Hormones & CancerPub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1007/s12672-018-0323-z
Bianca Facchim Gonçalves, Silvana Gisele Pegorin de Campos, Wagner José Fávaro, Joyce Zalotti Brandt, Cristiane Figueiredo Pinho, Luis Antônio Justulin, Sebastião Roberto Taboga, Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano
{"title":"Combinatorial Effect of Abiraterone Acetate and NVP-BEZ235 on Prostate Tumor Progression in Rats.","authors":"Bianca Facchim Gonçalves, Silvana Gisele Pegorin de Campos, Wagner José Fávaro, Joyce Zalotti Brandt, Cristiane Figueiredo Pinho, Luis Antônio Justulin, Sebastião Roberto Taboga, Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano","doi":"10.1007/s12672-018-0323-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-018-0323-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Use of drug combinations that target different pathways involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa) has emerged as an alternative to overcome the resistance caused by drug monotherapies. The antiandrogen abiraterone acetate and the PI3K/Akt inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 (BEZ235) may be suitable options for the prevention of drug resistance and the inhibition of PCa progression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether abiraterone acetate and BEZ235 achieve superior therapeutic effects to either drug administered as monotherapy, in the early stages of PCa in an androgen-dependent system. Our study showed that each drug might impair tumor growth by reducing proliferation and increasing cell death when administered as monotherapy. However, tumor growth continued to progress with each drug monotherapy and some important side effects were related to BEZ. Conversely, when used in combination, the drugs impaired the inflammatory response, decreased hyperplastic lesions, and blocked tumor progression from premalignant to a malignant stage. Our data showed that the strategy to block the androgenic and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is an effective therapeutic option and should be investigated including distinct PI3K pathway inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13060,"journal":{"name":"Hormones & Cancer","volume":"9 3","pages":"175-187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12672-018-0323-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9837477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hormones & CancerPub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1007/s12672-018-0322-0
Esra Korkmaz Kirakli, Ufuk Yilmaz, Hasan Yilmaz, Berna Komurcuoglu
{"title":"Fasting Blood Glucose Level in Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: a New Prognostic Factor?","authors":"Esra Korkmaz Kirakli, Ufuk Yilmaz, Hasan Yilmaz, Berna Komurcuoglu","doi":"10.1007/s12672-018-0322-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-018-0322-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperglycemia may lead to proliferation, invasion, apoptosis inhibition, migration, and eventually metastasis of cancer cells by several mechanisms. In this study, the effect of hyperglycemia on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and locoregional recurrence (LRR) was investigated in NSCLC. One stage IIIA-IIIB NSCLC patient treated with chemoradiotherapy between 2010 and 2015 was enrolled. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were recorded in pre-treatment, treatment, and post-treatment periods. Median age was 54 years (51-62). Fifty-two patients had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); 19 had adenocarcinoma. Median follow-up was 19 (11-30), median survival was 19 (13-24), and DFS was 9 (7-11) months. Diabetic patients had shorter survival than non-diabetics 12 (95%CI, 10-14) vs. 25 months (95%CI,18-32), p = 0.005. Number of patients with LRR was also higher in diabetics compared to non-diabetics (8/12 vs. 11/37, p = 0.039). OS was shorter in patients with hyperglycemic-FBG and diabetic-FBG levels in pre-treatment period (log-rank p = 0.03 and 0.023, respectively). Diabetic-FBG level in pre-treatment period was found to be the only independent risk factor for survival. In subgroup analysis, these differences were apparent in SCC (log-rank p = 0.009 for hyperglicemic, log-rank p = 0.017 for diabetic-FBG). LRR was 68% in patients with diabetic-FBG, 36.5% in patients with non-diabetic-FBG in post-treatment period (p = 0.015). Patients with LRR had significantly higher median FBG value in post-treatment period compared to non-relapsing patients, 138 mg/dL (119-228) and 111 mg/dL (99-164), respectively (p = 0.022). The patients with hyperglycemic and diabetic-FBG levels in pre-treatment period had shorter survival compared to normoglycemic ones. The patients with diabetic-FBG level in post-treatment period had higher LRR, and relapsing patients had higher FBG levels in post-treatment period.</p>","PeriodicalId":13060,"journal":{"name":"Hormones & Cancer","volume":"9 3","pages":"188-196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12672-018-0322-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9844603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hormones & CancerPub Date : 2018-06-01Epub Date: 2018-02-13DOI: 10.1007/s12672-018-0326-9
Aleck Hercbergs, Shaker A Mousa, Matthew Leinung, Hung-Yun Lin, Paul J Davis
