{"title":"Collaborative Virtual Environment standards: a performance evaluation","authors":"J. Oliveira, S. Shirmohammadi, N. Georganas","doi":"10.1109/DISRTA.1999.807721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DISRTA.1999.807721","url":null,"abstract":"Collaborative Virtual Environments are virtual reality spaces that enable participants to collaborate and share objects as if physically present in the same place. These collaboration spaces require strict performance characteristics. Today there are many systems developed specifically for collaboration, including DIVE, CALVIN, and COVEN. At the same time, some relatively new standards that address multiuser virtual environments and shared spaces have become available. In this paper, we evaluate available and emerging standards such us the High Level Architecture (HLA) and Open Community to determine if they appropriately address the needs of such environments.","PeriodicalId":129736,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Interactive Simulation and Real-Time Applications","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115642208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Object and ownership management in air traffic control simulations","authors":"F. Moradi, R. Ayani, Gary S. H. Tan","doi":"10.1109/DISRTA.1999.807724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DISRTA.1999.807724","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a distributed air traffic controller simulator to study High Level Architecture (HLA) and services that are provided by the Runtime Infrastructure (RTI), especially Object Management and Ownership Management. In our simulation model, each airport is represented by a federate and controls a set of aircraft. The control of the aircraft is transferred among airports as the aircraft fly to different airports. In this paper we discuss two different approaches that we have used to facilitate federates to exchange the ownership of aircraft attributes, the pull and the negotiated push method, and present a comparison of these methods. We also discuss several problems we encountered while implementing these mechanisms and our approach to resolve them. We have experienced that in scenarios like ours, the push method is much more efficient and accurate. We have also noticed some shortcoming in the current RTI interface specification, as discussed in the paper.","PeriodicalId":129736,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Interactive Simulation and Real-Time Applications","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127144821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reliable multicast network transport for distributed virtual simulation","authors":"J. Pullen","doi":"10.1109/DISRTA.1999.807726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DISRTA.1999.807726","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the need for reliable multicast (RM) network support for the class of distributed virtual simulations (DVS) that operate with human participants who experience a virtual representation in real time, for example DIS and real-time HLA federations. The need for RM in DVS is explained. The state of reliable multicast networking is explained and typical mechanisms for providing it are described. There is no general solution to RM; all existing RM protocols take advantage of some aspect of their application domain for successful function. Aspects of the DVS domain that lend themselves to providing RM are described, along with an approach to RM for DVS that has been prototyped successfully in the Selectively Reliable Transport Protocol (SRTP). The workings of SRTP are described, including its application to DIS and real-time HLA. SRTP enables efficient use of network-level multicast, and as such represents an advance over the multicast emulation that is used in the Run Time Infrastructure (RTI) created for the Synthetic Theater of War (STOW). In conclusion, ongoing work and potential future improvements to SRTP RM are described.","PeriodicalId":129736,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Interactive Simulation and Real-Time Applications","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116546682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agent-aided collaborative virtual environments over HLA/RTI","authors":"Xiaojun Shen, Ramsey Hage, N. Georganas","doi":"10.1109/DISRTA.1999.807734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DISRTA.1999.807734","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a collaborative virtual environment (CVE) system over the Internet. A Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) 97-based user interface is developed to permit users to navigate around the virtual world. Voice-enabled interactive agents provide a more natural interface to help users interact with each other and with the virtual world. Real-time interactions between entities in this environment are implemented over the run-time infrastructure (RTI) of the High Level Architecture (HLA). For this, a Java adapter is developed to ensure the inter-operations between the VRML environments and HLA/RTI. An application to e-commerce is highlighted.","PeriodicalId":129736,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Interactive Simulation and Real-Time Applications","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122056365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HLA support in a discrete event simulation language","authors":"C. Pham, R. Bagrodia","doi":"10.1109/DISRTA.1999.807730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DISRTA.1999.807730","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a growing interest in the HLA proposal as a common framework for real-time, distributed and interactive simulations. Although most of HLA compliant federates are for the moment developed with general purpose languages, the development of HLA federates with an existing simulation language would enable the rapid porting of a large number of existing simulations into the HLA framework. The difficulties of supporting the HLA features in a discrete event simulation language come from the different way the two approaches manage the simulation time and the interactions between objects in the simulation. This paper addresses these problems and uses the PARSEC discrete event simulation language as a test case.","PeriodicalId":129736,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Interactive Simulation and Real-Time Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116003377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}