Cynthia S. Levine, G. Miller, M. Lachman, T. Seeman, E. Chen
{"title":"Early Life Adversity and Adult Health","authors":"Cynthia S. Levine, G. Miller, M. Lachman, T. Seeman, E. Chen","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190676384.013.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190676384.013.3","url":null,"abstract":"Research has shown that early life adversity can have implications for health later in life. Specifically, socioeconomic disadvantage, parental maltreatment, and parent divorce and death in childhood have been linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and mortality in adulthood. Increasingly, recent research has focused on which factors can protect against these poor health outcomes and what promotes resilience, despite early life adversity. This chapter reviews research linking early life adversity to health, with a focus on highlighting the psychosocial factors that play this type of protective role. These factors include social and relational ones, such as maternal nurturance, as well as beliefs and coping strategies. The chapter concludes by suggesting areas of future research, including additional investigation of which psychosocial factors protect health, how multiple psychosocial factors might interact to protect health, and how early life adversity might affect adult health across different groups throughout the life span.","PeriodicalId":130771,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125321933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social Capital, Altruistic Behavior, and Mental Health","authors":"T. Fujiwara, C. Ryff","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190676384.013.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190676384.013.36","url":null,"abstract":"Social capital matters for health, but issues of causal directionality and underlying mechanisms are not well understood. It is widely known that receiving social support is good for health, although few studies have investigated the impact of showing caring, altruistic behaviors on health of the provider. Further, as the family is a core component of society, altruistic behaviors toward children may be a unique context for evaluating the impact of such caring on the mental health of parents. This chapter provides a brief overview of prior research on social capital, altruism, and health. It then describes a series of studies conducted with the Midlife in the United States data set, including longitudinal and twin analyses, to examine the impact of altruistic behaviors on various mental health outcomes. The impact of altruistic behaviors toward children on the mental health of parents and grandparents is also considered. The chapter concludes with suggested directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":130771,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129363694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Family as a Naturally Occurring Stressor: Race, Psychosocial Factors, and Daily Health","authors":"K. Cichy, J. Lee","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190676384.013.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190676384.013.11","url":null,"abstract":"Racial disparities in health are substantial and well documented. Differential exposure and reactivity to psychological stressors provide one way through which African Americans’ health is disadvantaged. Although supportive family networks buffer African Americans from the harmful effects of stressors, a growing body of work emphasizes the physical and psychological costs associated with African Americans’ family ties. This chapter summarizes research on racial disparities in health and well-being and illustrates the advantages of daily diary methods for examining links between race, psychosocial stressors, and daily health by describing Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) research on racial differences in the health implications of stressful experiences involving family relationships. Together, findings provide insights into how and when family stressors and social support demands compromise African Americans’ health and well-being. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the broader implications of the MIDUS findings and directions for future research on race and health.","PeriodicalId":130771,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127845442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Promoting Healthy Practices in the Workplace: Making Workers’ Health a Priority Before It Becomes a Problem","authors":"Kasey E. Longley, Amy M. Smith, J. Grzywacz","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190676384.013.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190676384.013.8","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this chapter is to engage more researchers in the study of “work and health” using the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Primary emphasis is placed on the fundamental role paid work plays in producing health outcomes, and modifiable elements of the workplace that could contribute to improvements in human health. Work and employment assessments are fundamental cornerstones of the MIDUS enterprise; consequently, it is well equipped to shed light on and advance thinking about health-promoting (or -damaging) effects of paid employment. The chapter begins with a basic description of theoretical models frequently used to understand how and why work may affect health outcomes. The chapter discusses the contributions made to the work and health literature by the diverse studies made possible through the MIDUS enterprise. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future studies that take advantage of the unique data presented by the MIDUS.","PeriodicalId":130771,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126283575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intimate Partner Relationships and Health","authors":"D. Carr, Dawne M. Mouzon","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676384.013.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676384.013.12","url":null,"abstract":"The linkages between intimate relationships and superior physical and mental health are well documented. Contemporary scholars explore under what conditions, for which outcomes, for whom, and through which pathways marriage and other intimate partnerships affect health. The chapter summarizes conceptual frameworks for understanding marriage and health, and contemporary empirical studies yielding four main discoveries: Relationship status is powerfully linked to health in cross-sectional studies, yet weaker associations are found in longitudinal studies that account for social selection; the protective effects of romantic partnerships vary based on characteristics of the union; the marriage–health nexus varies based on gender, race, and age; and (d) integrative science approaches have advanced understanding of the pathways linking social relationships to health. The review draws on population-based longitudinal studies, notably the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Implications of contemporary research on marriage and health for policy and practice are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":130771,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133994491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas E. Fuller-Rowell, David S. Curtis, Adrienne M. Duke
