Atoms for Peace: An International Journal最新文献_第2页

Using nuclear accelerator technology to make intense X-rays 利用核加速器技术制造强x射线

Atoms for Peace: An International Journal Pub Date : 2010-02-08 DOI: 10.1504/AFP.2010.031496

H. Winick

{"title":"Using nuclear accelerator technology to make intense X-rays","authors":"H. Winick","doi":"10.1504/AFP.2010.031496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/AFP.2010.031496","url":null,"abstract":"Electron accelerators, originally developed for nuclear and high energy physics research, have become by far the most intense infrared, ultraviolet and X-ray sources in the world. The increase in availability of these sources (there are now about 60 in operation around the world) has had a revolutionary effect on many branches of basic and applied research resulting in a major impact on science and society in developing countries as well as in technologically well-developed countries. Synchrotron radiation facilities in developing countries have produced hundreds of PhD students who did not have to leave their country, and they have attracted dozens of mid-career scientists to return to their country of origin, where they can continue to perform frontier research. In addition, scientists in these developing countries are able to use intense synchrotron radiation to address local environmental and biomedical issues and concerns. This paper presents: 1) a brief historical account of the development of synchrotron radiation sources from the first to the fourth generation; 2) a summary of the properties of synchrotron radiation; 3) an overview of synchrotron radiation facilities in developing countries; 4) a description of the UNESCO-sponsored Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME) project which is constructing a regional, international third-generation synchrotron radiation research centre in the Middle East in close analogy to CERN.","PeriodicalId":130250,"journal":{"name":"Atoms for Peace: An International Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116581921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sulphur removal from used automotive lubricating oil by ionising radiation 电离辐射法去除二手汽车润滑油中的硫

Atoms for Peace: An International Journal Pub Date : 2010-01-19 DOI: 10.1504/AFP.2010.031023

M. Scapin, C. Duarte, I. M. Sato

引用次数: 0

Hydroxyapatite labelled with yttrium-90 or lutetium 177 for radiation synovectomy 羟基磷灰石标记的钇-90或镥177放射滑膜切除术

Atoms for Peace: An International Journal Pub Date : 2010-01-19 DOI: 10.1504/AFP.2010.031017

Renata Martinussi Couto, Adriano Aparecido De Souza, R. Herrerias, E. Muramoto, J. Mengatti, M. Barboza, E. B. Araújo

{"title":"Hydroxyapatite labelled with yttrium-90 or lutetium 177 for radiation synovectomy","authors":"Renata Martinussi Couto, Adriano Aparecido De Souza, R. Herrerias, E. Muramoto, J. Mengatti, M. Barboza, E. B. Araújo","doi":"10.1504/AFP.2010.031017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/AFP.2010.031017","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation Synovectomy (radiosynovectomy, radiosynoviorthesis or RSV) is a method of treatment by intra-articular application of beta-emitting radioisotopes. There are several radionuclides available for this treatment and some radiopharmaceuticals have been shown to be effective and safe for this procedure. Hydroxyapatite (HA) particles are regarded as one of the most suitable carriers for applications in RSV, and labelling with 177Lu or 90Y has been investigated. Owing to their favourable decay characteristics, 177Lu Lu has been used in RSV of small-sized joints and 90Y has been the most useful radionuclide for applications in knee joints. The present work describes the preparation, labelling and quality control of HA using both radionuclides. The labelling yield is higher than 87.0%. The final product presents a radiochemical purity >98.9%, with the particle range >12 μm and a stability of 5 days at room temperature. A scintigraphic investigation by gamma camera was performed in rats to evaluate the extra-articular leakage from the knee. Both preparations appeared suitable for RSV with no extra-articular leakage and no acute complication in the clinical study using 90Y-HA.","PeriodicalId":130250,"journal":{"name":"Atoms for Peace: An International Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128826545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Radioecological evaluation (spatial and temporal variation) of the planktonic microorganisms in the Antas Reservoir, Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil 巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州卡尔达斯安塔斯水库浮游微生物的放射生态学评价(时空变化

Atoms for Peace: An International Journal Pub Date : 2010-01-19 DOI: 10.1504/AFP.2010.031020

L. B. Ronqui, H. Azevedo, M. Nascimento, J. F. Macacini, C. V. Roque, M. Seleghim

{"title":"Radioecological evaluation (spatial and temporal variation) of the planktonic microorganisms in the Antas Reservoir, Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil","authors":"L. B. Ronqui, H. Azevedo, M. Nascimento, J. F. Macacini, C. V. Roque, M. Seleghim","doi":"10.1504/AFP.2010.031020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/AFP.2010.031020","url":null,"abstract":"The Antas Reservoir (AR) receives treated effluents coming from the acid drainage of uranium ore from the Ore Treatment Unit?Brazilian Nuclear Industries (UTM-INB) plant located in Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This study was conducted in order to determine the possible radioecological impact caused by discharges of the treated liquid effluent from the UTM into the reservoir. Biological and physicochemical variables were evaluated in the present study. Sampling in the AR (Cab, P41, P14S and P14F points) took place during the dry winter (July 2006) and rainy summer seasons (February 2007). Each day, samples were collected four times (6:00 am, 12:00 noon, 6:00 pm and 12:00 midnight). The average trophic state index values obtained for samples in the dry and rainy periods allowed the areas to be classified as oligotrophic and mesotrophic, respectively. Chemical parameters indicated failures in the nuclear facility effluent treatment system, showing that effluents discharged at P41 do not agree with the standards that have been established by the Brazilian current legislation for Class II water. These results agreed with biological analyses, since P41 has the lowest density values for ciliated protozoa, indicating possible environmental impacts on the ecosystem due to the release of effluents by the mining company.","PeriodicalId":130250,"journal":{"name":"Atoms for Peace: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128333080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preliminary studies of EDDA-tricine-HYNIC-Tyr³-octreotide labelled with technetium-99m: radiopharmaceutical development for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumours 锝-99m标记edda -tricine- hyic - tyr³-奥曲肽的初步研究:诊断神经内分泌肿瘤的放射性药物开发

