{"title":"Evaluating the Efficacy of Consumer Protection Act, 2019 in the Backdrop of Consumer Protection Act, 1986: An Empirical Study","authors":"Ranita Nagar, Prashant Tiwari","doi":"10.17492/jpi.pragati.v9i1.912204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17492/jpi.pragati.v9i1.912204","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is conceptualized within the framework of liability system as an exchange system based on the ‘Law and Economics’ approach. It empirically measures, in percentage terms, the nature, types, causes, form and extent of harm faced by the consumer during transacting goods and services based on Consumer Protection Act, 1986 and the extent of redressal available to the consumer under Consumer Protection Act 1986 in order to evaluate the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 Act on efficiency parameters. The random sampling method has been applied to identify a total of 200 cases from the states of Kerala and Rajasthan over a three-year time line. The data analysis of the two states highlights significant reduction of transaction cost as well as efficient internalization of the harm in the Consumer Protection Act 2019 Act as compared to its 1986 counterpart; yet there are instances where 2019 can be made more efficient.","PeriodicalId":131046,"journal":{"name":"PRAGATI: Journal of Indian Economy","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122673606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Analysis of IPOs: Evidence from India","authors":"Shobha Rajamadagu, Annapoorna M. S.","doi":"10.17492/jpi.pragati.v9i1.912205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17492/jpi.pragati.v9i1.912205","url":null,"abstract":"Initial public offering (IPO) is a method to raise finance by private companies to meet their growing requirements. IPOs have become attractive and lucrative to the investors as they are under-priced and offer a good return in the future. Therefore the present study analyses 144 IPOs offered from 2014 to 2020 on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), India. Raw returns, market-adjusted excess return (MAER), annualized returns, and wealth relative tools are used for analysis. The study supports the empirical research in the Indian context that IPOs are underpriced. Further, the raw return has increased from 18.09% to 48.83% during 12 months’ time period indicating wealth generated amongst the shareholders. The wealth relative model has been employed to ascertain the performance of IPOs against the market. The results confirm that in all the years, IPOs have outperformed the markets, and they are under-priced too.","PeriodicalId":131046,"journal":{"name":"PRAGATI: Journal of Indian Economy","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115064138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}