Nepal Journal of Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Implementation of National Science Technology and Innovation Policy 2019: Assessment of Challenges in Government Organizations of Nepal","authors":"R. Poudel","doi":"10.3126/njst.v20i2.45779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i2.45779","url":null,"abstract":"Government of Nepal promulgated the third policy on science and technology including innovation in 2019 (NSTIP-2019). This policy being aligned with the federal and provincial governance system has given stronger emphasis on innovation and entrepreneurship for economic development. Online questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the status and capabilities of governmental research organizations and universities because they are in the forefront in executing action plans formulated in NSTIP-2019. An encouraging response from a total of 36 respondents representing 17 organizations was received. All respondents have reported the poor infrastructure and lack of budget for research activities in their respective organization. Low productivities of research institutes and academia were attributed to erroneous understanding existing in policy makers and underdeveloped research culture prevalent in research and academic institutions including limitations in governments’ system of budget al.. location, leader/staff recruitment and procurement of necessary research materials. Based on the information and suggestions provided by a wide range of expertise in survey respondents, this paper identifies enablers of positive research and innovation culture in Nepalese perspectives. Key attributes of ‘sound research and innovation ecosystem’ discussed here are most likely to guide implementation process of NSTIP-2019 with higher levels of confidence and effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123863044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Impact of Meteorological Parameters on Atmospheric Transmittance of Solar Radiation over Jumla","authors":"P. M. Shrestha, N. Chapagain, I. B. Karki, K. Poudyal","doi":"10.3126/njst.v20i1.43360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i1.43360","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the variation of atmospheric transmittance with meteorological parameters over Jumla (Lat.29.28° N, Long.:82.16° E and Alt.: 2300 m above sea level) from2011 to 2013 (three years) by using CMP6 pyranometer and satellite data. The trends of monthly and seasonal variations of atmospheric transmittance, solar insolation and clearness index have been analyzed. The result exemplifies that during the study period, average value of global solar radiation, solar insolation and clearness index are 19.26 ±3.88 MJ/m2/day , 4.95 ± 1.14 kWh/m2/day and 0.59 ±0.12 respectively. The average value of atmospheric transmittance during the whole study period is 0.60 ± 0.11. The average value of atmospheric transmittance of ozone, Rayleigh scattering, gas mixture, water vapor and aerosol are 0.9830 ±0.0007, 0.8999 ±0.0178, 0.9875 ± 0.0007, 0.8839 ±0.0101 and 0.7836 ±0.0909 respectively. There is positive correlation of relative sunshine hour and negative correlation of rain fall with atmospheric transmittance. Result of this research work is beneficial for the further analysis of solar radiation at different places improving life of flora and fauna and protecting the whole environment.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121338367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Euphorbia hirta L. a new host record of Oidium species from Nepal","authors":"M. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/njst.v20i1.43359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i1.43359","url":null,"abstract":"Euphorbia hirta L. which was found parasitized by the Oidium species (imperfect stage of Erysiphales), on the leaves, is considered as a new host record for the fungus. It was collected in the promises of Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Khumaltar, Nepal. The description of the fungus and distribution is provided here with.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124996598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of Stage-structured population growth of Myzus persicae (Suzler) (Hemiptera: Aphididade) based on age-stage, two sex life table","authors":"Sabitri Baral, R. Thapa, R. K. Jha, Samudra Lal Joshi, S. Aryal","doi":"10.3126/njst.v20i1.43353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i1.43353","url":null,"abstract":"The age-stage specific growth rate and fecundity of Myzus persicae obtained from an age-stage, two-sex life table analysis were used to simulate the growth of stage-structured population under two scenario of initial population structure for five temperature regimes. The first scenario was started with a newly born nymph and the second scenario was started with the youngest female. In both scenario, the population growth increased with shorter life cycle in the respective order: 17°C < 20°C < 23°C < 26°C < 29°C. In this study, computer simulation based on the agestage, two sex life table demonstrate it’s advantages for revealing stage-structured population growth. Information on the growth of a stage-structured population is critical for deciding the timing of intervention in integrated pest management approach.