Atoms for Peace: An International Journal Pub Date : 2010-01-19 DOI: 10.1504/AFP.2010.031025

L. T. U. H. Melero, E. Muramoto, E. B. Araújo

引用次数: 0

210Pb geochronology of sediments from the Guama River and Guajara Bay in the Amazon region, Belem, Brazil 巴西贝伦亚马逊地区瓜马河和瓜哈拉湾沉积物的210Pb年代学

Atoms for Peace: An International Journal Pub Date : 2010-01-19 DOI: 10.1504/AFP.2010.031018

F. F. Dias, M. Taddei, S. M. Nascimento, J. Lafon

引用次数: 2

Development of sintered composites of CaSO4 doped with Dy and Nd 掺Dy、Nd CaSO4烧结复合材料的研究

Atoms for Peace: An International Journal Pub Date : 2010-01-19 DOI: 10.1504/AFP.2010.031016

M. A. P. Chagas, L. Parente, D. Souza

引用次数: 1

Residence time distribution in large industrial flotation cells 大型工业浮选池停留时间分布

Atoms for Peace: An International Journal Pub Date : 2010-01-19 DOI: 10.1504/AFP.2010.031015

F. Díaz, J. Yianatos

{"title":"Residence time distribution in large industrial flotation cells","authors":"F. Díaz, J. Yianatos","doi":"10.1504/AFP.2010.031015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/AFP.2010.031015","url":null,"abstract":"The radioactive tracer technique was used to measure the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) of the liquid and solid in a rougher flotation bank consisting of seven cells of a volume of 130 m³. Thus, a pneumatic system of high reliability was used in order to introduce a small amount of radioactive tracer (around 100 mL of liquid or pulp) at the feed pulp entrance. Then, the time response of the radioactive tracer was measured online along the flotation bank using noninvasive sensors located in the discharge pipe of each cell. Activity (cps) was measured by Saphymo Srat scintillating crystal sensors of NaI(Tl) of 1″ × 1.5″, thus allowing the simultaneous data acquisition of up to 12 control points with a minimum period of 50 ms. A solution of Br-82 was used as a liquid tracer, while mineral gangue was used as a solid nonfloatable tracer. The solid tracer was also tested at three size classes. An advantage of using the radioactive tracer technique is the direct testing of the actual solid particles (similar physical and chemical properties, shape, etc.). From a hydrodynamic point of view, the experimental data confirmed that single mechanical flotation cells of large size can deviate significantly from perfect mixing.","PeriodicalId":130250,"journal":{"name":"Atoms for Peace: An International Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114779070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Nuclear education and manpower development 核教育和人力发展

Atoms for Peace: An International Journal Pub Date : 2009-08-14 DOI: 10.1504/AFP.2009.027865

G. Bereznai

{"title":"Nuclear education and manpower development","authors":"G. Bereznai","doi":"10.1504/AFP.2009.027865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/AFP.2009.027865","url":null,"abstract":"The successful applications of nuclear technology in areas as diverse as research, healthcare, nondestructive examinations, agriculture and electrical power generation are all dependent on the expert human resources available to the country or region utilising this technology. The expertise needed to understand and safely employ nuclear energy includes skilled craftsmen, operators, technicians and technologists, engineers and scientists, managers and executives. Nuclear technology is complex, has unique safety and resource requirements, and represents a significant financial investment. To embark on a nuclear power programme and to successfully manage it, the governing bodies of the locality where the nuclear installation is to be located, as well as the country's government, must be active supporters of the related facilities. Furthermore, the country's government must put in place a regulatory system that is independent of the designers, owners and operators of the nuclear facilities, as well as systems that meet such international agreements as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The paper reviews Canadian and other international experience in providing the education and training needed for a country or region to successfully initiate and maintain the expert human resources complement in order to benefit from the peaceful uses of nuclear technology.","PeriodicalId":130250,"journal":{"name":"Atoms for Peace: An International Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122380981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The recent global concern and basic considerations for the entrance of developing countries to a nuclear power programme 最近全球对发展中国家参与核电方案的关注和基本考虑

Atoms for Peace: An International Journal Pub Date : 2009-08-14 DOI: 10.1504/AFP.2009.027871

M. Akbar

{"title":"The recent global concern and basic considerations for the entrance of developing countries to a nuclear power programme","authors":"M. Akbar","doi":"10.1504/AFP.2009.027871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/AFP.2009.027871","url":null,"abstract":"The global energy and environmental scenarios put pressures on many developing and developed countries to think and rethink for nuclear power in their overall energy supply mix. For developing countries like China and India, nuclear energy has become an inevitable energy option. Other developing countries like Bangladesh, Indonesia, Poland, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam are committed to introduce nuclear power by 2020 and more than 20 new countries in different regions plan to introduce nuclear after 2020. But, the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the USA has introduced a new dimension, the protection and security of nuclear power plants against terrorists to the axiology of nuclear energy, to realise the global circumstances, especially those concerned with global security. This new issue augments the existing concern over nuclear proliferation, the nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear spent fuel management and developing countries often encounter or may encounter a changed environment for the introduction of nuclear power plants for peaceful purposes. In this article, some socio-techno-political issues and necessary basic considerations at the initial planning phase for the entrance of developing countries that can create parity between the black-and-white dualism of nuclear energy are addressed.","PeriodicalId":130250,"journal":{"name":"Atoms for Peace: An International Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125837994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0