Hepatoma Research最新文献

{"title":"Immunotherapy biomarkers for HCC: contemporary challenges and emerging opportunities.","authors":"Sandi Kwee, Xin Chen","doi":"10.20517/2394-5079.2022.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2022.58","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical management of advanced unresectable HCC has indelibly changed with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) antibody therapy. The CheckMate-040 multi-cohort trial first demonstrated the effectiveness of an anti-PD1 antibody (nivolumab) in patients with clinically advanced HCC previously treated with sorafenib, reporting an approximately 20% overall objective response rate in such patients [1] . Another anti-PD1 agent, pembrolizumab, demonstrated similar response rates in its phase 2 trial [2] , and both agents subsequently received accelerated regulatory approval for second-line systemic treatment of HCC. The CheckMate-040 trial later showed up to a 32% objective response rate in patients treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab (an antibody targeting CTLA-4), leading to approval of this combination regimen for second-line therapy [3] . With regards to first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic and/or unresectable HCC, the IMbrave150 phase 3 randomized trial associated the combination of bevacizumab plus atezolizumab (an anti-PD-L1 antibody) with improved overall survival over first-line sorafenib, with an objective response rate of 30% (95%CI: 25%–35%) and median duration of response of 18.1 months based on a recent extended efficacy and safety analysis of the trial [4] . Although remarkable for the setting of advanced HCC, these findings congruously show that most patients eligible to receive ICI therapy will not experience an objective benefit and that predictive biomarkers of treatment response will be necessary to optimize the risk-benefit ratio of immunotherapy treatment in this setting. Notable efforts had been made to identify predictive biomarkers within the cohorts of these and other HCC immunotherapy trials. In the Keynote-040 trial, tumor PD-L1","PeriodicalId":12959,"journal":{"name":"Hepatoma Research","volume":"8 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9480975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10451252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathology of hepatocellular carcinoma - when and what","authors":"D. Gisder, A. Tannapfel, I. Tischoff","doi":"10.20517/2394-5079.2021.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2021.106","url":null,"abstract":"When do you need to take biopsies of the liver, and what information will you get is the topic of this review on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). If, clinically, the differential diagnosis of HCC after imaging is suggested, a biopsy has become obligatory as a diagnostic confirmation of HCC in the non-cirrhotic liver prior to definitive therapeutic interventions, as well as in a palliative therapy concept. In the case of hepatic lesions with an uncharacteristic contrast uptake, a biopsy should be performed immediately to confirm the diagnosis of HCC. After diagnosing HCC, a treatment strategy is evaluated. Further, the biopsy, or in case of surgical treatment, the resected tissue, shows us the different subtypes of HCC, with the steatohepatitic subtype being the most common and the lymphocyte-rich subtype being the least common. Further, the histological grade of HCC is determined according to the grading system of the WHO or the Edmonson and Steiner System. Through biopsies, HCC can be differentiated from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma or metastases of other malignant tumors, especially metastases of the gastrointestinal tract. In summary, biopsies are fundamental in the diagnosis of HCC.","PeriodicalId":12959,"journal":{"name":"Hepatoma Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67653303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Y-90 radioembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"A. Woerner, G. Johnson","doi":"10.20517/2394-5079.2021.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2021.122","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatocellular carcinoma remains a prominent cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Transarterial yttrium-90 radioembolization is a versatile therapy and plays an important role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. This review summarizes the establishment of radioembolization in the hepatocellular carcinoma treatment paradigm, treatment considerations across cancer stages, and recent advances in evidence.","PeriodicalId":12959,"journal":{"name":"Hepatoma Research","volume":"31 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67653485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promise and pitfalls of new viral biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma risk prediction in patients with chronic hepatitis B","authors":"K. Zhou, N. Terrault","doi":"10.20517/2394-5079.2022.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2022.06","url":null,"abstract":"© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.","PeriodicalId":12959,"journal":{"name":"Hepatoma Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67653862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of human leukocyte antigen-DR-DQ-DP haplotypes with the risk of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"Yifan Chen, Jiansheng Lin, Yang Deng, Wenbin Liu, Zishuai Li, Xinyu Zhou, Shiliang Cai, R. Pu, Jianhua Yin, X. Tan, Jun Zhao, Xue Han, G. Cao","doi":"10.20517/2394-5079.2021.