Martin Depret, Yannick Bruni, A. Dassargues, A. Defourny, J. Marion, H. Vanderschueren, F. Hatert
{"title":"Mineralogical and hydrogeological study of \"pouhons\" in the lower Palaeozoic formations of the Stavelot-Venn Massif, Belgium","authors":"Martin Depret, Yannick Bruni, A. Dassargues, A. Defourny, J. Marion, H. Vanderschueren, F. Hatert","doi":"10.20341/gb.2021.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2021.001","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous naturally CO2-rich mineral water springs, locally called pouhons, occur in the Stavelot-Venn Massif. These water springs show a particular composition with a high content of iron, manganese and lithium, and are characterised by a red-orange colour resulting from iron hydroxide precipitation near the land surface. Radon measurements have shown that these ferruginous deposits are weakly radioactive. The Upper Cambrian black shales of the La Gleize Formation are also known to display radioactive anomalies. These rocks show enrichment in HFSE (Pb, U, Y, Ce, Zr, Ti, Nb) and are depleted in transition metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn). Specific minerals such as florencite-(Ce), monazite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y) and zircon have been identified and are probably at the origin of the radioactive anomalies. Uranium was gradually leached from these minerals, transported in solution, and finally concentrated in ferruginous muds. These muds are mainly composed of goethite (most often amorphous), residual quartz and calcite in some samples. The most probable hypothesis is that uranium is adsorbed in small concentrations on the goethite surface. On the other hand, the Ottré Formation (Ordovician) appears to be the main source of lithium, iron and manganese. Pouhon waters have therefore probably leached rocks of various mineralogy and chemical composition during their sub-surface circulation.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88784353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meriem L. Moulana, A. Hubert‐Ferrari, M. Guendouz, M. El Ouahabi, A. Boutaleb, F. Boulvain
{"title":"Contribution to the sedimentology of the Messinian carbonates of the Chelif Basin (Boukadir, Algeria)","authors":"Meriem L. Moulana, A. Hubert‐Ferrari, M. Guendouz, M. El Ouahabi, A. Boutaleb, F. Boulvain","doi":"10.20341/gb.2021.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2021.002","url":null,"abstract":"The Messinian (Upper Miocene) is characterized at the level of its marginal basins by the development of numerous carbonate platforms. This study concerns the Messinian platform of the Boukadir region in the south of the Chelif Basin in Algeria. It is composed of a lower prograding rimmed platform and an upper aggradational homoclinal ramp resting upon the Tortonian–Lower Messinian Blue Marl Formation, and its thickness reaches ~280 m in the Chelif Basin. The upper red-algae unit is uniform and subhorizontal with a minimum thickness of 90 m. Petrographic analysis of the upper ramp reveals three different microfacies, characterized by Lithothamnium, foraminifera, high porosity, and a microsparitic matrix. MF1 is a packstone, MF2 a packstone/bindstone deposited above the fair-weather wave base and MF3 is a wackestone to packstone deposited below this level. The upper unit is made up entirely of autochthonous biogenic elements without significant external fluvial contribution. It was formed in a shallow marine environment, with very high productivity and a significant export of the sediments produced. This aggradation was followed by a rapid exhumation (regression) transforming all the aragonite into calcite. The platforms correspond to the T2 complex reef formation (6.7–5.95 Ma) documented on the other Messinian carbonate platforms in the South of the Alboran Sea that formed just before the Messinian Salinity Crisis.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81116876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Earth science collections of the Centre Grégoire Fournier (Maredsous) with comments on Middle Devonian–Carboniferous brachiopods and trilobites from southern Belgium","authors":"Bernard Mottequin","doi":"10.20341/GB.2020.