Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies最新文献

{"title":"The Trauma of Chechen Refugee Women Living in Turkey: Meaning-Making and Coping Strategies","authors":"Hatice Ekici","doi":"10.12738/mejrs.2018.3.2.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12738/mejrs.2018.3.2.0044","url":null,"abstract":"Received: April 29, 2018 Accepted: June 12, 2018 Online First: July 1, 2018 Copyright © 2018  The International Refugee Rights Association  http://mejrs.com/en ISSN 2149-4398  eISSN 2458-8962 DOI DOI: 10.12738/mejrs.2018.3.2.0044  Summer 2018  3(2)  145-170 * This paper is based on my master thesis which is submitted to the Graduate School of Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Conflict Analysis and Resolution, January, 2014. a () Hatice Ekici (PhD Candidate), Department of Social Psychology, İstanbul University, Fatih, İstanbul 34660 Turkey. Email: haticeozen11@gmail.com Abstract This research aims to explore how Chechen refugee women living in Turkey who have lived through the distress of war and traumatic loss in particular make sense of their experience. More specifically, it examines these women’s meaning-making and coping strategies. The semi-structured interviews with 13 Chechen refugee women have provided the main data of this research. Interpretive phenomenological analysis has been used to analyze the data. The analysis of the accounts shows Chechen women to have become vulnerable and distressed. In response to the traumatic experiences of war, they have deepened their religious beliefs, as these beliefs provide resources for dealing with their traumatic memories. In consideration of the meaning-making and coping strategies of the Chechen women in this study, 10 recurrent themes have been found: increased religious service, submitting to the will of God, Alhamdulillah, theological explanations for the causes of war, depersonalizing traumatic experiences, what qualifies one as a martyr, the expected benefits of martyrdom, earning the honor of this martyrdom, idealizing the martyr, and a narrative of obliged happiness. All coping strategies except the narrative of obliged happiness have been found as important resources for coping and resilience for Chechen women. The narrative of obligatory happiness, however appears to interfere with these women’s healing processes.","PeriodicalId":129565,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132758754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Migration Profile of Women Labor Turned Toward Turkey in the Post-Soviet Period: The Example of Female Sales Representatives in the Textile Sector in Kumkapı","authors":"Hilâl Çakmak, Irmak Yaman","doi":"10.12738/MEJRS.2018.3.2.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12738/MEJRS.2018.3.2.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Following the independence of countries from the USSR at the beginning of the 1990s, intense immigrations from these countries beyond their borders were experienced for reasons such as the extreme poverty, declining wages, and political instability that emerged there. In these migrations, which are known as postSoviet migrations, Turkey became an important target country for immigrants due to reasons like its demand for an actual work force, flexible visa applications, and geographical proximity. This study addresses the positions of female migrants originally from the former Soviet Union who work in Istanbul’s textile sector in Kumkapı. The scope of the research aims to examine these female migrants’ issues, such as the processes in choosing migration, the economic and social reasons for immigrating, work conditions, the support they provide to the family economy, evaluating the types of free time and locales, their inclination to go back, plans for the future, and their relationships with Kumkapı, which is an important center on labor market participation. In-depth interviews have been performed with six female immigrants in this qualitative study realized in Kumkapı. The participants generally see demand in the labor market for reasons such as their provision of low-labor force in particular, they are educated and relatively qualified, many work illegally, and they reduce many employer expenses. The migrant women, who can be evaluated as the faded unseen faces of the city and the economy, are observed to work regularly or irregularly in not only the textile sector but also in home, maintenance, and office services, as well as to not work in jobs that are inimical to their social capital; the greatest sources of motivation in the migration processes is observed to be intermediaries.","PeriodicalId":129565,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124482616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State Security and Refugees: Operationalizing the “Ladder of Options” by the Government of Lebanon","authors":"G. Hourani","doi":"10.12738/MEJRS.2018.3.2.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12738/MEJRS.2018.3.2.