Hepatology InternationalPub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10644-y
Ana Ostojic, Nadim Mahmud, K Rajender Reddy
{"title":"Surgical risk stratification in patients with cirrhosis.","authors":"Ana Ostojic, Nadim Mahmud, K Rajender Reddy","doi":"10.1007/s12072-024-10644-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12072-024-10644-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with cirrhosis experience higher morbidity and mortality rates than the general population, irrespective of the type or scope of surgery. This increased risk is attributed to adverse effects of liver disease, encompassing coagulation dysfunction, altered metabolism of anesthesia and sedatives, immunologic dysfunction, hemorrhage related to varices, malnutrition and frailty, impaired wound healing, as well as diminished portal blood flow, overall hepatic circulation, and hepatic oxygen supply during surgical procedures. Therefore, a frequent clinical dilemma is whether surgical interventions should be pursued in patients with cirrhosis. Several risk scores are widely used to aid in the decision-making process, each with specific advantages and limitations. This review aims to discuss the preoperative risk factors in patients with cirrhosis, describe and compare surgical risk assessment models used in everyday practice, provide insights into the surgical risk according to the type of surgery and present recommendations for optimizing those with cirrhosis for surgical procedures. As the primary focus is on currently available risk models, the review describes the predictive value of each model, highlighting its specific advantages and limitations. Furthermore, for models that do not account for the type of surgical procedure to be performed, the review suggests incorporating both patient-related and surgery-related risks into the decision-making process. Finally, we provide an algorithm for the preoperative assessment of patients with cirrhosis before elective surgery as well as guidance perioperative management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12901,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology International","volume":" ","pages":"876-891"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140109865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hepatology InternationalPub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-01-12DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10626-6
Hyung-Don Kim, Young-Gyu Park, Sejin Kim, Kyu-Pyo Kim, Sook-Ryun Park, Min-Hee Ryu, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Changhoon Yoo
{"title":"Organ-specific response with first-line atezolizumab-bevacizumab versus lenvatinib for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Hyung-Don Kim, Young-Gyu Park, Sejin Kim, Kyu-Pyo Kim, Sook-Ryun Park, Min-Hee Ryu, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Changhoon Yoo","doi":"10.1007/s12072-023-10626-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12072-023-10626-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based treatments have become the mainstay of first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but there has been a concern that intrahepatic HCC lesions may be less responsive to ICI monotherapy. We aimed to investigate the organ-specific response patterns among unresectable HCC patients treated with first-line atezolizumab-bevacizumab or lenvatinib.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 386 patients with Child-Pugh A unresectable HCC who were treated with first-line atezolizumab-bevacizumab (n = 217) or lenvatinib (n = 169). The organ-specific response was separately evaluated according to the site of the lesions: liver, lung, lymph node (LN), and intraabdomen based on a radiological evaluation adopted from RECIST v 1.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age was 60 years. Hepatitis B infection was the most common etiology (n = 270, 69.9%), and 291 (75.4%) patients had a viral etiology. The proportion of patients achieving a ≥ 30% reduction in the tumor burden for each organ category was overall higher in the atezolizumab-bevacizumab group than that in the lenvatinib group: 20.2% vs. 11.8%, 23.0% vs. 12.2%, 27.9% vs. 17.9% and 33.3% vs. 15.0% for intrahepatic, lung, LN, and intraabdominal lesions, respectively. The corresponding values for the subgroup with a viral etiology were 17.3% vs. 8.1%, 18.8% vs. 13.3%, 28.9% vs. 3.6%, and 36.0% vs. 12.5%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to lenvatinib, atezolizumab-bevacizumab was associated with a favorable organ-specific response regardless of the site of the tumor lesions. Unlike anti-PD-1 monotherapy, atezolizumab-bevacizumab had a comparable organ-specific response between intrahepatic and extrahepatic lesions, especially for those with viral etiology HCCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12901,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology International","volume":" ","pages":"973-983"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139424636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hepatology InternationalPub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10673-7