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2020.028","url":null,"abstract":"1. Introduction The Centre Gregoire Fournier (CGF) is part of the Maredsous Abbey (Denee, southern Belgium) and is home to the most important collection of invertebrates (e.g., brachiopods, echinoids, graptolites) and vertebrates (fishes) from the Visean (Moliniacian) ‘black marble’ of Denee, which ranks among the few fossil conservation deposits of the Belgian Carboniferous (see references in Mottequin, 2008a and Mottequin et al., 2015). Although the other palaeontological collections gathered by Dom Gregoire Fournier (1863-1931) cannot be compared with those of the ‘black marble’ of Denee, they include some types and illustrated specimens, notably of goniatites (Delepine, 1940) and fishes (Leriche, 1908), but also worthwhile material generally coming from Ordovician–Carboniferous sections located around Maredsous. The Centre Gregoire Fournier was originally the museum of natural sciences of the abbatial school of the Maredsous Abbey (Genard, 2018, 2019). Besides the mineralogical and palaeontological collections, this local museum comprises archaeological, botanical, petrological and zoological ones (Henrard, 1951; Parent, 1977, 1979). The three first objectives of the paper are related to the Centre Gregoire Fournier. This contribution aims at (1) providing brief information on its mineralogical and petrological (meteorites) collections, (2) documenting the types and illustrated specimens included in its palaeontological collections (to the exception of those from the ‘b","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"92 1","pages":"33-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83809283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Observations on the Pliocene sediments exposed at Antwerp International Airport (northern Belgium) constrain the stratigraphic position of the Broechem fauna","authors":"F. Wesselingh, F. Busschers, Stijn Goolaerts","doi":"10.20341/gb.2020.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2020.026","url":null,"abstract":"1. Introduction The Antwerp harbour region (Belgium) is well known for its thick and fossil-rich Pliocene successions (e.g. Vervoenen, 1995; Marquet, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2005; Marquet et al., 2009; Duboys de Lavigerie et al., 2020; Tsai et al., 2020). To the east these units become thin and discontinuous and often are affected by decalcification and reworking and the stratigraphic subdivision is not well understood (Marquet, 1980; Bisconti & Bosselaers, 2020; Bosselaers et al., 2004). To the southeast of Antwerp a Pliocene fauna has been documented that has a specific taphonomic character and species composition (Marquet, 1980; Wesselingh in van Bakel et al., 2003). This so-called Broechem fauna is found in brown-reddish spherical sandstone nodules of up to circa 15 cm long, and is dominated by single and paired specimens of a number of large bivalve species, partially as moulds, including Cyrtodaria angusta, Arctica islandica, Acanthocardia aff. aculeata, Cardiidae indet. (sensu Wesselingh in van Bakel et al., 2003) and Callista chione. The presence of Pygocardia rustica forma tumida implies an Early Pliocene age (Marquet, 1980; Wesselingh in van Bakel et al., 2003; Bosch & Wesselingh, 2006). Marquet (1980) reported the Broechem fauna mostly ex situ from a gravel interval supposedly attributed to the Kattendijk Formation overlying upper Miocene Diest Formation deposits at temporary outcrops for the construction of a water basin between the villages of Broechem and Oelegem. How","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73642516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. D. Nil, Marleen De Ceukelaire, Marleen Van Damme
{"title":"The Neogene 2020 reference dataset (De Nil et al., 2020)","authors":"K. D. Nil, Marleen De Ceukelaire, Marleen Van Damme","doi":"10.20341/gb.2020.021-sm1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2020.021-sm1","url":null,"abstract":"Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 as the resulting dataset from 'De Nil, K., De Ceukelaire, M. & Van Damme, M., 2020. A reference dataset for the Neogene lithostratigraphy in Flanders, Belgium. Geologica Belgica, 23/3-4. https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2020.021' \u0000\u0000Table 2. The general and different (sub)reference datasets resulting from the individual Neogene 2020 papers, with their DOV URL.\u0000\u0000Table 3. List of the individual boreholes and (temporary) outcrops of the Neogene reference set, with reference to the different individual papers of this collection, sorted by location as mentioned in the papers. *Complete ‘https://www.dov.vlaanderen.be/data/boring/’ with this unique code. **Complete http://collections.naturalsciences.be/ssh-geology-archives/arch/ with this unique code.\u0000\u0000Table 4. List of the individual CPT’s with reference to the different individual papers of this collection, sorted by DOV name.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82189459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A reference dataset for the Neogene lithostratigraphy in Flanders, Belgium","authors":"K. D. Nil, M. D. Ceukelaire, Marleen Van Damme","doi":"10.20341/gb.2020.