J. Buchner, Alexander Kuhne, Benny Antz, K. Roth, U. Wollschlager
{"title":"Observation of volumetric water content and reflector depth with multichannel ground-penetrating radar in an artificial sand volume","authors":"J. Buchner, Alexander Kuhne, Benny Antz, K. Roth, U. Wollschlager","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963910","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of the multichannel ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method introduced by [1] to simultaneously estimate reflector depth and average volumetric soil water content is tested on an artificial soil volume. The test site consists of several layers of sand which are partly water saturated. Volumetric water content and reflector depth deduced from the GPR measurements are compared with in situ measurements. It is shown that both reflector depth and volumetric water content can be reconstructed with an accuracy of about 0.1 m and 0.03 … 0.04, respectively. Possibilities for improving the multichannel GPR method are identified in terms of the employed ray path model and the measurement setup.","PeriodicalId":130006,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127987976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GPR clutter modeling taking into account soil heterogeneity","authors":"Kazunori Takahashi, J. Igel, H. Preetz","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963876","url":null,"abstract":"In small-scale measurements, a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is often used with a higher frequency to detect a small object or changes in the ground. GPR becomes more sensitive to the heterogeneity of soil when a higher frequency is used. Soil heterogeneity scatters electromagnetic waves and the scattered waves are observed as unwanted reflections that are often referred to as clutter. Data containing high amplitude clutter are difficult to analyze and interpret because clutter disturbs reflections from objects to be detected. Therefore, modeling GPR clutter is useful to assess the effectiveness of GPR measurements. The authors have developed and demonstrated such a technique with data acquired during an infiltration experiment. In this study, the technique was applied to GPR and time domain reflectometry (TDR) data repeatedly acquired on an outdoor test site for a few months. The modeling results using the TDR data are similar to the clutter power directly extracted from the GPR data. Therefore, the technique works although it requires some modifications for more accurate modeling.","PeriodicalId":130006,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125458407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Jin, Qian Song, Yun-fei Shi, Zhimin Zhou, B. Lu
{"title":"Ground penetrating SAR buried landmine focusing in ground-plane","authors":"T. Jin, Qian Song, Yun-fei Shi, Zhimin Zhou, B. Lu","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963907","url":null,"abstract":"Airborne or vehicle-borne Ground Penetrating Synthetic Aperture Radar (GPSAR) can image buried landmines from a safe standoff distance. Traditional image formation, for example, Back-Projection (BP), focuses the image in the slant-plane without considering the refraction of air-soil interface and soil dispersion effects on subsurface landmines. Furthermore, geometric correction has to be performed to map the image from the slant-plane onto the ground-plane to get the ground truth. In this paper, a modified BP, denoted as Ground-Plane BP (GPBP), and its associated post-filter are proposed to form the image directly in the ground-plane with refraction and dispersion effects compensation. The proposed GPBP and its post-filter compensation scheme are validated using real data collected by the Rail-GPSAR system in terms of azimuth resolution and locating accuracy.","PeriodicalId":130006,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121153622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recursive integration CFS-PML for GPR FDTD modelling","authors":"A. Giannopoulos","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963865","url":null,"abstract":"A novel implementation of a complex frequency shifted perfectly matched layer boundary condition is discussed. The application of this boundary condition for the truncation of finite difference time domain ground penetrating radar models is presented and the results are indicating that there is significant benefit in adopting this new formulation whenever possible in order to enhance the performance of the boundary condition and increase the accuracy of the simulations.","PeriodicalId":130006,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114442944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ferrara, P. M. Barone, S. Lauro, D. Capitani, V. Di Tullio, E. Mattei, N. Proietti, E. Pettinelli
{"title":"Integrated GPR and unilateral NMR approach to estimate water content in a porous material","authors":"C. Ferrara, P. M. Barone, S. Lauro, D. Capitani, V. Di Tullio, E. Mattei, N. Proietti, E. Pettinelli","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963912","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper we combined two different non-destructive techniques to detect the water content spatial variation in a porous material. The main goal of this work was to verify the ability of radar “early time” signals, using the proton density values measured with the unilateral NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) technique, in order to detect the spatial distribution of water in the subsurface of a concrete slab. This site was chosen because it was the best compromise between an uniform, porous and slow drainage material and the antenna-coupling, affected only by the surface permittivity variations due to the change in water content. The GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) survey has been conducted using a bistatic radar unit (Sensors & Software, Inc) operating at 1000 MHz; on the other hand, NMR data were collected using portable unilateral NMR operating at 16.3 MHz. The results obtained in this paper confirm that the “early time” radar signal and the NMR response can be applied to estimate some physical properties of both natural and man-made materials. In fact, the data show a matching pattern of the water distribution in the shallow part of the slab measured by GPR and NMR, and a very high