{"title":"Thyroid Hormone in the Clinic and Breast Cancer.","authors":"Aleck Hercbergs, Shaker A Mousa, Matthew Leinung, Hung-Yun Lin, Paul J Davis","doi":"10.1007/s12672-018-0326-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-018-0326-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is preclinical and recent epidemiological evidence that thyroid hormone supports breast cancer. These observations raise the issue of whether management of breast cancer in certain settings should include consideration of reducing the possible contribution of thyroid hormone to the advancement of the disease. In a preliminary experience, elimination of the clinical action of endogenous L-thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>) in patients with advanced solid tumors, including breast cancer, has favorably affected the course of the cancer, particularly when coupled with administration of exogenous 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T<sub>3</sub>) (euthyroid hypothyroxinemia). We discuss in the current brief review the possible clinical settings in which to consider whether endogenous thyroid hormone-or exogenous thyroid hormone in the patient with hypothyroidism and coincident breast cancer-is significantly contributing to breast cancer outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":13060,"journal":{"name":"Hormones & Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"139-143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12672-018-0326-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35828753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hormones & CancerPub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s12672-017-0314-5
Jessica L Christenson, Jane B Trepel, Haythem Y Ali, Sunmin Lee, Joel R Eisner, Edwina S Baskin-Bey, Anthony D Elias, Jennifer K Richer
{"title":"Harnessing a Different Dependency: How to Identify and Target Androgen Receptor-Positive Versus Quadruple-Negative Breast Cancer.","authors":"Jessica L Christenson, Jane B Trepel, Haythem Y Ali, Sunmin Lee, Joel R Eisner, Edwina S Baskin-Bey, Anthony D Elias, Jennifer K Richer","doi":"10.1007/s12672-017-0314-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-017-0314-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The androgen receptor (AR) is a promising therapeutic target for a subset of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) in which AR is expressed. However, the mechanistic action of AR and the degree to which primary and metastatic tumors depend on AR, both before and after conventional treatment, remain to be defined. We discuss preclinical and clinical data for AR+ TNBC, the difficulties in monitoring AR protein levels, new methods for determining AR status, the influence of AR on \"stemness\" in the context of TNBC, the role of combined inhibition of sex steroid production and AR, and the role of AR in regulation of the immune system. Although the exact role of AR in subsets of TNBC is still being characterized, new therapies that target AR and the production of androgens may provide additional options for patients with TNBC for whom chemotherapy is currently the sole treatment option.</p>","PeriodicalId":13060,"journal":{"name":"Hormones & Cancer","volume":"9 2","pages":"82-94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12672-017-0314-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9846956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hormones & CancerPub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s12672-017-0319-0
Vladimir Djedovic, Yoo-Young Lee, Alexandra Kollara, Taymaa May, Theodore J Brown
{"title":"The Two Faces of Adjuvant Glucocorticoid Treatment in Ovarian Cancer.","authors":"Vladimir Djedovic, Yoo-Young Lee, Alexandra Kollara, Taymaa May, Theodore J Brown","doi":"10.1007/s12672-017-0319-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-017-0319-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adjuvant glucocorticoid treatment is routinely used in the treatment of ovarian cancer to mitigate the undesirable side effects of chemotherapy, thereby enhancing tolerability to higher cytotoxic drug doses and frequency of treatment cycles. However, in vitro and preclinical in vivo and ex vivo studies indicate that glucocorticoids may spare tumor cells from undergoing cell death through enhanced cell adhesion, promotion of anti-inflammatory signaling, and/or inhibition of apoptotic pathways. The implications of laboratory studies showing potential negative impact on the efficacy of chemotherapy have been long overlooked since clinical investigations have found no apparent survival detriment attributable to adjuvant glucocorticoid use. Importantly, these clinical studies were not randomized and most did not consider glucocorticoid receptor status, a vital determinant of tumor response to glucocorticoid administration. Additionally, the clinically beneficial elements of increased chemotherapy treatment adherence and dosing afforded by adjuvant glucocorticoids may offset and therefore mask their anti-chemotherapy activities. This review summarizes the current evidence on the impact of glucocorticoids in ovarian cancer and discusses the need for further research and development of alternative strategies to ameliorate untoward side effects of chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13060,"journal":{"name":"Hormones & Cancer","volume":"9 2","pages":"95-107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12672-017-0319-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10223746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hormones & CancerPub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s12672-017-0320-7
Won Gu Kim, Sheue-Yann Cheng