{"title":"Disparities in Health Between Black and White Americans: Current Knowledge and Directions for Future Research","authors":"Thomas E. Fuller-Rowell, David S. Curtis, Adrienne M. Duke","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190676384.013.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190676384.013.33","url":null,"abstract":"Conceptual frameworks for racial/ethnic health disparities are abundant, but many have received insufficient empirical attention. As a result, there are substantial gaps in scientific knowledge and a range of untested hypotheses. Particularly lacking is specificity in behavioral and biological mechanisms for such disparities and their underlying social determinants. Alongside lack of political will and public investment, insufficient clarity in mechanisms has stymied efforts to address racial health disparities. Capitalizing on emergent findings from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study and other longitudinal studies of aging, this chapter evaluates research on health disparities between black and white US adults. Attention is given to candidate behavioral and biological mechanisms as precursors to group differences in morbidity and mortality and to environmental and sociocultural factors that may underlie these mechanisms. Future research topics are discussed, emphasizing those that offer promise with respect to illuminating practical solutions to racial/ethnic health disparities.","PeriodicalId":130771,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134546104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychosocial Consequences of Body Weight and Obesity","authors":"D. Carr, V. Tsenkova","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190676384.013.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190676384.013.15","url":null,"abstract":"The body weight of U.S. adults and children has risen markedly over the past three decades. The physical health consequences of obesity are widely documented, and emerging research from the Midlife in the United States study and other large-scale surveys reveals the harmful impact of obesity on adults’ psychosocial and interpersonal well-being. This chapter synthesizes recent research on the psychosocial implications of body weight, with attention to explanatory mechanisms and subgroup differences in these patterns. A brief statistical portrait of body weight is provided, documenting rates and correlates of obesity, with a focus on race, gender, and socioeconomic status disparities. The consequences of body weight for three main outcomes are described: institutional and everyday discrimination, interpersonal relationships, and psychological well-being. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the ways that recent integrative health research on the psychosocial consequences of overweight and obesity inform our understanding of population health.","PeriodicalId":130771,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133484690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychosocial Resources and Physiological Dysregulation","authors":"J. Wiley, T. Gruenewald, T. Seeman","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190676384.013.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190676384.013.13","url":null,"abstract":"Psychosocial resources refer to individual personality and social relationship factors that tend to cluster together and contribute to psychological and physical health and well-being. Growing evidence demonstrates robust relations between psychosocial resources and health. Physiological dysregulation represents one key mechanism that may help to explain the link between psychosocial resources and health. The current chapter focuses on the relations of psychosocial resources with physiology, drawing on findings from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study and other large, epidemiological studies. The focus is on the relations of psychosocial resources with allostatic load, a composite index of multisystem physiological dysregulation, while also highlighting select findings for individual biomarkers. The summary of evidence examines psychosocial resources as both a direct and a moderating factor on biological outcomes. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research.","PeriodicalId":130771,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121016149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Road to Positive Health: Behavioral and Biological Pathways Linking Positive Psychological Functioning With Health Outcomes","authors":"Julia K. Boehm","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676384.013.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676384.013.22","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence suggests that positive psychological functioning is related to health and longevity. The underlying pathways that link positive psychological functioning with health and longevity are less clear, but behavioral and biological processes may be likely candidates. Well-characterized measures of positive psychological functioning, combined with assessments of health behaviors and biological markers, make data from the MIDUS study particularly well suited for investigating these topics. This chapter reviews evidence from MIDUS linking positive psychological functioning with health outcomes and longevity, focused particularly on cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death. Mechanistic pathways related to stress buffering, biological processes, and health behaviors are explored. Both restorative and deteriorative processes are considered so as to provide a comprehensive understanding of what health entails. The chapter concludes with suggested directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":130771,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116348310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Approaching Human Health as an Integrative Challenge: Introduction and Overview","authors":"C. Ryff, R. Krueger","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190676384.013.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190676384.013.1","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of the Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science. A first section examines the rationale for multidisciplinary research on human health via evolution of biopsychosocial integration in a major national longitudinal study, known as MIDUS (Midlife in the United States). It began with in-depth survey assessments of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors and a daily diary component and was then expanded to include assessments of cognition, biomarkers, and neuroscience as well as a city-specific minority sample. Multiple waves of longitudinal data and recruitment of a “refresher” sample followed. The remainder of this introduction highlights scientific advances (elaborated in subsequent chapters) that followed from collecting in-depth information on the same set of participants. Each chapter offers a narrative of multiple scientific findings in targeted areas. We end with a glimpse at the road ahead in advancing integrative health science.","PeriodicalId":130771,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131163313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}