Hormone Research in Paediatrics最新文献

{"title":"31st Annual Meeting of the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Endocrinología pediátrica (SLEP) 2024, Santiago, Chile, September 11-14, 2024 - Preliminary Page.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000543820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000543820","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13025,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Research in Paediatrics","volume":"98 Suppl 1","pages":"I"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of Patient and Caregiver Preferences for Growth Hormone Deficiency Treatments in France: A Discrete Choice Experiment.","authors":"Michel Polak, Béatrice Demaret, Robin Henocque, Lylia Chachoua, Samuel Aballea, Marwa Mezghani, Daria La Torre, Lara Salvi, Philippe Touraine","doi":"10.1159/000534974","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to identify drivers of preference for growth hormone deficiency (GHD) treatment in French children, and their caregivers, and to quantify the relative importance of different aspects of treatment modalities using a discrete choice experiment (DCE).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Attributes characterizing GHD treatment modalities were identified through a literature review, qualitative interviews, and focus groups with children, adolescents, and caregivers. A DCE questionnaire of 12 choice tasks was administered online to four groups of participants: autonomous adolescents (12-18 years), nonautonomous adolescent/caregiver dyads, caregivers of nonautonomous children (3-11 years), and autonomous children/caregiver dyads. The survey was pilot tested. A multinomial logit model with random effects was used to estimate preference weights for all attribute levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Frequency of administration, injection pain, dose setting, type of device, storage, and device reusability were selected as DCE attributes following the qualitative research phase and a pilot study. A total of 105 patients were represented in the DCE survey. Frequency of administration and injection pain were the attributes with the greatest influence on respondents' preferences and had similar importance. Weekly administration was significantly preferred over daily administration by all groups of participants. Respondents' choices were also significantly influenced by the type of device, dose setting, and device reusability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with GHD and their caregivers prefer a less frequent injection schedule and lower injection pain. Both aspects of treatment modalities are important to consider in treatment decisions to alleviate the daily burden for GHD patients and their families and potentially enhance treatment adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":13025,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Research in Paediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"13-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138459596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"False-Negative Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling in Young-Onset Cushing Disease: What Happens Next.","authors":"Cristina Maschio, Jessica Weinberg, Meg Keil, Lola Saidkhodjaeva, Prashant Chittiboina, Richard Chang, Constantine A Stratakis, Christina Tatsi","doi":"10.1159/000533338","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000533338","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;False-negative results during inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) may complicate the diagnostic evaluation of patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome (CS). The management of these patients can be confusing for clinicians and lead to delayed management.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We studied patients with young-onset (&lt;21 years old) CD who underwent IPSS during their diagnostic evaluation. For all patients, diagnosis of CD was eventually confirmed based on histologic evaluation of a resected pituitary tumor or remission after transsphenoidal surgery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We recorded a rare incidence of false-negative IPSS results in 5 out of the 142 IPSS procedures (3.5%), performed in 4 unique patients. Patients with negative IPSS did not differ in demographic (age and sex) or biochemical (diurnal ACTH/cortisol or 24-hour urinary free cortisol) data from the remaining. Additional workup was performed in three of the four patients including evaluation for ectopic sources of CS and repeat IPSS. Two of these patients also received medical treatment for suppression of cortisol production. One patient decided to proceed with pituitary exploration without additional evaluation. All patients finally underwent surgery and achieved remission.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion/conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In patients with CD, IPSS may rarely lead to false-negative results. Management of these patients usually includes screening for ectopic sources of ACTH/CRH secretion, repeating IPSS if ectopic workup is negative, and considering medical management until final diagnosis of the source of hypercortisolism is made.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;False-negative results during inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) may complicate the diagnostic evaluation of patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome (CS). The management of these patients can be confusing for clinicians and lead to delayed management.