难民前往伊斯坦布尔的路线和劳动力市场参与的动态:叙利亚人与非叙利亚人的比较

Ulaş Sunata, E. Yıldız, Ezgi Araç
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引用次数: 1

摘要

自2015年以来,土耳其一直是世界上接收难民最多的国家。尽管在过去的几年里,叙利亚的移民人数有所不同,但从数量和质量上看,叙利亚难民的数量都有所增加,现在以数百万计。因此,本研究的目的是显示与其他被迫移民相比,叙利亚移民和融合过程的异同。为了实现这一目标,我们在接收移民最多的城市伊斯坦布尔进行了32次深入的半结构化访谈。我们利用内容分析研究了难民的路线和他们的社交网络。通过分析到达伊斯坦布尔的路径,我们的样本证实了Kunz的模型,并在此背景下开发了叙利亚人的类型学。此外,该研究显示,尽管移民是叙利亚人的家庭决定,但在非叙利亚移民的定居点中没有家庭网络。此外,有亲戚被视为建立网络和找到工作的机会,以便融入以伊斯坦布尔为目的地的新环境。此外,劳动力市场参与已被确定为评估一体化进程的主要主题。与雇主的关系和与工作有关的问题是整合阶段的重要组成部分,对两个群体都具有挑战性。此外,非正式的工作条件不仅造成歧视,还造成诸如工资支付问题、技能不匹配、童工以及更重要的工伤事故等问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Refugee Routes to Istanbul and the Dynamics of Labor Market Participation: The Case of Syrians in Comparison to Non-Syrians
Turkey as a country has been hosting the most refugees in the world since 2015. Although it has experienced distinctive immigration in past years, the Syrian refugee flow has increased in significance in terms of quantity and quality, with the number now expressed in millions. Thus the aim of this study is to display the similarities and differences of Syrians’ migration and integration processes in comparison to other forced migrants. To reach this aim, 32 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted in Istanbul, the city that has received the most migrants. We have studied refugees’ routes and their social networks using content analysis. Kunz’s models are confirmed with our sample by analyzing arrival paths to Istanbul and a typology for Syrians in this context is developed. Then, the study reveals no family network among non-Syrians migrants’ settlements, even though migration is a family decision for Syrians. Moreover, having relatives is seen as an opportunity to build networks and to get a job in order to become involved in their new environment, with Istanbul set as the destination. In addition, labor market participation has been identified as the primary subject for evaluating the integration process. Relations with employer and work-related problems are significant parts of the integration phase and challenging for both groups. Furthermore, informal work conditions have resulted in not only discrimination but also problems such as wage payment issues, skill mismatching, child labor, and more importantly work accidents.
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