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2020.021","url":null,"abstract":"1. Introduction The Neogene state-of-the-art compilation by the Subcommission for Neogene and Paleogene Lithostratigraphy of Belgium, formed an excellent opportunity to collect the data points to which the individual publications refer and to identify these data in the federal and regional databases. Two main data holders provide structured information concerning boreholes and outcrops of the geological subsurface of the northern region of Belgium, where Neogene deposits underlie the Quaternary sediments: (1) the regional Flanders Soil and Subsoil Database (Databank Ondergrond Vlaanderen or DOV), and (2) the federal Geological Survey of Belgium of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (GSB-RBINS). DOV (https://www.dov.vlaanderen.be; 2020) is the public web portal for open data concerning geology, natural resources, soil, hydrogeology, geotechnical characteristics and groundwater licenses of the (sub)soil of Flanders. The Flemish Planning Bureau for the Environment and Spatial Development (VPO) of the Department of Environment & Spatial Development is responsible for the durable management and use of the subsurface, including the natural resources and the deep subsurface (-500 m TAW) (Departement Omgeving, 2020). VPO is also responsible for the geological data and information available on the DOV-platform. In addition, VPO manages the soil data in cooperation with all relevant stakeholders in that domain and coordinates the development of DOV. The GSB-RBINS manages a","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89344180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Louwye, J. Deckers, J. Verhaegen, R. Adriaens, N. Vandenberghe
{"title":"A review of the lower and middle Miocene of northern Belgium","authors":"S. Louwye, J. Deckers, J. Verhaegen, R. Adriaens, N. Vandenberghe","doi":"10.20341/gb.2020.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2020.010","url":null,"abstract":"1. Introduction The North Sea was a semi-enclosed basin during the Neogene. The marine connection between the southern North Sea Basin and the Channel was prevented by the Weald-Artois ridge, while in the north an open marine connection with the Norwegian-Greenland Sea existed (Ziegler, 1990; Rasmussen et al., 2008; Rasmussen et al., 2010). Tectonic uplift of northern Belgium during late Oligocene time pushed the southern coastline of the North Sea northwards, and late Oligocene sedimentation in Belgium was limited to a thin cover of glauconitic sand in northern Belgium; it is only well developed in the subsiding Roer Valley Graben (RVG) in the very northeast (Dusar et al., 2020, this volume). At the beginning of the Miocene, during the global sea-level rise after the Mi1 glacial maximum (Miller et al., 1991), sea levels rose and northern Belgium was invaded by a marine transgression from a northern to northwestern direction (Louwye, 2005). Furthermore, Munsterman & Deckers (2020, this volume) recorded in two wells in the northeastern part of the Campine latest Oligocene – earliest Miocene (Aquitanian – early Burdigalian) deposits and proposed a transgressive phase from the Roer Valley Graben towards the Campine area. The marine and continental lower and middle Miocene deposits are restricted to northern Belgium and crop out in the vicinity of the city of Antwerp (Fig. 1). In the Campine area, east of Antwerp, lower and middle Miocene sediments are present in the subsurface","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88443943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Barros, A. Defourny, A. Collignon, P. Jobe, A. Dassargues, K. Piessens, K. Welkenhuysen
{"title":"A review of the geology and origin of CO2 in mineral water springs in east Belgium","authors":"R. Barros, A. Defourny, A. Collignon, P. Jobe, A. Dassargues, K. Piessens, K. Welkenhuysen","doi":"10.20341/gb.2020.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2020.023","url":null,"abstract":"Naturally CO2-rich mineral water springs (pouhons) in east Belgium occur in the context of the Rhenohercynian domain of the Variscan fold-and-thrust belt, mostly within the Cambro-Ordovician Stavelot-Venn Massif. The origin of the CO2 is still unclear, although different hypotheses exist. In this review study, we show pouhon waters are of the calcium bicarbonate type (~310 mg/l HCO3- on average), with notable Fe (~15 mg/l) and some Ca (~43 mg/l). Pouhon waters are primarily meteoric waters, as evidenced by H and O isotopic signature. The δ13C of CO2 varies from -7.8 to +0.8‰ and contains up to ~15% He from magmatic origin, reflecting a combination of carbonate rocks and mantle as CO2 sources at depth. Dinantian and Middle Devonian carbonates at 2–6 km depth could be potential sources, with CO2 generated by dissolution. However, carbonates below the Stavelot-Venn Massif are only predicted by structural models that assume in-sequence thrusting, not by the more generally accepted out-of-sequence thrust models. The mantle CO2 might originate from degassing of the Eifel magmatic plume or an unknown shallower magmatic reservoir. Deep rooted faults are thought to act as preferential pathways. Overall low temperatures of pouhons (~10 °C) and short estimated residence times (up to 60 years) suggest magmatic CO2 is transported upwards to meet infiltrating groundwater at shallower depths, with partial to full isotopic exchange with carbonate rocks along its path, resulting in mixed magmatic-carbonate signature. Although the precise role and interaction of the involved subsurface processes remains debatable, this review study provides a baseline for future investigations.