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We studied patients with young-onset (&lt;21 years old) CD who underwent IPSS during their diagnostic evaluation. For all patients, diagnosis of CD was eventually confirmed based on histologic evaluation of a resected pituitary tumor or remission after transsphenoidal surgery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We recorded a rare incidence of false-negative IPSS results in 5 out of the 142 IPSS procedures (3.5%), performed in 4 unique patients. Patients with negative IPSS did not differ in demographic (age and sex) or biochemical (diurnal ACTH/cortisol or 24-hour urinary free cortisol) data from the remaining. Additional workup was performed in three of the four patients including evaluation for ectopic sources of CS and repeat IPSS. Two of these patients also received medical treatment for suppression of cortisol production. One patient decided to proceed with pituitary exploration without additional evaluation. All patients finally underwent surgery and achieved remission.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;stro","PeriodicalId":13025,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Research in Paediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11176263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138799396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DHX37 Variant Is One of the Common Genetic Causes in Japanese Patients with Testicular Regression Syndrome/Partial Gonadal Dysgenesis without Müllerian Derivatives.","authors":"Kazuhiro Shimura, Yosuke Ichihashi, Satsuki Nakano, Takeshi Sato, Takashi Hamajima, Keita Numasawa, Satoshi Narumi, Tomonobu Hasegawa, Tomohiro Ishii","doi":"10.1159/000537761","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000537761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The testicular regression syndrome (TRS) is a form of differences of sex development (DSD) in which the testes differentiate and function during early embryonic development, but subsequently regress. The clinical phenotype of TRS often overlaps with that of partial gonadal dysgenesis (PGD). Previous studies have demonstrated a causal association between TRS/PGD and heterozygous missense variants of DHX37.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 11 Japanese 46,XY individuals (from 10 families) with TRS/PGD who exhibited undetected or hypoplastic testes, Müllerian duct regression, and low serum testosterone or anti-Müllerian hormone levels. The subjects underwent targeted sequencing of 36 known causative genes for DSD, PCR-based Sanger sequencing of DHX37, or whole-exome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Previously described pathogenic variants or novel nonsense variants (SRY, NR5A1, and DMRT1) were observed in four out of 10 families. Additionally, we identified two heterozygous rare variants of DHX37 in four families: a previously reported pathogenic variant (c.923G>A, p.Arg308Gln) in three and a novel likely pathogenic variant (c.1882A>C, p.Thr628Pro) in one. The external genitalia of patients with the DHX37 variants varied from female-type to male-type without micropenis. Eighty percent of Japanese patients with TRS/PGD had monogenic disorders including DHX37 variant being the most commonly identified (40%). The external or internal genital phenotype of TRS/PGD overlaps between DHX37 variant carriers and others.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DHX37 variant is one of the common genetic causes in Japanese patients with TRS/PGD without Müllerian derivatives. Genetic test is helpful in detecting DHX37-related TRS/PGD because of the phenotypic diversity of the external genitalia in this disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":13025,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Research in Paediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"206-213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139740876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000542213","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13025,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Research in Paediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Use of Metyrapone Suppositories in an Infant with Neonatal Cushing and McCune Albright Syndrome: A Case Report.","authors":"Diana-Alexandra Ertl, Gerda Ratzinger-Stoeger, Adalbert Raimann, Maria Anzengruber, Katharina Skoll, Franz Gabor, Michaela F Hartmann, Stefan A Wudy, Gabriele Hartmann","doi":"10.1159/000535266","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535266","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Perinatal hypercorticism, regardless of its cause, has a high mortality or leads to life-long lasting complications. Some publications reported on the use of metyrapone in children with McCune Albright syndrome (MAS) and hypercorticism but also mentioned its poor tolerability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Case presentation: &lt;/strong&gt;We present the case of a toddler in whom we diagnosed MAS based on pseudo-precocious puberty and hypercorticism at the age of 10 months. In light of hepatopathy, we decided to start the off-label treatment with metyrapone. Being aware of the challenges of this treatment with the only available product (gelatine capsule containing liquid metyrapone) and reports on local irritation and significant side effects after the oral and intrarectal administration of liquid metyrapone, diluted or undiluted, we decided to use the rectal application as suppositories. We started with the dose of 300 mg/m2/day (one administration every 6 h), with the intention to \"block and replace,\" using repeated measurements of serum morning and 23:00 cortisol, salivary cortisol, and 24-h urine steroid profile. After just 2 weeks, we discharged our patient with normal cortisol levels, without additional hydrocortisone substitution and with a total metyrapone dose of 900 mg/m2/day. Lipid profile and arterial pressure normalized, while growth velocity improved progressively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;We present the first successful, long-term use of metyrapone as suppositories, with no adverse side effects and striking clinical and biochemical improvement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Perinatal hypercorticism, regardless of its cause, has a high