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2021.133","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Genetic polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules are associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We aimed to investigate the impacts of HLA-II haplotypes on viral evolution and the risks of HBV-caused liver diseases. Methods: HLA-DR-DQ-DP haplotypes were estimated in 1210 healthy controls, 296 HBV clearance subjects, 301 asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers, 770 chronic hepatitis B patients, 443 HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, and 1037 HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. HBV mutations were determined by sequencing. The associations of HLA-DR-DQ-DP haplotypes with viral mutations and the risks of liver diseases were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Results: Compared to HBV-free subjects, the haplotypes CCAACG, CCGACG, TCAATA, and TCGATA were associated with decreased HCC risk, with an odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 0.62 (0.40-0.95), 0.60 (0.39-0.92), 0.73 (0.54-0.98), and 0.58 (0.42-0.78), respectively. CCAACG, CCGACG, and TCAATA were significantly associated with decreased frequencies of the HCC-risk HBV mutations: preS1 deletion, APOBEC-signature HBV mutations in the core promoter and preS regions, A51C/T, G104C/T, and G146C/T. TCGATA and TTAACG were associated with increased LC risk, with an OR (95%CI) of 1.54 (1.03-2.30) and 2.23 (1.50-3.33), respectively. However, TCGATA and TTAACG were not consistently associated with the cirrhosis-risk HBV mutations. Conclusion: CCAACG, CCGACG, and TCAATA are inversely associated with HCC risk, possibly because they are involved in creating an immune microenvironment attenuating the generation of HCC-risk HBV mutations. TCGATA and TTAACG might predispose the polarity of immunity towards Th17 isotype related to LC.","PeriodicalId":12959,"journal":{"name":"Hepatoma Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67653647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of DEM-TACE performed with drug-eluting microspheres smaller than 300 μm in patients with HCC and TIPS","authors":"P. Lucatelli, Simone Zilahi De Gyurgyokai, G. De Rubeis, R. Argirò, Simone Ciaglia, B. Rocco, F. Ferri, S. Parisse, M. Forlino, A. Cannavale, F. Basilico, P. Nardis, M. Corona, V. Cantisani, C. Catalano","doi":"10.20517/2394-5079.2021.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2021.143","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Safety and efficacy evidence of drug-eluting-microspheres trans-arterial chemoembolization (DEM-TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and trans-jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is lacking. The aim of this retrospective study was to report the safety and efficacy of DEM-TACE procedures performed with microspheres smaller than 300 μm in patients with HCC and TIPS in a high-volume transplant center. Methods: Embolization was standardized by initiating DEM-TACE with microspheres smaller than 100 μm, and if stasis was not achieved, adjunctive embolization with 100-300 or 200 μm microspheres was administered. With regards to efficacy, the oncological response was evaluated and categorized according to mRECIST criteria at 1, 3-6, 9-12, and 15-18 months. Reporting the safety profile, detailed laboratory analysis was performed before, at 36-48 h, and 30-60 days after the procedure. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded; post-embolic syndrome was defined as the onset of fever/nausea/pain after the procedure. Late onset hepatobiliary complications were evaluated by follow-up imaging with computed tomography or magnetic resonance (CT/MR). Results: From December 2007 to November 2020, 17 HCC patients (25 HCC nodules) with patent TIPS underwent 20 DEM-TACE. Embolization was performed only with microspheres smaller than 100 μm in 3/20 DEM-TACE (15%); adjunctive embolization with 100-300 or 200 μm microspheres was required in 17/20 DEM-TACE (85%). Reported early AEs were post-embolic syndrome (9/20; 45%) all of grade 1-2, late AEs were asymptomatic acute liver bile duct injury (2/20; 10%), and in one case we observed hepatic abscess (1/20; 5%) resulting in death due to sepsis. With regards to efficacy, the oncological response was evaluated and categorized according to mRECIST criteria. Complete response (CR) at 1, 3-6, 9-12, and 15-18 months was 52%, 50%, 50%, and 50%, respectively. Objective response (CR + partial response) at 1, 3-6, 9-12, and 15-18 months was 95%, 71%, 70%, and 50%, respectively. Conclusion: DEM-TACE with drug-eluting-microspheres smaller than 300 μm can be performed in appropriately selected patients with TIPS.","PeriodicalId":12959,"journal":{"name":"Hepatoma Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67653835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of HCC","authors":"G. Cassese, Ho-Seong Han, Boram Lee, Hae Won Lee, J. Cho, R. Troisi","doi":"10.20517/2394-5079.2022.