{"title":"Mechanisms Linking Obesity and Thyroid Cancer Development and Progression in Mouse Models.","authors":"Won Gu Kim, Sheue-Yann Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s12672-017-0320-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-017-0320-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent compelling epidemiological studies indicate a strong association of obesity with thyroid cancer. Obesity has been shown to promote thyroid cancer progression and exacerbate poor outcome in thyroid cancer patients. However, the molecular mechanisms by which obesity increases thyroid cancer risk and facilitates cancer progression are not completely understood. Obesity induces complex pathological changes including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, adipokines, and inflammatory responses. These changes can affect the development and progression of cancer through highly complex interactions in vivo. The deleterious effect of obesity may differ according to the different cancer types. In view of the increased incidence of thyroid cancer in parallel with the widespread occurrence of obesity in the past decades, it is imperative to clarify how obesity affects thyroid carcinogenesis. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms by which obesity aggravates thyroid carcinogenesis as elucidated by mouse models of thyroid cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":13060,"journal":{"name":"Hormones & Cancer","volume":"9 2","pages":"108-116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12672-017-0320-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9846959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hormones & CancerPub Date : 2018-04-01Epub Date: 2018-01-23DOI: 10.1007/s12672-017-0317-2
Andrea Friesenhengst, Tamara Pribitzer-Winner, Heidi Miedl, Katharina Pröstling, Martin Schreiber
{"title":"Elevated Aromatase (CYP19A1) Expression Is Associated with a Poor Survival of Patients with Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer.","authors":"Andrea Friesenhengst, Tamara Pribitzer-Winner, Heidi Miedl, Katharina Pröstling, Martin Schreiber","doi":"10.1007/s12672-017-0317-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-017-0317-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic variants in CYP19A1, the gene encoding aromatase, have been reported to be associated with circulating estrogen concentrations, a key risk factor for breast cancer. The mechanism underlying this association is still unclear; it has been suggested that some of these variants may alter the expression and/or activity of aromatase. Here we analyzed the expression of intra-tumoral CYP19A1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and the genotypes of rs10046, a well-characterized single nucleotide polymorphism in CYP19A1, in 138 breast cancer patients and 15 breast cancer cell lines. The genotype TT was detected in 36 patients and six cell lines, genotype CT in 55 patients and five cell lines, and genotype CC in 28 patients and four cell lines. We found no evidence for a significant association of CYP19A1 levels with rs10046 genotypes, although expression tended to be higher in tumors and cell lines with the homozygous risk genotype TT. We also found no evidence for a significant association of rs10046 genotypes with breast cancer prognosis. In contrast, high CYP19A1 expression was highly significantly associated with a poor overall, disease-free, and metastasis-free survival in estrogen receptor-positive but not negative breast cancer patients. Moreover, CYP19A1 mRNA was significantly elevated in postmenopausal patients and in patients older than 50 years, and a trend towards a positive correlation with ER status and ESR1 mRNA expression was observed. These findings highlight the key role of aromatase in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":13060,"journal":{"name":"Hormones & Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"128-138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12672-017-0317-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35762383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hormones & CancerPub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s12672-017-0321-6
Kimberly A Bertrand, A Heather Eliassen, Susan E Hankinson, Bernard A Rosner, Rulla M Tamimi
{"title":"Circulating Hormones and Mammographic Density in Premenopausal Women.","authors":"Kimberly A Bertrand, A Heather Eliassen, Susan E Hankinson, Bernard A Rosner, Rulla M Tamimi","doi":"10.1007/s12672-017-0321-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-017-0321-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior research suggests that several endogenous hormones in premenopausal women are associated with breast cancer risk; however, few studies have evaluated associations of endogenous hormones with mammographic density (MD) in premenopausal women. We conducted a cross-sectional study of plasma hormone levels in relation to MD among 634 cancer-free premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II. We measured percent MD from screening mammograms using a computer-assisted method. We assayed estradiol, estrone, and estrone sulfate in blood samples timed in early follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle as well as testosterone, androstenedione, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and anti-Müllerian hormone in luteal or untimed samples. We used multivariable linear regression to quantify the association of %MD with quartiles of each hormone, adjusting for age, body mass index, and breast cancer risk factors. Women in the highest quartile of follicular estradiol levels had significantly greater %MD compared to those in the lowest quartile [difference, 6.7 percentage points; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2, 11.3; p-trend < 0.001]. Similar associations were observed for follicular free estradiol but not luteal-phase estradiol. Also, women in the top (vs. bottom) quartile of free