mortality or leads to life-long lasting complications. Some publications reported on the use of metyrapone in children with McCune Albright syndrome (MAS) and hypercorticism but also mentioned its poor tolerability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Case presentation: &lt;/strong&gt;We present the case of a toddler in whom we diagnosed MAS based on pseudo-precocious puberty and hypercorticism at the age of 10 months. In light of hepatopathy, we decided to start the off-label treatment with metyrapone. Being aware of the challenges of this treatment with the only available product (gelatine capsule containing liquid metyrapone) and reports on local irritation and significant side effects after the oral and intrarectal administration of liquid metyrapone, diluted or undiluted, we decided to use the rectal application as suppositories. We started with the dose of 300 mg/m2/day (one administration every 6 h), with the intention to \"block and replace,\" using repeated measurements of serum morning and 23:00 cortisol, salivary cortisol, and 24-h urine steroid profile. After just 2 weeks, we discharged our patient with normal cortisol levels, without additional hydrocortisone substitution and with a total metyrapone dose of 900 mg/m2/day. Lipid profile and arterial pressure normalized, while growth veloci","PeriodicalId":13025,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Research in Paediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"103-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138440552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Puberty Today, Gone Tomorrow: Transient Refractory Central Precocious Puberty in a Toddler with End-Stage Kidney Disease.","authors":"Priyanka Bakhtiani, Rachana Srivastava, Mitchell E Geffner","doi":"10.1159/000536323","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The onset of puberty is typically delayed in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with only three reported cases of precocious puberty in boys with CKD.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a boy with end-stage kidney disease secondary to posterior urethral valves who, while undergoing peritoneal dialysis, presented at 17 months with central precocious puberty characterized by clinical signs of testicular and penile enlargement, pubic hair, and acne; rapid linear growth with advanced bone age; and pubertal luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels. Monthly leuprolide injections were commenced at 24 months with no pubertal or biochemical suppression thereafter, along with continued rapid bone-age advancement through 32 months. He then received a deceased-donor kidney transplant at 33 months of age, with good graft function. Within 2 months, he was noted to have prepubertal GnRH-stimulated LH and testosterone levels. Leuprolide injections were discontinued at that time with no further progression of puberty. The patient is now 48 months old with minimal further bone-age advancement and consistently prepubertal LH and testosterone levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our case demonstrates the development of precocious puberty due to premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, presumably secondary to uremia and/or disordered renal clearance of gonadotropins, which was refractory to standard management with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, perhaps due to excessively rapid removal by peritoneal dialysis and/or the uremic state itself. Kidney transplantation led to a correction of uremia and a return to the prepubertal state.</p>","PeriodicalId":13025,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Research in Paediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"109-115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invited Mini Review Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity: Overview and Practice Recommendations.","authors":"Monica Grover, Ambika P Ashraf, Sasigarn A Bowden, Andrew Calabria, Alicia Diaz-Thomas, Sowmya Krishnan, Jennifer L Miller, Marie-Eve Robinson, Linda A DiMeglio","doi":"10.1159/000536228","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) is defined by undermineralization of the preterm infant skeleton arising from inadequate prenatal and postnatal calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO4) accretion. Severe MBDP can be associated with rickets and fractures. Despite advances in neonatal nutrition, MBDP remains prevalent in premature infants due to inadequate mineral accretion ex utero. There also remain significant knowledge gaps regarding best practices for monitoring and treatment of MBDP among neonatologists and pediatric endocrinologists. Preventing and treating MBDP can prevent serious consequences including rickets or pathologic fractures. Postnatal monitoring to facilitate early recognition of MBDP is best done by first-tier laboratory screening by measuring serum Ca, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase to identify infants at risk. If these laboratories are abnormal, further studies including assessing parathyroid hormone and/or tubular resorption of PO4 can help differentiate between Ca and PO4 deficiency as primary etiologies to guide appropriate treatment with mineral supplements. Additional research into optimal mineral supplementation for the prevention and treatment of MBDP is needed to improve long-term bone health outcomes and provide a fuller evidence base for future treatment guidelines. Metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) is defined by undermineralization of the preterm infant skeleton arising from inadequate prenatal and postnatal calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO4) accretion. Severe MBDP can be associated with rickets and fractures. Despite advances in neonatal nutrition, MBDP remains prevalent in premature infants due to inadequate mineral accretion ex utero. There also remain significant knowledge gaps regarding best practices for monitoring