UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"Addressing Gender & Sexuality in the Classroom and the Effects on Adolescents","authors":"Maya Cecilia Mendez","doi":"10.5070/M4121043356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/M4121043356","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Mendez, Maya Cecilia | Abstract: This literature review presents research examining the school environment for LGBTQ students and the type of effects a positively and negatively perceived environment can have on these students as well as on educators and peers. Bullying and harassment are still a concern in schools despite there having been advancements in anti-bullying programs and policies (Poteat a Vecho, 2016). This is especially true for LGBTQ students. There have been recent changes in the sociopolitical climate and the movement to support this group of students but still, they continue to face harassment and lack of support from the educators and school administrations (Dragowski, McCabe, a Rubinson, 2016).Not only do LGBTQ students face difficulty with their peers and even teachers but also with their education. There is pushback against more inclusive sexual education that addresses sexuality beyond heteronormativity and gender nonconformity (Gegenfurtner a Gebhardt, 2017). However, we see that it is this lack of education that can result in LGBTQ students not feeling safe in schools because uneducated students may harass them and teachers may not know how to respond when a student is being harassed or is in need of someone to talk to (Dragowski et al., 2016).This literature review will look at what LGBTQ students face at school in regard to bullying from their peers as well as discussions for and against discussing gender and sexuality in the classroom and what affects both having and not having school support has on the LGBTQ students. Literature that discussed elementary aged children or college aged students were excluded. Research was limited between the years of 2013 and 2018 with the exception of Heteronormativity, school climates, and perceived safety for gender nonconforming peers by Toomey, R. B., McGuire, J. K., a Russell, S. T., 2012.For this literature review, “adolescence” has been defined as: being between the ages of 13 and 19; being of middle school and high school age. “Heteronormativity” has been defined in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) as “[t]he property or quality of being heteronormative; the privileging of biologically determined gender roles and heterosexuality”. “Gender nonconformity” has been defined by Merriam Webster as “a state in which a person has physical and behavioral characteristics that do not correspond with those typically associated with the person's sex”.The databases used to find the literature were: Science Direct, specifically looking in the Journal of School Psychology; Wiley Online Library database, specifically in the journal Psychology for the Schools; and psychARTICLES in ProQuest. The key words used were: “gender”, “sexuality”, “LGBTQ”, and “gender” AND “sexuality”.","PeriodicalId":131320,"journal":{"name":"UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127104271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Cardiovascular Health of Women (Or the Lack Thereof)","authors":"Shelby L Sindelar","doi":"10.5070/M4122048566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/M4122048566","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Sindelar, Shelby L | Abstract: Females are being inaccurately underrepresented in clinical studies of medications for cardiovascular disease. Even though about half of patients with cardiovascular disease in America are women, they only make up about 1/3 of the patients included in clinical studies for cardiac medications. Therefore, women needlessly experience negative side effects that could be prevented with cardiac medications specifically for women. Furthermore, females' hearts are fundamentally different than males' hearts and therefore, require different medications for their specific needs. Thus, pharmaceutical companies must develop cardiac medications tailored specifically for womens' hearts and biological needs in order to prevent unnecessary deaths due to underlying gender descrimination.","PeriodicalId":131320,"journal":{"name":"UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121192019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Methods to Unlock Molybdenum Disulfide","authors":"Anthony G. Rodriguez","doi":"10.5070/M4122048145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/M4122048145","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Rodriguez, Anthony | Abstract: In today’s world, we’ve invented many new technologies that have allowed us to map out the earth’s surface but just as we can map out surfaces in a large scale, we can also map out surfaces in a very small scale such as in nanometers. Thus, giving us opportunities to study a discover various materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) crystalline flakes. MoS2 being a material that has a similar yet different structure to graphene, low friction when compared to SiO2 (a low friction material as is), and provides many potential applications that can be implemented into aerospace as a solid lubricant. But like any fellow researcher studying a material, each has their own methods/techniques that they use to obtain results. In our proposal, we will cover the research that has taken place to provide a consensus of MoS2’s potential application as a solid lubricant in aerospace to its low frictional properties in the nanometer scale. And the technologies we’ll be looking into to access for our methods/techniques for researching will be Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Photoelectric Spectroscopy (XPS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Tribometers at the University of California, Merced (UC Merced).","PeriodicalId":131320,"journal":{"name":"UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122675169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HOW DO WE FIGHT FOR OUR LIVES? THE POWER OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY","authors":"Marc Denisse Estepa","doi":"10.5070/m4112043833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/m4112043833","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Estepa, Marc Denisse | Abstract: The current understanding of the evolutionary emergence of the immune system in organisms is still unclear to this day. It is acknowledged that some aspects of the immune system definitely improved the survival of living organisms, whether it be plant, or bacteria, vertebrates or invertebrates. The different immune proteins and complexes are constantly being studied to understand exactly how the immune system play a role in the human development. In this review, we proposea developmental and evolutionary explanation to how we present an immune system, understand the selective pressure in immune cells, explain the relationship of bacteria or viruses to their host, and analyze the augmentation of human vulnerability to diseases.","PeriodicalId":131320,"journal":{"name":"UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132659396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Sadistic Behavior and its Correlation to Sexual Coercion Leads to Fetishes and Sexual Aggression","authors":"Jorge Beltran, Vilma Jeaneth Flores, Eva Fernanda Ordonez","doi":"10.5070/m4111041555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/m4111041555","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Beltran, Jorge; Flores, Vilma Jeaneth; Ordonez, Eva | Abstract: In this literature review, we