Ziyan Pan, Said A Al-Busafi, Maheeba Abdulla, Yasser Fouad, Giada Sebastiani, Mohammed Eslam
{"title":"MAFLD identifies patients with significant hepatic fibrosis better than MASLD.","authors":"Ziyan Pan, Said A Al-Busafi, Maheeba Abdulla, Yasser Fouad, Giada Sebastiani, Mohammed Eslam","doi":"10.1007/s12072-024-10673-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12072-024-10673-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Diagnostic criteria for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) have been proposed but not yet validated. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the MASLD definition with the existing criteria for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in identifying patients with significant fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis included a total of 8317 individuals who had complete biochemical and liver ultrasonography data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2020). In this study, significant fibrosis (≥ F2) was determined by a median liver stiffness of ≥ 8.0 kPa. To identify independent factors associated with significant fibrosis, multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MAFLD (OR 3.44; 95% CI 2.88-4.12; P < 0.0001) has a trend for stronger and independent association with significant fibrosis compared to MASLD (OR 2.63; 95% CI 2.22-3.11; P < 0.0001). Non-MASLD MAFLD is independently associated with a 14.28-fold higher odds of significant fibrosis compared to non-MAFLD MASLD. The sensitivity for detecting significant fibrosis for MAFLD and MASLD was 76.23% vs 69.94%, respectively. The performance of MAFLD remains consistent in a sub-analysis of patients with no or mild alcohol intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The definition of MAFLD provides a more precise identification of individuals who have both fatty liver and significant fibrosis, assessed by non-invasive tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":12901,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology International","volume":" ","pages":"964-972"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global burden and trends of acute viral hepatitis among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.","authors":"Wanglong Xiao, Jingwei Zhao, Yiwen Chen, Xingzhu Liu, Chang Xu, Jiaxu Zhang, Yongbing Qian, Qiang Xia","doi":"10.1007/s12072-024-10640-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12072-024-10640-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children and adolescents are at high risk for acute viral hepatitis (AVH), but epidemiological research focusing on them has been overshadowed by adult chronic B and C. We provide global, regional, and national estimates of the AVH burden and their trends on people under 20 years from 1990 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AVH data from Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 was used. Incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated, analyzing trends with estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and Joinpoint regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2019, 156.39 (95% uncertainty interval 145.20-167.16) million new cases of AVH were reported among children and adolescents globally, resulting in 1.98 (1.50-2.55) million DALYs. Incidence rates for young children (< 5 years), older children (5-9 years), and adolescents (10-19 years) were 12,799 (11,068-14,513), 5,108 (4829-5411), and 3020 (2724-3339) per 100,000 population, respectively. The global AVH incidence displayed a linear decline with an EAPC of - 0.66 (- 0.68 to - 0.65). High-incidence regions included sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania, South Asia, and Central Asia, with India, Pakistan, and Nigeria facing the greatest burden. Leading causes were hepatitis A, followed by hepatitis E, B, and C. All hepatitis types showed declining trends, especially hepatitis B. Furthermore, we confirmed the association between the AVH incidence and the socioeconomics, vaccine, and advanced liver diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Effective vaccines and treatments for hepatitis B and C offer eradication opportunities. Broadening diagnostic and therapeutic coverage is vital to address disparities in service provision for children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":12901,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology International","volume":" ","pages":"917-928"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140287377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Teng, Ting-Tsung Chang, Hwai-I Yang, Cheng-Yuan Peng, Chien-Wei Su, Tung-Hung Su, Tsung-Hui Hu, Ming-Lung Yu, Hung-Chih Yang, Jaw-Ching Wu
{"title":"Correction to: Risk scores to predict HCC and the benefits of antiviral therapy for CHB patients in gray zone of treatment guidelines.","authors":"Wei Teng, Ting-Tsung Chang, Hwai-I Yang, Cheng-Yuan Peng, Chien-Wei Su, Tung-Hung Su, Tsung-Hui Hu, Ming-Lung Yu, Hung-Chih Yang, Jaw-Ching Wu","doi":"10.1007/s12072-023-10634-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12072-023-10634-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12901,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology International","volume":" ","pages":"1066"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139512115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hepatology InternationalPub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10636-4