and treatment of MBDP among neonatologists and pediatric endocrinologists. Preventing and treating MBDP can prevent serious consequences including rickets or pathologic fractures. Postnatal monitoring to facilitate early recognition of MBDP is best done by first-tier laboratory screening by measuring serum Ca, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase to identify infants at risk. If these laboratories are abnormal, further studies including assessing parathyroid hormone and/or tubular resorption of PO4 can help differentiate between Ca and PO4 deficiency as primary etiologies to guide appropriate treatment with mineral supplements. Additional research into optimal mineral supplementation for the prevention and treatment of MBDP is needed to improve long-term bone health outcomes and provide a fuller evidence base for future treatment guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":13025,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Research in Paediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"40-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139424651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Calcium Normal Range in 1,000 Term Newborns.","authors":"Lucie Levaillant, Agnès Linglart, Emmanuelle Letamendia, Claire Boithias, Samra Ouaras-Lounis, Patrice Thérond, Anne-Sophie Lambert, Mathieu Levaillant, Jean-Claude Souberbielle, Alexandra Benachi, Vincent Gajdos","doi":"10.1159/000534042","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Serum calcium rapidly declines at birth because of the sudden interruption of the maternal-fetal calcium influx. Several factors are known to influence serum calcium in the first days of life, including circulating concentrations of maternal vitamin D. Objective was to establish the normal range variations of neonatal serum calcium according to the current French vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy, i.e., 100,000 IU of cholecalciferol during the third trimester.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included in our prospective cohort study 1,002 mother-newborn dyads recruited from April 2012 to July 2014 in two centers located in the neighborhoods of Paris, France.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total serum calcium at 3 days of life in neonates varied from 2.06 mmol/L to 2.73 mmol/L [2.5 and 97.5 percentiles], with a mean of 2.45 mmol/L. Serum calcium was similar between babies born from vitamin D-supplemented mothers and those born from non-supplemented ones. In univariate and multivariable analyses, we demonstrated the importance of maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations for newborn serum calcium maintenance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We established that the expected serum calcium in neonates ranges between 2.06 mmol/L and 2.73 mmol/L which is significantly wider than the adult range. This finding should help physicians in the diagnosis of hypo- or hypercalcemia. In addition, our study supports the importance of vitamin D supplementation and 25(OH)D status for neonatal serum calcium maintenance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13025,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Research in Paediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"136-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140109931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycemic Variability and Time in Range Are Associated with the Risk of Overweight and High LDL-Cholesterol in Children and Youths with Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Claudia Piona, Marco Marigliano, Valentina Mancioppi, Enza Mozzillo, Luisa Occhiati, Angela Zanfardino, Dario Iafusco, Giulio Maltoni, Stefano Zucchini, Maurizio Delvecchio, Stefano Passanisi, Fortunato Lombardo, Claudio Maffeis","doi":"10.1159/000535554","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Reducing cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) exposure in children and youths with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is critical for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Long-term exposure to hyperglycemia, measured by HbA1c, had been recognized as the main factor affecting the CVRFs profile. To date, the possible association between short-term glycemic control and variability measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics and CVRFs has not been explored. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that CGM metrics independently contribute to CVRF exposure in children and youths with T1D.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>BMI, blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, and CGM data of 895 children and youths with T1D were analyzed. Binary multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to test independent associations between CVRFs (BMI >85th percentile, LDL-c>100 mg/dL, BP >90th percentile) and CGM metrics according to sex and adjusting for confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both sexes, metrics of hypoglycemia and glycemic variabilities (coefficient of variation [%CV]) positively correlated with BMI percentile. LDL-c positively correlated with mean glucose and metrics of hyperglycemia. A negative correlation was found between LDL-c and time in range (TIR). No significant correlations were found between CGM metrics and BP percentiles. In both sexes, TIR <70% was significantly associated with LDL-c>100 mg/dL (OR 3.2 in males, 2.1 in females). In females, CV >36% was significantly associated with overweight (OR 2.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CGM metrics of glycemic control and variability were significantly associated with the risk of overweight in females and high LDL-c in both sexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13025,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Research in Paediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138799317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}