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"51 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138622466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘UC Eclipse’, a Summer Plant-adapted Photoperiod-insensitive Strawberry Cultivar","authors":"Steven J Knapp, Glenn S. Cole, Dominique D. A. Pincot, Cindy M. López, Omar A. Gonzalez-Benitez, Randi A. Famula","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17363-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17363-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138626453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morning star: A New Cultivar Selected from Highbush Blueberry","authors":"Li Wang, Gui-Ting Liu, He-Xin Wang, Guo-Hui Xu","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17378-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17378-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"364 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting Drought Resistance in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) with the Aid of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Key Phytohormones","authors":"Yelderem Akhoundnejad, Seyhmus Baran","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17370-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17370-23","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is a primary abiotic stressor that markedly impairs pepper growth and quality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of foliar applications of phytohormones, including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and root application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), on severe and moderate drought stress of 38-day-old ‘Anemon F1’ pepper plants. The results showed that drought stress led to a considerable decrease in plant growth parameters, nutrient uptake, leaf water content, and chlorophyll content, and it increased leaf temperature, phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Nevertheless, the combined application of AMF with SA and JA demonstrated substantial synergistic effects, resulting in a notable improvement in the ability to alleviate the detrimental impacts of drought stress. Furthermore, the combined application of AMF and phytohormones exhibited a stronger effect on drought stress compared with the individual application of AMF or phytohormones alone. The application of AMF+SA and AMF+JA not only improves the availability of essential nutrients but also leads to an increase in fresh shoot weight, relative water content, leaf area, and chlorophyll and antioxidant capacity. Consequently, the combined application of SA and JA with mycorrhiza emerged as a promising treatment for enhancing pepper growth under drought-stress conditions. The positive results observed in pepper cultivation through the combined use of phytohormones and mycorrhizae in regions with limited water availability emphasize the importance of investigating the effectiveness of similar approaches in other agricultural crops.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"244 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135011813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grafted and Nongrafted ‘Cherokee Purple’ Tomato Performance in Aquaponic and Hydroponic Greenhouse Production in Oklahoma","authors":"Che Deer, Bruce L. Dunn, Bizhen Hu, Carla Goad, Daniel E. Shoup","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17248-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17248-23","url":null,"abstract":"‘Cherokee Purple’ tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants are a highly sought-after heirloom cultivar in the United States but are low yielding and highly susceptible to soil-borne pathogens, and may benefit from being grafted. Soilless systems such as aquaponics and hydroponics help increase yield, mitigate disease, and serve as an alternative to field production. The objective of this study was to evaluate a grafting combination of ‘Cherokee Purple’ × ‘Maxifort’ and nongrafted controls in 1.85-m 2 media grow beds with hydroponic and aquaponic systems using copper nose bluegill in a greenhouse. Grafting increased stem diameter, leaf count, stem height, flower count, and bud count compared with nongrafted plants. In aquaponics, grafting increased the phosphorus uptake over nongrafted plants grown in the aquaponic system. Grafting resulted in greater fresh (49.2%) and dry (40.0%) shoot biomass, and fresh (33.3%) and dry (42.8%) root biomass. Grafting also increased the uptake of copper and sulfur in the aquaponic systems. The hydroponic systems resulted in greater leaf count, soil plant analysis development, stem height, shoot biomass, and greater boron, phosphorus, potassium, iron, and manganese levels than aquaponic systems. Total fruit number and weight were greater in hydroponic systems than in aquaponic systems by 35.4% and 30.4%, respectively, but fruit splitting was a problem in both. Aquaponics resulted in greater root fresh weight than hydroponics. The nutrients zinc and copper increased with the use of aquaponic systems over hydroponic systems. This research suggests that the type of system can affect growth and nutrient uptake, and ‘Cherokee Purple’ should not be used in a soilless system because of excessive fruit splitting, leading to unmarketable fruit and low yield, unless environmental conditions can be managed during the heat of the summer.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"62 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135012572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retractable Netting and Evaporative Cooling for Sunburn Control and Increasing Red Color for ‘Honeycrisp’ Apple","authors":"Noah Willsea, Victor Blanco, Orlando Howe, Thiago Campbell, Erica Casagrande Biasuz, Lee Kalcsits","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17339-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17339-23","url":null,"abstract":"Protective netting and evaporative cooling are commonly used for sunburn protection in apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards in semiarid environments such as central Washington state. Sunburn is caused by a combination of solar radiation and heat, which can cause significant economic losses. Although protective netting and evaporative cooling can be effective for preventing apple sunburn, netting can also introduce new risks, including red color development on the fruit surface. This study evaluated whether retracting netting before harvest improves red color development and/or changes sunburn risk compared with leaving netting in place until after harvest. An experiment was conducted that compared three netting treatments: 1) netting from June until harvest, 2) netting retracted 10 d before harvest, and 3) no netting all season combined with the presence or absence of evaporative cooling. Fruit was harvested and assessed for sunburn incidence and external quality characteristics immediately after harvest. In retracted netting treatments, red color was higher when netting was retracted compared with the nonretracted controls, and sunburn risk did not increase with netting retraction. Evaporative cooling reduced sunburn incidence. Retractable netting can be used to minimize the loss of fruit to sunburn while allowing a full light environment that promotes red color near harvest. There is no inherent increase in sunburn risk from netting retraction, and the proportion of fruit with red color improved.