Benedikt Simbrunner, Benedikt S Hofer, Philipp Schwabl, Kerstin Zinober, Oleksandr Petrenko, Claudia Fuchs, Georg Semmler, Rodrig Marculescu, Mattias Mandorfer, Christian Datz, Michael Trauner, Thomas Reiberger
{"title":"FXR-FGF19 signaling in the gut-liver axis is dysregulated in patients with cirrhosis and correlates with impaired intestinal defence.","authors":"Benedikt Simbrunner, Benedikt S Hofer, Philipp Schwabl, Kerstin Zinober, Oleksandr Petrenko, Claudia Fuchs, Georg Semmler, Rodrig Marculescu, Mattias Mandorfer, Christian Datz, Michael Trauner, Thomas Reiberger","doi":"10.1007/s12072-023-10636-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12072-023-10636-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Experimental studies linked dysfunctional Farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) signaling to liver disease. This study investigated key intersections of the FXR-FGF19 pathway along the gut-liver axis and their link to disease severity in patients with cirrhosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with cirrhosis undergoing hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement (cohort-I n = 107, including n = 53 with concomitant liver biopsy; n = 5 healthy controls) or colonoscopy with ileum biopsy (cohort-II n = 37; n = 6 controls) were included. Hepatic and intestinal gene expression reflecting FXR activation and intestinal barrier integrity was assessed. Systemic bile acid (BA) and FGF19 levels were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Systemic BA and FGF19 levels correlated significantly (r = 0.461; p < 0.001) and increased with cirrhosis severity. Hepatic SHP expression decreased in patients with cirrhosis (vs. controls; p < 0.001), indicating reduced FXR activation in the liver. Systemic FGF19 (r = -0.512, p < 0.001) and BA (r = -0.487, p < 0.001) levels correlated negatively with hepatic CYP7A1, but not SHP or CYP8B1 expression, suggesting impaired feedback signaling in the liver. In the ileum, expression of FXR, SHP and FGF19 decreased in patients with cirrhosis, and interestingly, intestinal FGF19 expression was not linked to systemic FGF19 levels. Intestinal zonula occludens-1, occludin, and alpha-5-defensin expression in the ileum correlated with SHP and decreased in patients with decompensated cirrhosis as compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FXR-FGF19 signaling is dysregulated at essential molecular intersections along the gut-liver axis in patients with cirrhosis. Decreased FXR activation in the ileum mucosa was linked to reduced expression of intestinal barrier proteins. These human data call for further mechanistic research on interventions targeting the FXR-FGF19 pathway in patients with cirrhosis.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>NCT03267615.</p>","PeriodicalId":12901,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology International","volume":" ","pages":"929-942"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11126514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139706532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hepatology InternationalPub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10628-4
Ming Liu, Quan Bao, Tingting Zhao, Longfei Huang, Danhua Zhang, Yanyan Wang, Xiaoluan Yan, Hongwei Wang, Kemin Jin, Wei Liu, Kun Wang, Baocai Xing
{"title":"Pre-hepatectomy dynamic circulating tumor DNA to predict pathologic response to preoperative chemotherapy and post-hepatectomy recurrence in patients with colorectal liver metastases.","authors":"Ming Liu, Quan Bao, Tingting Zhao, Longfei Huang, Danhua Zhang, Yanyan Wang, Xiaoluan Yan, Hongwei Wang, Kemin Jin, Wei Liu, Kun Wang, Baocai Xing","doi":"10.1007/s12072-023-10628-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12072-023-10628-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the predictive value of pre-hepatectomy dynamic circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) on pathologic response to preoperative chemotherapy and recurrence after liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Pathologic response is a predictor of clinical outcomes for patients undergoing hepatectomy for CRLM. Postoperative ctDNA has been proven to be sensitive for recurrence detection. However, few studies investigate the impact of pre-hepatectomy ctDNA on pathologic response and recurrence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with potential resectable CRLM underwent preoperative chemotherapy and hepatectomy between 2018 and 2021 was considered for inclusion. Plasma ctDNA was collected before and after preoperative chemotherapy. Pathologic response was analyzed for all patients after liver resection. Recurrence free survival was compared between patients with different ctDNA status and different pathologic response. The relation between ctDNA and pathologic response was