testosterone had significantly lower %MD (difference, - 4.7; 95% CI - 8.7, - 0.8; p-trend = 0.04). Higher SHBG was significantly associated with higher percent MD (difference, 4.8; 95% CI 1.1, 8.6; p-trend = 0.002). Percent MD was not strongly associated with other measured hormones. Results were similar in analyses that excluded women with anovulatory cycles. Our findings suggest that follicular estradiol and SHBG may play an important role in premenopausal percent MD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13060,"journal":{"name":"Hormones & Cancer","volume":"9 2","pages":"117-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12672-017-0321-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9851439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hormones & CancerPub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s12672-018-0325-x
Brandi Patrice Smith, Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
{"title":"Urban Neighborhood and Residential Factors Associated with Breast Cancer in African American Women: a Systematic Review.","authors":"Brandi Patrice Smith, Zeynep Madak-Erdogan","doi":"10.1007/s12672-018-0325-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-018-0325-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Residential characteristics in urban neighborhoods impact health and might be important factors contributing to health disparities, especially in the African American population. The purpose of this systematic review is to understand the relationship between urban neighborhood and residential factors and breast cancer incidence and prognosis in African American women. Using PubMed and Web of Science, the existing literature was reviewed. Observational, cross-sectional, cohort, and prospective studies until February 2017 were examined. Studies including populations of African American women, setting in \"urban\" areas, and a measure of a neighborhood or residential factor were reviewed. Four parameters related to neighborhood or residential factors were extracted including: neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), residential segregation, spatial access to mammography, and residential pollution. Our analysis showed that African American women living in low nSES have greater odds of late stage diagnosis and mortality. Furthermore, African American women living in segregated areas (higher percentage of Blacks) have higher odds of late stage diagnosis and mortality compared to White and Hispanic women living in less segregated areas (lower percentage of Blacks). Late stage diagnosis was also shown to be significantly higher in areas with poor mammography access and areas with higher Black residential segregation. Lastly, residential pollution did not affect breast cancer risk in African American women. Overall, this systematic review provides a qualitative synthesis of major neighborhood and residential factors on breast cancer outcomes in African American women.</p>","PeriodicalId":13060,"journal":{"name":"Hormones & Cancer","volume":"9 2","pages":"71-81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12672-018-0325-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9846957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hormones & CancerPub Date : 2018-02-01Epub Date: 2017-10-04DOI: 10.1007/s12672-017-0311-8
Patricia Mjønes, Ivar S Nordrum, Øystein Sørdal, Liv Sagatun, Reidar Fossmark, Arne Sandvik, Helge L Waldum
{"title":"Expression of the Cholecystokinin-B Receptor in Neoplastic Gastric Cells.","authors":"Patricia Mjønes, Ivar S Nordrum, Øystein Sørdal, Liv Sagatun, Reidar Fossmark, Arne Sandvik, Helge L Waldum","doi":"10.1007/s12672-017-0311-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-017-0311-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer is an important disease due to its high mortality. Despite the decline in frequency, most cases are discovered late in its course, and most of the cancer patients die within a few years of diagnosis. In addition to Helicobacter pylori gastritis, gastrin is considered an important factor in the development of this disease, and thus, cholecystokinin-B receptor (CCKBR) becomes of interest. The aim of our study was to explore whether CCKBR is expressed in stomach cancers. Thirty-seven tumors from 19 men and 18 women diagnosed with either adenocarcinoma or neuroendocrine neoplasm (NENs) were included in this study. The tumors were classified into 29 adenocarcinomas and eight NENs. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies against chromogranin A (CgA), synaptophysin and CCKBR, and in situ hybridization with probes against CgA, CCKBR and histidine decarboxylase were used to further explore these tumors. Thirty-three (89%) of the tumors expressed CCKBR protein, whereas only 20 (54%) of all tumors expressed CCKBR mRNA. Of the 20 tumors expressing CCKBR mRNA, eight were NENs and 12 were adenocarcinoma. The highest amount of CCKBR was expressed in NEN. Interestingly, a high degree of co-expression of CCKBR and CgA was observed when the two markers were examined together with in situ hybridization. In conclusion, we found that all eight NENs expressed CCKBR and neuroendocrine markers in a majority of tumor cells. The same markers were also expressed in a proportion of adenocarcinomas supporting the view that gastrin is important in the development of gastric cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":13060,"journal":{"name":"Hormones & Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"40-54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12672-017-0311-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35473700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}