will be discussing how sadistic behavior and its correlation to sexual coercion leads to fetishes and sexual aggression. Studies such as Robertson a Knight’s key defining aspects to sadism revolve around domination and control over victims. The study conducted by Robertson a Knight compromised of 314 sadistic incarcerated male sex offenders were given the PCL-R which was able to significantly predict all sexual violence factors. Additionally, within a second group comprised of 599 participants were deemed sexually dangerous due to results predicting violence, physical control and sexual behavior. The researchers concluded that, sadism is highly correlated with sexual violence. Sadism falls under the larger umbrella of paraphilias which include necrophilia, psychopathy sexual sadism (sexual coercion and sexual aggression). The serial killer Jerome Henry Brudos, was an exemplified this idea. Brudos, had a domineering mother and was said to be of lower intellectual capacity. Brudos was a sexual sadist, who had the comorbidity of necrophilia and fetishism and as a result was a violent serial killer.","PeriodicalId":131320,"journal":{"name":"UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128721072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor and Staff Biographies","authors":"Emilie A McCall","doi":"10.5070/m4111043681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/m4111043681","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): McCall, Emilie A | Abstract: Biographies of Editors and Staff of the 2019 Undergraduate Research Journal team.","PeriodicalId":131320,"journal":{"name":"UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125458581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Equal Education: Reducing Gender Bias in STEM Education","authors":"Téa S Pusey","doi":"10.5070/M4122047579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/M4122047579","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Pusey, Tea Skye | Abstract: The STEM field has become one of the most high-paying and impactful fields in our society. However, data shows that women only makeup 25% of STEM employees and 30% of STEM graduates. To understand how these inequalities emerged, it is important to look at the beginning of the STEM education pipeline.The purpose of this research is to discover how schools can reduce gender bias in their classrooms. My research discusses two main causes of the lack of female participation in STEM: microaggressions and implicit biases. Microaggressions are implicit or explicit actions or comments that are aimed at someone’s abilities based on a certain characteristic, in this case, gender. Implicit bias is the unconscious bias some may hold against women in STEM. These issues are commonly seen within the STEM education, both among peers and educators.My proposed solution to reduce gender bias in classrooms is to create an outreach program or organization that provides girls the support they need to be successful in STEM. The first outcome for this program would be to provide a support system for female STEM students. This would be done by hosting study sessions, research opportunities, and even a student-mentor program. The other outcome for this program would be to educate teachers and administrators on how they can create a gender-inclusive classroom and support their female students. I believe this initiative would help not only educate the public on the issue, but also encourage more female students to pursue a career in a STEM pathway.","PeriodicalId":131320,"journal":{"name":"UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"30 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132678556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antisocial Personality Disorder: Understanding Sub-Categories Review","authors":"Angelina Mirassou","doi":"10.5070/m4112043702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/m4112043702","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Mirassou, Angelina | Abstract: This literature review looks at how these terms can affect brain studies, diagnosis and criminology. Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a complex term used in the DSM 5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). ASPD has sub-categories; psychopathy, and sociopathy are two of the sub-categories. Each of the sub-categories have additional sub-categories within them. The terminology concerning ASPD and all of its more specific areas is incredibly complex, and may hinder research when used improperly. This literature review will show how correct terminology is important to furthering research in the criminal population, and how furthering brain research will help develop clearer models, and will also touch on the main populations of study, for research growth on this topic of ASPD.","PeriodicalId":131320,"journal":{"name":"UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124196365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closing the Racial and Gender Gap in Science","authors":"O. Álvarez","doi":"10.5070/m4112043309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/m4112043309","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Alvarez, Olivia | Abstract: The sciences have greatly remained dominated by men, regardless of the many attempts and initiatives to end the gender and racial inequalities. Women and people of color have remained underrepresented throughout society and academia. In this study, interviews were conducted in order to observe and collect similar experiences within participants’ responses about their writing, research, and the exclusion of underrepresented groups in science such as women and people of color. The main focus of this study was on gender inequality, racial bias, and discrimination placed upon the scholarly, peer review process as it is the base of scientific publishing. The results collected were to provide solutions to these ongoing issues in order to create a more diverse and inclusive environment within academic institutions, workplaces, and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. The purpose of doing so will shed a light on the barrier gaps in STEM related fields.","PeriodicalId":131320,"journal":{"name":"UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123543440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Dysphoria and Sexual Reassignment: A Health Review on Post-Operative Individuals","authors":"Reynaldo Martínez","doi":"10.5070/m4111042627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/m4111042627","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Martinez Martinez Jr, Reynaldo | Abstract: In this review the well-being of post-sexual reassignment individuals will be discussed. Gender dysphoria (GD) and sexual reassignment surgery (SRS) continues to be a research process for the scientific community on evaluating the health statuses of transitioned individuals. Though researchers consider this subject in its primitive stage of investigation, the literature available gives ideas in assessing whether these sexual reassignment procedures work for gender dysphoric individuals. There is a diverse amount of material on GD and SRS that detail both similar and differing results depending on the type of methodologies used by researchers. Reviewing the style of research, methods, and results within studies can bring more knowledge and spring new ideas to form better conclusions on the health statuses of individuals diagnosed with gender dysphoria and their post-operative self.","PeriodicalId":131320,"journal":{"name":"UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128404257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}