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to contribute to the debate around the study of refugees and the security implications involving “refugee militants/terrorists.” It situates the debate within the context of Syrian refugees who have been radicalized or have voluntarily or involuntarily joined militant groups and Lebanon’s subsequent response policy as a host country. It tries to identify the various measures employed by the Government of Lebanon through the operationalization of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees “Ladder of Options” in managing security related issues involving Syrian refugees-turned-terrorists. It intends to (i) raise awareness of the impact of terrorism on host countries and their dilemmas in reconciling refugee rights and counterterrorism for security reasons; and (ii) illustrate specific policies and interventions made by Lebanon in this regard; and (iii) call for further studies on the subject in Middle Eastern countries grappling with internal political challenges at the same time as they are experiencing the huge burden of many refugees. The research suggests that Lebanon needs to address the issue of radicalization in a more comprehensive manner and that scholars need to re-examine the “Ladder of Options” in light of Levantine host States’ experiences and to develop a ladder of options framework for combating terrorism in post-emergency refugee settlements to safeguard State sovereignty, international security and refugee protection.","PeriodicalId":129565,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131241782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syrians in Turkey under Temporary Protection: From Guest Status to Citizenship","authors":"A. Koyuncu","doi":"10.12738/mejrs.2018.3.2.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12738/mejrs.2018.3.2.0009","url":null,"abstract":"a (*) Ahmet Koyuncu (PhD), Department of Sociology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya 42090 Turkey. Email: koyuncuahmet42@gmail.com Abstract Beginning in the wake of the Arab Spring that occurred in 2010, 3,070,000 Syrians have taken refuge in Turkey following the war and conflicts experienced in the region that is Syria. The country of Turkey, which as of today has four million people in different statuses like immigrant, asylum seeker, refugee, and temporary protection/guest who have become homeowners, hosts the most “asylum seekers” in the world at the same time. Temporary protection status, as an exceptional procedure under international law, has been provided to Syrian citizens taking refuge in Turkey. In other words, every need of theirs is accepted in the position of “guest” in the sense of being met by the state, because the temporary protection status assumes the victims of the Syrian war will return to their homes with the war’s end. However, the war in Syria has not yet come to an end, nor does its finish seem possible in the short term with current conditions. This situation reveals the temporary protection status to be non-sustainable. While on one side debates lead on related to the problems arising from temporary protection status in this process, on the other, debates related to granting citizenship to Syrians residing in Turkey who add value to the country have gained speed. However, the most neglected point in this process is perhaps “What do we think about the issue of giving Syrian individuals citizenship?” In this context our study is focused on the debates of citizenship from the eye of Syrians. How Syrians in Turkey evaluate the debates on citizenship and their convictions related to citizenship have been discussed from an analytical perspective with motion from qualitative research data conducted over 125 Syrians with different socio-economic levels from January to May 2017.","PeriodicalId":129565,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116007505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haydarabad Oturumu-2017 Nihai 16. Komisyon 9 Eylül 2017 Kitlesel Göçler (On Altıncı Komisyon)","authors":"Hasan Basri Bülbül, M. Aydoğan","doi":"10.12738/MEJRS.2018.3.2.0100R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12738/MEJRS.2018.3.2.0100R","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129565,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125538454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refugee Routes to Istanbul and the Dynamics of Labor Market Participation: The Case of Syrians in Comparison to Non-Syrians","authors":"Ulaş Sunata, E. Yıldız, Ezgi Araç","doi":"10.12738/MEJRS.2018.3.2.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12738/MEJRS.2018.3.2.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Turkey as a country has been hosting the most refugees in the world since 2015. Although it has experienced distinctive immigration in past years, the Syrian refugee flow has increased in significance in terms of quantity and quality, with the number now expressed in millions. Thus the aim of this study is to display the similarities and differences of Syrians’ migration and integration processes in comparison to other forced migrants. To reach this aim, 32 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted in Istanbul, the city that has received the most migrants. We have studied refugees’ routes and their social networks using content analysis. Kunz’s models are confirmed with our sample by analyzing arrival paths to Istanbul and a typology for Syrians in this context is developed. Then, the study reveals no family network among non-Syrians migrants’ settlements, even though migration is a family decision for Syrians. Moreover, having relatives is seen as an opportunity to build networks and to get a job in order to become involved in their new environment, with Istanbul set as the destination. In addition, labor market participation has been identified as the primary subject for evaluating the integration process. Relations with employer and work-related problems are significant parts of the integration phase and challenging for both groups. Furthermore, informal work conditions have resulted in not only discrimination but also problems such as wage payment issues, skill mismatching, child labor, and more importantly work accidents.","PeriodicalId":129565,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129632278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}