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124996621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecosociocentrism: The Earth First Paradigm for Environmental Sustainability and Sustainable Development","authors":"G. Upreti","doi":"10.3126/njst.v20i2.45771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i2.45771","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental destruction and degradation that have occurred on planet Earth can be attributed largely to the current neo-liberal economic development paradigm, that considers Nature as simply the resource to be extracted and processed for human consumption and material growth. This paradigm does not consider the intrinsic values in Nature, including the values of life support-services, and goods of the natural ecosystem in the economic valuation system, and therefore, maintaining a healthy, productive, and resilient natural ecosystem becomes simply outside its analytical framework. The most important question that needs to be embedded into any development model is the question of values. If the assumptions of the current economic development model are not restructured and the ecological facts and values are not integrated into economic development model, humanity will inevitably face existential crisis on planet Earth. The scientific epistemology that embodies ecological principle of diversity, ecosystem resilience, interconnectedness, self-organizing complexity, and life sustaining environmental services provides the basis for building social and environmental sustainability. This necessitates the need for the integration of environmental ethics into development framework that can provide the guiding principle for human behavioral conduct. It is argued here that there is a need for a pragmatic environmental ethical paradigm that can integrate both the instrumental and intrinsic values in Nature and promote sustainable development that can lay the foundation for eco-civilization. Recognizing our fundamental interconnectedness with other life forms, self-organizing complexity of the living system and the interdependent nature of our existence, it behooves that development be pursued with a pragmatic environmental ethics that recognizes both the instrumental and intrinsic values in sociosphere (society) and ecosphere (nature). Ecosociocentrism, the proposed ethical framework, recognizes instrumental and intrinsic values in ecosphere and sociosphere. Ecosociocentrism envisages to integrate these values prevalent in ecosphere and sociosphere. Ecosociocentrism claims to provide a pragmatic environmental and development ethical framework for human behavioral conduct to live sustainably in good stewardship with Planet Earth, thus, paving the way to a new era of ecocivilization.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128202944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Fixed Point Results for Two Pairs of Mappings on Integral and Rational Settings","authors":"D. Panthi","doi":"10.3126/njst.v20i1.43346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i1.43346","url":null,"abstract":" In 2000, P. Hitzler and A.K. Seda (Hitzeler & Seda 2000) obtained a very important generalization of topology which they named as dislocated topology. The corresponding generalized notion of metric obtained from dislocated topology was named as dislocated metric.The fixed point theorem for a single map satisfying contractive condition of integral type with a summable Lebesgue integrable mapping in complete metric space was first time estabished by Branciari (Branciari 2002) in the year 2002. B. E. Rhoades (Rhoades 2003) further extended the theorem of Branciari (Branciari 2002) with a most general contractive condition. Extensions and generalizations for rational and integral type mapping in various spaces can be seen in the literature of fixed point theory. This article establishes some common fixed point results satisfying integral and rational type contractive conditions with common limit range property for two pairs of maps in dislocated metric space. We have established common fixed point result in dislocated metric space with compatible and reciprocal continuity of mappings.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114626167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Two Worlds of Palliative Care: Bridging the Gap with Nepal","authors":"S. Sutcliffe, Puneet Bains, Fraser Black, Sandra Broughton, Stuart Brown, Simon Colgan, M. Doherty, Gillian Fyles, R. Love, G. Palat, B. Paudel, Charles Russell, Leslie Sundby, M. Watson","doi":"10.3126/njst.v20i2.45802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i2.45802","url":null,"abstract":"Despite past geo-political turbulence, Nepal has made significant progress in societal and economic initiatives, particularly in relation to social determinants of health. These improvements, however, belie the suffering of those with life-limiting disease due to pain, stigma, social and financial distress, consequent upon low patient, caregiver and health professional awareness of the need for, and availability of, appropriate care and support. Two Worlds Cancer Collaboration (INCTR-Canada) has been working with partners in Nepal to build capacity for palliative care by: (a) organizational and administrative support – establishing the Nepal Association of Palliative Care (NAPCare), and the creation of the Nepal Strategy for Palliative Care, approved by government in 2017; (b) “twinning” between 2 hospital palliative care units in Nepal and the Nanaimo Hospice and Victoria Hospice, BC, Canada; (c) sustainable growth of palliative care according to WHO foundational measures, implementing facility-based clinical programs, and home-based care aligned with the cultural, social, and economic environment of Nepal; (d) training of health professionals in adult and paediatricpalliative carethrough interactive on-line “distance learning” (Extension of Community Healthcare Outcomes, ECHO);(e) leveraging palliative care training and expertise across the government health system, and (f) local and international support to build a newfacility for Hospice Nepal to provide more support for more patients in a rural ambience on the outskirts of Kathmandu. Palliative care needs to become standard-of-care, providing peace, comfort and dignity for adults and children. Working collaboratively with partners in Nepal, the collective vision is a capable professional Nepali community leading palliative care services for all in need, wherever in need.