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90074429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Solé, V. Fischer, J. Denayer, R. Speijer, Morgane Fournier, Kévin Le Verger, Sandrine Ladevèze, A. Folie, T. Smith
{"title":"The upper Eocene-Oligocene carnivorous mammals from the Quercy Phosphorites (France) housed in Belgian collections","authors":"F. Solé, V. Fischer, J. Denayer, R. Speijer, Morgane Fournier, Kévin Le Verger, Sandrine Ladevèze, A. Folie, T. Smith","doi":"10.20341/gb.2020.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2020.006","url":null,"abstract":"1. Introduction The Quercy region (southwestern France; Fig. 1) contains many deposits with more than 80 distinct mammal localities that correspond to karstic fissure fillings. These paleokarst faunas range from the lower Eocene to the lower Miocene (Renaud et al., 1978; Remy et al., 1987; Sige et al., 1991; Legendre et al., 1992; Maitre et al., 2006, 2008; Escarguel et al., 2008; Maitre, 2014). This expanded temporal record, in addition to the quality and richness of the mammal fossils makes Quercy a key area for understanding the evolution of the European Paleogene mammals (Remy et al., 1987; Legendre & Hartenberger, 1992; Escarguel et al., 2008). However, from the beginning of the exploitation of the Quercy Phosphorites Formation in 1870 until its end in 1907, the exact sources of the fossils have rarely been recorded, and only toponyms were provided (e.g., Caylus, Lamandine, Bach). These names do not correspond to clearly defined fossiliferous sites, but that of close-by villages, resulting in occasional mixing of faunas of different ages. The fossils collected during that period make up for the so-called ‘old Quercy collections’ (see Rage, 2006: p.162; Maitre, 2014: p.143). However, since 1965, paleontologists from the Universite des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc at Montpellier (now part of the Universite de Montpellier), the Universite Paris 6 (former Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, UMPC, now Sorbonne Universite), the Universite Claude-Bernard Lyon I, and later","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"107 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89971853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the use of CPTs in stratigraphy: recent observations and some illustrative cases","authors":"Marco Schiltz","doi":"10.20341/gb.2020.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2020.019","url":null,"abstract":"1. Introduction During 2008 and 2010 the National Institute for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials (ONDRAF/NIRAS) organized two comprehensive field test campaigns (Wouters & Schiltz, 2013) situated in the NE of Flanders. The subject of these field campaigns was a hydrogeological safety study for a disposal facility for low radioactive waste storage. This investigation area is situated in the NE of the Flanders region in Belgium, at the Dessel nuclear site and a surrounding safety area on the territory of the Dessel–Geel–Kasterlee communities (Fig. 1). This field test campaign consisted in seven cored and logged boreholes and of about 200 CPTs (depth up to 35 m) in a regular grid of ~1 km² over an area of ~60 km² in the Dessel–Geel–Kasterlee area. This area is situated in a geological setting where, under a thin (1–4 m) cover of Quaternary sediments, Miocene sandy sediments outcrop (Fig. 1). In some preliminary minor field campaigns one of the cored boreholes revealed the presence of a ~10 m thick clayey layer on a stratigraphic level that was supposed to be sandy. Obviously the primary objective of the large number of CPTs was determining the presence and extension of this aquitard. It turned out that these data were also valuable in the discussion of the complex detail stratigraphy of the area. Therefore CPT data have been integrated in the unravelling of the local stratigraphy as presented in Vandenberghe et al. (2020, this volume). More information on the CP","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"127 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90605957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}