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2022.14","url":null,"abstract":"Liver surgery is the first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Minimally invasive liver resection (MILS) has become an attractive option thanks to reduced intraoperative blood losses, shortened length of hospital stay, and similar oncological outcomes when compared to open liver resection. Nonetheless, the safety of MILS is still debated in challenging situations, such as in cirrhotic patients, difficult tumor locations, multiple or large tumors, and repeat resection. The aim of this review is to discuss current indications of laparoscopic liver resection for HCC treatment in the light of its outcomes, focusing on technical aspects of minimally invasive anatomic liver resection and state of the art of MILS in challenging situations.","PeriodicalId":12959,"journal":{"name":"Hepatoma Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67653946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: current practice and future directions.","authors":"Joseph C Ahn, Yi-Te Lee, Vatche G Agopian, Yazhen Zhu, Sungyong You, Hsian-Rong Tseng, Ju Dong Yang","doi":"10.20517/2394-5079.2021.131","DOIUrl":"10.20517/2394-5079.2021.131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the leading causes of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Surveillance of individuals with cirrhosis or other conditions that confer a high risk of HCC development is essential for early detection and improved overall survival. Biannual ultrasonography with or without alpha-fetoprotein is widely recommended as the standard method for HCC surveillance, but it has limited sensitivity in early disease and may be inadequate in certain individuals. This review article will provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of HCC surveillance, including the rationale and indications for HCC surveillance, standard methods for HCC surveillance, and their strengths/limitations. Alternative surveillance methods such as the role of cross-sectional imaging, emerging circulating biomarkers, as well as the problem of under-utilization of HCC surveillance and surveillance-related harms will also be discussed in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":12959,"journal":{"name":"Hepatoma Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9499372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33485858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor microenvironment and immunology of cholangiocarcinoma.","authors":"Massimiliano Cadamuro, Luca Fabris, Xuchen Zhang, Mario Strazzabosco","doi":"10.20517/2394-5079.2021.140","DOIUrl":"10.20517/2394-5079.2021.140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), an aggressive tumor originating from both intra- and extra-hepatic biliary cells, represents an unmet need in liver oncology, as treatment remains largely unsatisfactory. A typical feature of CCA is the presence of a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) composed of neoplastic cells, a rich inflammatory infiltrate, and cancer-associated fibroblasts and desmoplastic matrix that makes it extremely chemoresistant to traditional chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we describe the cell populations within the TME, in particular those involved in the innate and adaptive immune response and how they interact with tumor cells and with matrix proteins. The TME is crucial for CCA to mount an immune escape response and is the battlefield where molecularly targeted therapies and immune therapy, particularly in combination, may actually prove their therapeutic value.</p>","PeriodicalId":12959,"journal":{"name":"Hepatoma Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11412615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67653830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus coinfection in Africa: a focus on surveillance.","authors":"Qian Wan,&nbsp;Chimaobi Anugwom,&nbsp;Hailemichael Desalegn,&nbsp;Jose D Debes","doi":"10.20517/2394-5079.2022.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2022.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis-B virus (HBV) infections are weighty public health challenges, especially in the African continent. The direct carcinogenic effect of HBV means that it remains a potent cause of early-onset hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where it causes significant morbidity and mortality. The presence of HIV infection in HBV-infected patients poses a complicating factor, as coinfection has been shown to hasten the progression of liver disease to cirrhosis and HCC, and often resulting in early-age hepatocarcinogenesis with consequent late diagnosis and lower survival. In this review, we discuss this unique conundrum, the epidemiology of HIV-HBV coinfection in SSA, its effect on liver disease and development of HCC, as well as practices and barriers to HCC surveillance in this distinct population. We propose a way forward to curb this considerable health burden focusing on reduction of disease stigma, the need for easy-to-measure biomarkers, and implementation of large prospective studies in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12959,"journal":{"name":"Hepatoma Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9583937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40582987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}