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122577820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biobriquetting Experience of Nepal and Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)","authors":"R. Singh","doi":"10.3126/njst.v20i1.43352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i1.43352","url":null,"abstract":"Animal dung briquettes are widely used in rural Nepal as they are cheap, easy to make and based on local materials. But their combustion and use, have negative impact on the health of women and children. Likewise, fuelwood is also still widely used for cooking and heating, causing adverse impact on forest conservation, environment and climate change. Search for alternatives to dung and fuelwood is a continuous process andfuel briquettes based on agro-forest waste is an attractive option. NAST, since its inception in 1982, has been continuously working in this area, introducing different technologies through many projects. It extended R&D and financial support to different individuals and industries working on biobriquetting. It was able to establish a biomass laboratory and Briquette Training Centre with workshop facilities to extend R&D and pedagogic support to university, college students and private sector. Many trainings were conducted under the Biovillage program and different projects. NAST even deputed its staff as JICA expert on biomass briquetting, brought teachers and engineers from Rwanda to be trained in NAST briquette training center. Many projects on briquetting were accomplished making NAST a credible institution in the area of biobriquetting","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125249261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19, A Complex Emotional Well-Being Challenge: A Path to Recovery in Nepal","authors":"A. Jeeawody, R. Adhikari, S. Sivamalai","doi":"10.3126/njst.v20i2.45770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i2.45770","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health and emotional well-being remain an urgent civil societies’ global burden. There is an increasing prevalence of mental health and emotional well-being problems in our societies and nations. There are severe implications from these connected with the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 has produced the gravest disruption to our nations’ health, education, employability, economy, social structure, and mobility.The pandemic has placed humanity in a global emergency with long-term implications. The population’s emotional well-being, including stress related disorders has been severe and likely to be prolonged. The burden of COVID-19 is escalating despite governmental and non-governmental resources, voluntary, religious organisations, and philanthropic efforts. Nations must address the psycho-social conditions of their population as a public health imperative by identifying the peoples’ emotional well-being needs and prioritise strategies to enable their capacity for ‘doing good’ and ‘feeling of goodness’. The Emotional Well-being Institute (EWBI) advocates the significance of ‘feeling goodness’, and that innovative approaches and research initiatives are urgently needed to understand emotional well-being attributes and their impact on overall mental health. Emotional well-being is a broad concept, one that includes several aspects of our everyday lives. There needs to be a multi-dimensional and a whole-of-society approach when addressing the emotional well-being of highly vulnerable societies and nations, such as Nepal.","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133118107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capacity Enhancement in Rock and Tunnel Engineering in Nepal","authors":"K. K. Panthi","doi":"10.3126/njst.v20i2.45776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i2.45776","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent past, infrastructure development activities have gained momentum in Nepal. Many roads are being and will be upgraded to enhance transport efficiency. The hydropower development activities are in full momentum. However, often occurring natural hazards caused by monsoon rain and large-scale earthquakes are major challenges to Nepal’s infrastructure and resilience hydropower projects. Developing an efficient transport network functioning in allweather conditions and resilience hydropower is not possible without the construction of tunnels. The experience indicates that the construction cost for tunnels is considerably higher due to insufficient capacity and knowledge base within Nepal and dependency on foreign agencies who have limited knowledge on the Himalayan geological condition. It is important to enhance ability through specialized high-level education and research within Rock and Tunnel Engineering (both MSc and Ph.D. Levels). This manuscript discusses a new curriculum developed for MSc education in Rock and Tunnel Engineering for the Institute of Engineering (IoE) of Tribhuvan University with the direct help from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), which helped to start the MSc program and first batch of students are enrolled for the academic year 2020/2021 at IoE-WRC Pokhara. NTNU collaborates with IoE through a research grant NORHED II Project 70141 6; Capacity Enhancement in Rock and Tunnel Engineering in Nepal received from the Norwegian Agency for Development Aid (NORAD).","PeriodicalId":129302,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115145177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}