Hemodialysis International最新文献

{"title":"Adrenal insufficiency in hemodialysis patients—An under-recognized problem: A case series","authors":"Krupa Shah,&nbsp;Jeffrey Wong,&nbsp;Kathy Mac,&nbsp;Namson S. Lau,&nbsp;Vincent M. Wong,&nbsp;Angela Makris","doi":"10.1111/hdi.13131","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hdi.13131","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adrenal insufficiency is an uncommon disorder and presents with non-specific symptoms. Identifying adrenal insufficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis is increasingly difficult as there is a significant overlap of the signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency with those seen in chronic kidney failure. We highlight this diagnostic uncertainty in a case series of three patients with chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis as renal replacement therapy from a single center identified as hypoadrenal. Steroid replacement improved symptoms and hemodynamic parameters. Increased vigilance for adrenal insufficiency in dialysis patients is necessary. It is likely under recognized in hemodialysis patients given their multi-morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12815,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis International","volume":"28 2","pages":"229-232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139704274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We are moving to online only","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/hdi.13129","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hdi.13129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12815,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis International","volume":"28 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139428096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of conventional hemodialysis on the apixaban plasma concentration","authors":"Tim Poel,&nbsp;Nikki de Rouw,&nbsp;Nathalie C. V. Péquériaux,&nbsp;Daan van de Kerkhof,&nbsp;Annemieke M.A. Vermeulen Windsant,&nbsp;Rob J. van Marum,&nbsp;Angele P. M. Kerckhoffs","doi":"10.1111/hdi.13127","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hdi.13127","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Apixaban is a factor Xa inhibitor used in patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of hemodialysis on apixaban plasma concentrations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This observational study is on patients treated with apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily on conventional hemodialysis with standard low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) anticoagulation (nadroparin 3800–7600 IU). Plasma blood samples were collected before starting dialysis (t1), 2 h after starting dialysis (t2), and directly after dialysis (t3). Apixaban concentration was measured before and after dialysis. Anti-Xa activity was measured for all three samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A significant difference was observed between the apixaban concentration before and after dialysis (mean before dialysis 141.03 ng/mL; mean after dialysis 102.71 ng/mL; <i>p</i> = 0.003). Nonetheless, both apixaban plasma concentrations and anti-Xa levels remained within the reference range. Anti-Xa levels had a strong correlation with the apixaban concentrations (<i>r</i> = 0.935, <i>p</i> = 0.000). Thus, anti-Xa activity might be used as a surrogate for apixaban plasma concentration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There seems to be no need for dose adjustments of apixaban; co-administration of LMWH next to apixaban might also be unnecessary.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12815,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis International","volume":"28 1","pages":"72-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hdi.13127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92158102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic kidney disease and value-based care: Lessons from innovation, iteration, and ideation in primary care","authors":"Matthew E. Berman,&nbsp;Joshua E. Lowentritt","doi":"10.1111/hdi.13126","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hdi.13126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Value-based primary care has reduced health care costs, improved the quality of rendered care, and enhanced the patient experience. Value-based care emphasizes prevention, outreach, follow-up, patient engagement, and comprehensive, whole-person health. Primary care Accountable Care Organizations have leveraged technology-enabled workflows, practice transformation, and cutting-edge data and analytics to achieve success. These efforts are increasingly aided by predictive modeling used in the context of patient identification and prioritization algorithms. Value-based kidney care programs can glean salient takeaways from successful value-based primary care methods and models. The kidney care community is experiencing unprecedented transformation as novel payer programs and financial models burgeon. The authors contend these efforts can be accelerated by the adoption of techniques honed in value-based primary care. To optimize value-based kidney care, though, nephrology thought leaders must transcend the archetype of value-based primary care. To do so, the nephrology community must: (1) impel behavioral change among fee-for-service adherents; (2) harness emerging policy, guidelines, and quality measures; (3) adopt innovative tools, technologies, and therapies. In aggregating lessons from value-based primary care—and leveraging novel methodologies and approaches—the kidney care community will be better equipped to achieve the quadruple aim for kidney care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12815,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis International","volume":"28 1","pages":"6-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71490395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-associated effects of intradialytic exercise on physical function and nutritional status in patients receiving ambulatory hemodialysis: A multicenter cohort study","authors":"Ren Takahashi,&nbsp;Hiroki Yabe,&nbsp;Hideaki Ishikawa,&nbsp;Takashi Hibino,&nbsp;Tomoya Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Sayumi Morishita,&nbsp;Kenichi Kono,&nbsp;Yoshifumi Moriyama,&nbsp;Tetsuya Yamada","doi":"10.1111/hdi.13128","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hdi.13128","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intradialytic exercise is essential for improving physical function for older patients. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the effects of exercise therapy and aging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This multicenter cohort study included 1176 patients aged 40–89 years, who participated in an intradialytic exercise program, comprising stretching and resistance training, three times per week for 12 months. Isometric knee extension strength (IKES), 10-m walking speed, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) were measured at baseline and after 12 months. The patients were divided according to age as follows: 40–59, 60–69, 70–79, and 80–89 years. A linear mixed-effects model examined the improvement within-group and between-control differences, as the 40–59 age group was the control group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 40–59, 60–69, 70–79, and 80–89 age groups comprised 180, 317, 466, and 213 participants, respectively. Within-group differences, all the age groups significantly improved IKES and SPPB. The 10-m walking speed [0.02 (0.02) m/s] and GNRI [0.38 (0.33)] did not improved only in the 80–89 age group despite other age groups significantly improved. Between-control differences, IKES of the 70–79 age group [−0.24 (−0.42 to −0.06) %] was significantly lower improvement than control. GNRI of all the older groups were significantly smaller improvement than control (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The older group demonstrated difficulty in improving walking ability and nutritional status compared with the younger groups. Clinicians need to consider the difference in effectiveness due to age and prescribe intradialytic exercises accordingly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12815,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis International","volume":"28 1","pages":"117-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71490382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dr. Andreas Pierratos, MD, FRCPC","authors":"Christopher T. Chan","doi":"10.1111/hdi.13119","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hdi.13119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12815,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis International","volume":"28 1","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50159577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher NT-proBNP levels and the risk of intradialytic hypotension at hemodialysis initiation","authors":"Katherine A. Curtis,&nbsp;Sushrut S. Waikar,&nbsp;Finnian R. Mc Causland","doi":"10.1111/hdi.13125","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hdi.13125","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a potent predictor of adverse outcomes in hemodialysis initiation. These patients often experience intradialytic hypotension, which may partially reflect cardiac dysfunction, but the association of NT-proBNP with intradialytic hypotension is not clear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a post hoc analysis of a randomized trial that tested mannitol versus placebo in 52 patients initiating hemodialysis (NCT01520207). NT-proBNP was measured prior to the first and third sessions (<i>n</i> = 87). Mixed-effects models (adjusting for randomized treatment, sex, race, age, diabetes, heart failure, catheter use, pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure, pre-dialysis weight, ultrafiltration volume, serum sodium, bicarbonate, urea nitrogen, phosphate, albumin, hemoglobin, and session length) were fit to examine the association of NT-proBNP with systolic blood pressure decline (pre-dialysis minus nadir systolic blood pressure). Additionally, mixed-effects Poisson models were fit to examine the association with intradialytic hypotension (≥20 mmHg decline in systolic blood pressure).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mean age was 55 ± 16 years; 33% had baseline heart failure. The median NT-proBNP was 5498 [25th-75th percentile 2011, 14,790] pg/mL; 26 sessions (30%) were complicated by intradialytic hypotension. In adjusted models, each unit higher log-NT-proBNP was associated with 6.0 mmHg less decline in systolic blood pressure (95%CI −9.2 to −2.8). Higher pre-dialysis NT-proBNP, per log-unit, was associated with a 52% lower risk of intradialytic hypotension (IRR 0.48, 95%CI 0.23–0.97), without evidence for effect modification by randomized treatment (<i>P</i>-interaction = 0.17).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In patients initiating hemodialysis, higher NT-proBNP is associated with less decline in intradialytic systolic blood pressure and lower risk of intradialytic hypotension. Future studies should investigate if higher pre-dialysis NT-proBNP levels may identify patients who might tolerate more aggressive ultrafiltration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12815,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis International","volume":"28 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50159578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phase 3b, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study of roxadustat within a US dialysis organization: The DENALI study","authors":"John Larkin,&nbsp;Jeffrey Hymes,&nbsp;Marcus L. Britton,&nbsp;Yemmie Oluwatosin,&nbsp;Jacqueline Nolen,&nbsp;Lixia Zhu,&nbsp;Arnold Silva","doi":"10.1111/hdi.13122","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hdi.13122","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Roxadustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor approved in several regions for the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD). DENALI, a phase 3b study, evaluated the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of roxadustat in patients with anemia of CKD receiving in-center or home dialysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eligible patients received open-label roxadustat, dosed three times weekly for 24 weeks, with an optional extension of ≤1 year. Initial dosing depended on erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) dose at screening for patients receiving ESAs (≥6 weeks) and weight-based for those not (total &lt;6 weeks). Primary efficacy endpoints were proportion of patients with mean hemoglobin (Hb) ≥10.0 g/dL averaged over Weeks 16–24, and mean Hb change from baseline to the average during Weeks 16–24. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and treatment-emergent serious adverse events (TESAEs) were assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 281 patients screened, 203 were treated and 201 included in the full analysis set. Overall, 166 patients completed the 24-week treatment period and 126 continued into the extension period. Mean baseline Hb was 10.4 g/dL and 82.6% received in-center hemodialysis. Overall, 84.6% of patients achieved a mean Hb ≥ 10.0 g/dL averaged Weeks 16–24. Mean (standard deviation) Hb change from baseline averaged Weeks 16–24 was 0.5 (1.0) g/dL. Prespecified subgroup analyses were consistent with primary analyses. Dosing adherence was 94%. Overall, 3.0% of patients received a red blood cell transfusion at up to Week 24. TEAEs and TESAEs were reported by 71.4% and 25.6% of patients, respectively. The most frequently reported TESAEs were COVID-19 (<i>n</i> = 5; 2.5%), and acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and sepsis (each <i>n</i> = 4; 2.0%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Roxadustat effectively achieved and/or maintained mean Hb levels ≥10.0 g/dL in patients receiving dialysis. The feasibility of incorporating oral roxadustat into dialysis organizations was successfully demonstrated with high dosing adherence. No new safety signals were identified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12815,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis International","volume":"28 1","pages":"59-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hdi.13122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50159576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myocardial markers are highly altered by higher rates of fluid removal during hemodialysis","authors":"Junko Goto,&nbsp;Michael Ott,&nbsp;Bernd Stegmayr","doi":"10.1111/hdi.13124","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hdi.13124","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although hemodialysis is lifesaving in patients with kidney failure extensive interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) between dialyses worsens the prognosis. We recently showed a strong correlation between IDWG and predialytic values of cardiac markers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the cardiac markers N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP) and troponin T were influenced by IDWG and speed of fluid removal (ultrafiltration-rate).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty hemodialysis patients performed in total 60 hemodialysis (three each). Predialytic values of proBNP and troponin T and changes from predialysis to 180 min hemodialysis (180–0 min) were compared with the IDWG calculated in percent of body weight. The ultrafiltration-rate was adjusted (UF-rate_adj) to IDWG: (100 × weight gain between dialysis [kg])/(estimated body dry weight [kg] × length of hemodialysis session [hours]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>UF-rate_adj correlated (Spearman) with (1) predialytic values of IDWG (<i>r</i> = 0.983, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), proBNP (<i>r</i> = 0.443, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and troponin T (<i>r</i> = 0.296, <i>p</i> = 0.025); and (2) differences in proBNP_180–0min (<i>r =</i> 0.572, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and troponin T_180–0min (<i>r</i> = 0.400, <i>p</i> = 0.002). UF-rates_adj above a breakpoint of 0.60 caused more release of proBNP_180–0min (<i>p</i> = 0.027). Remaining variables in multiple regression analysis with ProBNP_180–0min as dependent factor were predialytic proBNP (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and the ultrafiltration-rate (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher UF-rate_adj during dialysis was correlated to increased levels of cardiac markers. Data support a UF-rate_adj lower than 0.6 to limit such increase. Further studies may confirm if limited fluid intake and a lower UF-rate_adj should be recommended to prevent cardiac injury during dialysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12815,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis International","volume":"28 1","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hdi.13124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50159579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated intraneural vascularization of the median nerve proximal to the arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients suspected of carpal tunnel syndrome: A case series","authors":"Carina N. Bagge,&nbsp;Kristine Lindhard,&nbsp;Ylian S. Liem,&nbsp;Janus Kaufmann Lindquist,&nbsp;Eszter Balazs-Becsi,&nbsp;Nils Wolfram","doi":"10.1111/hdi.13123","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hdi.13123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Patients with end-stage kidney disease may require creation of an arteriovenous fistula in order to receive hemodialysis treatment. The creation may result in several complications, including carpal tunnel syndrome. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to relieve symptoms, prevent permanent nerve damage, and improve quality of life. However, the sensory and motor disturbances resembling carpal tunnel syndrome could be related to other etiologies than external compression of the median nerve underneath the transverse ligament. This case report presents eight patients with a radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula, who all had symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Ultrasonographic examination showed a segmental intraneural hypervascularization of a large vessel inside the median nerve proximal to the wrist and arteriovenous fistula anastomosis with garland-like course as well as multiple flow velocities. The neurophysiological findings showed a significant decreased velocity in the ipsilateral forearm to the arteriovenous fistula.</p>","PeriodicalId":12815,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis International","volume":"28 1","pages":"125-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49695371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}