also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 114 patients were included. ctDNA was detectable in 108 of 114 patients (94.7%) before chemotherapy, in 56 of 114 patients (49.1%) after chemotherapy. Patients with ctDNA positive at baseline and negative after chemotherapy had significantly longer RFS (median RFS 17 vs 7 months, p = 0.001) and HRFS (median HRFS unreached vs 8 months, p < 0.001) than those with ctDNA persistently positive after chemotherapy. Two patients (1.6%) had a pathologic complete response and 56 patients (45.2%) had a pathologic major response. Post-chemotherapy ctDNA- was associated with improved major pathologic response (53.4% vs 32.1%, p = 0.011). In the multivariable analysis, ctDNA- after chemotherapy (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28-0.93), major pathologic response (HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.19-0.62) and surgery combined with radiofrequency ablation (HR 2.62, 95% CI 1.38-5.00) were independently associated with RFS (all p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pre-hepatectomy dynamic monitoring of ctDNA could predict pathologic response to preoperative chemotherapy and post-hepatectomy recurrence in CRLM patients. Negative ctDNA after preoperative chemotherapy was associated with better tumor regression grade and recurrence-free survival, which might be used to guide pre-hepatectomy chemotherapy and predict prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12901,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology International","volume":" ","pages":"1029-1039"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139996080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laparoscopic liver resection is superior to radiofrequency ablation for small hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of propensity score-matched studies.","authors":"Wen Chen, Xiaodan Lin, Zhenheng Wu, Wei Pan, Qiming Ke, Yanling Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12072-024-10645-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12072-024-10645-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The approach in small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial, no prospective randomized trials to compare ablative or surgical approaches. We compared the surgical and oncological outcomes after laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in small HCC patients based on matched cohort studies that performed propensity score matching (PSM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systemically searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and the Chinese BioMedical Literature (CBM) databases. All published propensity score-matched studies that compared LH and RFA for small HCC were included in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies with a total of 1273 small HCC cases were included. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in the 1- year overall survival (OS) rate between the two groups, whereas the LH group had significantly higher 3- year overall survival rate (RR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.08-1.20, p < 0.00001) as well as 1- and 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates (RR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.22-1.42, p < 0.00001; RR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.46-1.90, p < 0.00001) than the RFA group. Meanwhile, the local recurrence rate and intrahepatic distant recurrence rate were significantly lower in the LH group than in the RFA group (RR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.20-0.42, p < 0.00001; RR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.49-0.92, p = 0.01). In comparison with the LH group, the RFA group had a lower incidence of overall and major postoperative complications (RR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.47-2.24, p < 0.00001; RR = 2.76, 95% CI 1.48-5.12, p = 0.001), but there was no significant difference in postoperative mortality between the two groups. In addition, further comparison of single postoperative complications showed that the incidence of ascites was lower in the RFA group than in the LH group (RR = 3.62, 95% CI 1.64-7.96, p = 0.001), whereas there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative bleeding, abdominal infection and bile leakage between the two groups (RR = 3.50, 95% CI 0.74-16.61, p = 0.11; RR = 5.00, 95% CI 0.59-42.23, p = 0.14; RR = 4.00, 95% CI 0.45-35.23, p = 0.21). Besides, the hospital stay was shorter in the RFA group than in the LH group (MD = 4.29, 95% CI 2.06-6.53, p = 0.0002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our meta-analysis demonstrated that in comparison with RFA in the treatment of small HCC, LH provided superior long-term OS and DFS together with lower rates of local and intrahepatic distant recurrence after surgery. However, RFA was associated with better short-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12901,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology International","volume":" ","pages":"998-1010"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140119319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}