correlation coefficient between the radar signal amplitude and the NMR signal integral. Finally, the results highlight the importance of this new combined approach to evaluate different physical parameters at the same time.","PeriodicalId":130006,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124189862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new single frequency multistatic microwave system to characterize the near-subsurface: First results in a controlled environment","authors":"C. Christelle, I. Issam, S. Soufiane, H. Hervé","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963842","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new microwave system dedicated to near sub-surface imaging. The originality lies in the use of a single frequency and a multistatic configuration. We also pre-process the measured fields with an efficient method which takes profit of the spectral bandwidth properties of the scattered field allowing the removal of the residual interface contribution. First results in a controlled environment are presented.","PeriodicalId":130006,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128322485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing uncertainties in determining GPR ground wave velocities: An approach based on spectral velocity analysis","authors":"G. Hamann, J. Tronicke","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963838","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a spectral velocity analysis approach to determine ground wave velocity from multi-offset or common midpoint (CMP) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data. Our method is based on the linear moveout equation of ground wave arrivals and uses the unnormalized crosscorrelation to measure the coherency of the waveforms across the data gather. Peaks in the resulting velocity spectra indicate optimum velocities of linear events present in the data. Thus, our method is conceptually similar to CMP velocity analysis of reflected events where velocity spectra are computed using different coherency measures along hyperbolic trajectories. Furthermore, we propose a simple method to estimate uncertainties of the determined velocities. The introduced measure of uncertainty is based on the width of the maxima in the calculated velocity spectrum. Using different synthetic data examples, we test our approach and evaluate the influence of the true subsurface velocity, the surveying geometry, and the signal frequency on the accuracy of ground wave velocity estimates. Furthermore, we demonstrate the impact of these uncertainties on soil water content derived from these velocity values.","PeriodicalId":130006,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133701182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High performance ground penetrating radar with up to 1 KM range on coal-mining area","authors":"I. Ibragimov, E. Ibragimova","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963843","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present our new technology called RADIANT (RADar Innovation Antenna Technology). It uses sparse tensor decomposition and inverse Maxwell solver for signal processing and highly powerful transmitter. It allows to see the profile of ground at a distance up to 1 km on coal-mine deposits and can be used in a number of industries such as oil exploration and extraction, archeology and paleontology, geo-investigation of deep layers of the Earth, geological survey, etc.","PeriodicalId":130006,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117196846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Klenk, J. Buchner, K. Roth, U. Wollschlager, Yanfang Qin, K. Zhou
{"title":"On the reliability of current GPR ground wave methods for determining near-surface water contents","authors":"P. Klenk, J. Buchner, K. Roth, U. Wollschlager, Yanfang Qin, K. Zhou","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963881","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the stability of the Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) ground wave signal and its applicability for measuring near-surface water contents along a 0.6 km long measurement line, crossing several vegetated sand dunes at a semi-desert site in Northwestern China. We find that the direct ground wave signal is a stable proxy for measuring near-surface soil moisture. However, the absolute water content may be difficult to establish without additional auxiliary information (e.g. through TDR point measurements). This is mainly due to limitations of the current feature-to-feature evaluation of the air- and ground wave wavelets.","PeriodicalId":130006,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115370841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Jadoon, F. André, J. van der Kruk, E. Slob, H. Vereecken, S. Lambot
{"title":"Ground-penetrating radar characterization of water as a function of frequency, salinity and temperature","authors":"K. Jadoon, F. André, J. van der Kruk, E. Slob, H. Vereecken, S. Lambot","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2011.5963839","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a laboratory experiment to test the ground penetrating radar (GPR) full-waveform forward and inverse modeling approach for electromagnetic wave propagation in water. The GPR system consisted of a vector network analyzer combined with an air-launched, 0.8–2.2 GHz horn antenna, thereby setting up an ultra wideband stepped-frequency continuous-wave radar. The apparent frequency-, salinity-, and temperature-dependent dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity of water were estimated by using existing electrical models. Using these models, the radar data could be simulated and a remarkable agreement was obtained with the laboratory measurements. Neglecting the frequency-, salinity-, and temperature-effects led to less satisfactory results, especially regarding signal amplitude. Inversion of the radar data permitted to reconstruct the air and water layer thicknesses, and to some extent, the water electrical properties. This analysis particularly showed the benefit of using proper water electrical models compared to commonly used simplified approaches in GPR forward and inverse modeling.","PeriodicalId":130006,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116220490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}