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135012573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Mingguiqueqiao’: A New Prunus serrulata Cultivar","authors":"Jingyi Pan, Xiangui Yi, Meng Li, Minggui Ding, Xianrong Wang","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17260-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17260-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"393 6-7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135111851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Northern Highbush Blueberry Cold Hardiness for the Pacific Northwest","authors":"Clark Kogan, Lisa W. DeVetter, Gwen-Alyn Hoheisel","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17320-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17320-23","url":null,"abstract":"Freezing temperatures in fall, winter, and spring can cause damage to multiple perennial fruit crops including northern highbush blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum ). Predictive modeling for lethal temperatures allows producers to make informed decisions about freeze mitigation practices but is lacking for northern highbush blueberry grown in the Pacific Northwest. If buds are hardier than air temperatures, unnecessary use of propane heaters and/or wind machines is costly. In contrast, use of heaters and/or wind machines during freezing, damaging temperatures can minimize crop damage and potential yield loss. The objective of this study was to model cold hardiness across multiple cultivars of northern highbush blueberry grown in various regions in Washington, USA, and to generate predictive cold hardiness models that producers in the Pacific Northwest could use to inform freeze mitigation. Multiple years of experimental cold hardiness data were collected on four cultivars of northern highbush blueberry grown in western and eastern Washington, USA. Freeze chambers were used to reduce bud temperatures systematically, after which buds were dissected and bud survival was assessed. A generalized linear mixed model with a binomial response and logit link was fit to each cultivar to characterize the relationship between bud survival, freezer temperature, recent air temperatures, and growing degree days from fall acclimation to late winter/spring deacclimation. Model simulation was performed to obtain marginal-scale lethal temperature estimates. Model error estimation was performed using cross validation. Results show cultivar-specific cold hardiness models can be generated, and model development and use can help growers make more informed decisions regarding freeze protection that also minimizes costly applications of freeze protection when unnecessary. Furthermore, such models can be adapted to other blueberry growing regions and cultivars experiencing similar climactic conditions.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"765 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135012000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Community Structure in Soilless Substrates Used for Nursery Crops","authors":"Silvia Valles-Ramirez, James E. Altland, Anna L. Testen, Jelmer W. Poelstra, Frederick C. Michel","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17275-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17275-23","url":null,"abstract":"Soilless substrates are widely used for plant cultivation. However, little is known about how soilless substrate components, plant growth, or their interactions impact microbial communities in soilless media. The objectives of this study were to analyze microbial communities in typical pine bark substrates used for nursery crop production and determine the impacts of substituting peat with a compost substrate, and planting, on microbial community dynamics over a production cycle. Three soilless substrate mixtures were compared. The substrate mixes consisted of 80:20:0, 80:10:10, and 80:0:20 (volume:volume:volume) ratios of pine bark:peatmoss:leaf compost, respectively. One set of each treatment was planted with a single birch ( Betula nigra ‘Cully’) liner and another set was not planted. The treatments (n = 3) were maintained in a nursery production setting, and samples were taken after 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 months. Bacterial and fungal communities were characterized by sequencing polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16s rRNA genes and internal transcribed spacer regions. Initially, the two substrate mixtures that contained compost had more phyla than the substrate mixture that only contained peat and bark. After 1 month, microbial communities in all treatments contained similar phyla, but at different relative abundances based on the amount of compost they contained. Over time, Nitrosomonadaceae and Acetobacteraceae were the most abundant bacterial families in substrate mixes containing 10% and 20% compost, but they were absent from treatments without compost. The communities were dynamic and changed the most over the first 2 months. Microbial communities and their dynamics were similar between planted and unplanted treatments. Planting had less of an effect on microbial communities than compost amendment. Among the fungal communities, differences were observed based on both compost amendment and plant presence. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most abundant fungal phyla and resembled those originally in the peat and compost, respectively. These findings could be used to understand the importance and dynamics of specific microbial communities present in substrate components and how they develop during greenhouse production.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"62 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135012571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aminoethoxyvinylglycine Reduces Preharvest Fruit Drop and Fruit Ethylene Evolution in ‘Red Delicious’ Apple but Affects Fruit Size and Quality Inconsistently","authors":"Anish Malladi, Krittika V. Tonapi, Thomas M. Kon","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17287-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17287-23","url":null,"abstract":"Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) is widely used in commercial apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.) production to reduce preharvest fruit drop (PFD) and delay ripening for harvest management. Recently, the maximum allowable concentration of AVG was doubled (up to 264 mg⋅L −1 ). Reports of the relationship between the AVG concentration and fruit growth, size, and quality have been contradictory. We evaluated the relationship between the AVG concentration and PFD, fruit size, fruit quality, and expression of ethylene signaling-related and cell wall modification-related genes. Experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 using mature ‘Red Delicious’ in western North Carolina. The AVG treatments [0 and 132 (AVG-1x) and 264 mg⋅L −1 (AVG-2x)] were applied 3 weeks before the expected harvest. The AVG treatments reduced fruit drop and internal ethylene concentration relative to the control in both years. There was no difference in drop between AVG-1x and AVG-2x applications. Only in 2020 did AVG treatments delay fruit softening and starch hydrolysis and reduce soluble solids concentration. There were no effects on red fruit color development. Fruit size was unaffected by AVG in 2019, but it was reduced in 2020 with the AVG-2x application. AVG reduced ethylene synthesis and altered signaling, evidenced by decreased relative expression of genes related to ethylene signaling ( ARGOS1, ARGOS2 ). AVG applications also reduced the expression of EXPA8;1 , suggesting that reduced cell wall disassembly was associated with a reduction in fruit softening. These results indicate that preharvest applications of 132 mg⋅L −1 AVG effectively reduced PFD via altering ethylene evolution and signaling. Use of a higher AVG concentration was of limited benefit.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}