Genetical research最新文献_第2页

Impact of selection on effective population size: a commentary on 'Inbreeding in artificial selection programmes' by Alan Robertson. 选择对有效种群规模的影响:Alan Robertson对《人工选择计划中的近亲繁殖》的评论。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672308009464

W. G. Hill

引用次数: 5

Holliday junctions, heteroduplex DNA and map expansion: a commentary on 'A mechanism for gene conversion in fungi' by Robin Holliday. 霍利迪结、异双工DNA和图谱扩展:罗宾·霍利迪对“真菌基因转换机制”的评论。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672308009488

D. Leach

引用次数: 2

What maintains genetic variation in natural populations? A commentary on 'The maintenance of genetic variability by mutation in a polygenic character with linked loci' by Russell Lande. 是什么维持了自然种群的遗传变异?罗素·兰德(Russell Lande)对“通过连锁位点的多基因特征突变维持遗传变异性”的评论。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672308009567

P. Phillips

{"title":"What maintains genetic variation in natural populations? A commentary on 'The maintenance of genetic variability by mutation in a polygenic character with linked loci' by Russell Lande.","authors":"P. Phillips","doi":"10.1017/S0016672308009567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672308009567","url":null,"abstract":"The ‘ Chicago School’ of quantitative genetics that dominated much of evolutionary thinking in the later part of the twentieth century had its genesis at Harvard in the early 1970s. It was during this time as a graduate student in Richard Lewontin’s laboratory that Russ Lande began a series of papers that would end up shaping much of the way we think about the evolution of complex traits. Lande began his graduate career with an interest in theoretical ecology but was soon motivated to translate G. G. Simpson’s ideas about large-scale patterns in evolution into the formalism of population genetics developed by Sewall Wright. The merging of these approaches found their nexus in quantitative genetics, which allowed Lande to precisely formulate equations for evolutionary change in a way that made it possible to challenge his theoretical results with empirical data. In two parallel sets of papers, Lande laid out the theory of the response to selection and the maintenance of genetic variation for both single traits (Lande, 1976 a, b) and for suites of correlated characters (Lande, 1979, 1980, 1984), with the former forming the core of his dissertation work. Together with his and Steve Arnold’s work on the analysis of selection (Lande & Arnold, 1983), this theory provides a coherent system for understanding the evolution of traits whose patterns of variance and covariance are stable enough that the precise genetic details underlying this variation can essentially be ignored. The conditions under which this kind of abstraction is possible is part of the focus of Lande’s seminal paper in Genetical Research published in 1976 (Lande, 1976a).","PeriodicalId":12777,"journal":{"name":"Genetical research","volume":"20 1","pages":"371-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84669887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Linear and generalized linear models for the detection of QTL effects on within-subject variability. 用于检测QTL对受试者内变异影响的线性和广义线性模型。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672307008968

Dörte Wittenburg, Volker Guiard, Friedrich Liese, Norbert Reinsch

{"title":"Linear and generalized linear models for the detection of QTL effects on within-subject variability.","authors":"Dörte Wittenburg, Volker Guiard, Friedrich Liese, Norbert Reinsch","doi":"10.1017/S0016672307008968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672307008968","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) may affect not only the mean of a trait but also its variability. A special aspect is the variability between multiple measured traits of genotyped animals, such as the within-litter variance of piglet birth weights. The sample variance of repeated measurements is assigned as an observation for every genotyped individual. It is shown that the conditional distribution of the non-normally distributed trait can be approximated by a gamma distribution. To detect QTL effects in the daughter design, a generalized linear model with the identity link function is applied. Suitable test statistics are constructed to test the null hypothesis H(0): No QTL with effect on the within-litter variance is segregating versus H(A): There is a QTL with effect on the variability of birth weight within litter. Furthermore, estimates of the QTL effect and the QTL position are introduced and discussed. The efficiency of the presented tests is compared with a test based on weighted regression. The error probability of the first type as well as the power of QTL detection are discussed and compared for the different tests.","PeriodicalId":12777,"journal":{"name":"Genetical research","volume":"89 4","pages":"245-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0016672307008968","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40850806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Rb(7.17), a rare Robertsonian fusion in wild populations of the house mouse. Rb(7.17)是家鼠野生种群中罕见的Robertsonian融合。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672307008993

Maria Assumpció Sans-Fuentes, Francesc Muñoz-Muñoz, Jacint Ventura, María José López-Fuster

引用次数: 16

Identification, genetic characterization, GA response and molecular mapping of Sdt97: a dominant mutant gene conferring semi-dwarfism in rice (Oryza sativa L.). 水稻半矮化显性突变基因Sdt97的鉴定、遗传特性、GA响应及分子定位。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672307009020

Ji-Ping Tong, Xue-Jun Liu, Shi-Yong Zhang, Shao-Qing Li, Xiao-Jue Peng, Jing Yang, Ying-Guo Zhu

{"title":"Identification, genetic characterization, GA response and molecular mapping of Sdt97: a dominant mutant gene conferring semi-dwarfism in rice (Oryza sativa L.).","authors":"Ji-Ping Tong, Xue-Jun Liu, Shi-Yong Zhang, Shao-Qing Li, Xiao-Jue Peng, Jing Yang, Ying-Guo Zhu","doi":"10.1017/S0016672307009020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672307009020","url":null,"abstract":"Semi-dwarfism is an important agronomic trait in rice breeding programmes. sd-1, termed the 'Green Revolution gene', confers semi-dwarf stature, increases harvest index, improves lodging resistance, and is associated with increased responsiveness to nitrogen fertilizer. It has contributed substantially to the significant increase in rice production. In this paper, a novel semi-dwarf mutant in rice is reported. Genetic analysis revealed that only a single dominant gene locus non-allelic to sd-1, temporarily designated Sdt97, is involved in the control of semi-dwarfism of the mutant. The semi-dwarfism of the mutant could be partly restored to the tall wild-type by application of exogenous GA3, suggesting that the mutant gene Sdt97 may be involved in the gibberellin (GA) synthesis pathway and not the GA response pathway in rice. A residual heterozygous line (RHL) population derived from a recombinant inbred line (RIL) was developed. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and bulked segregation analysis (BSA) combined with recessive class analysis (RCA) techniques were used to map Sdt97 to the long arm of chromosome 6 at the interval between two STS markers, N6 and TX5, with a genetic distance of 0.2 cM and 0.8 cM, respectively. A contig map was constructed based on the reference sequence aligned by the Sdt97 linked markers. The physical map of the Sdt97 locus was defined to a 118 kb interval, and 19 candidate genes were detected in the target region. This is the first time that a dominant semi-dwarf gene has been reported in rice. Cloning and functional analysis of gene Sdt97 will help us to learn more about molecular mechanism of rice semi-dwarfism.","PeriodicalId":12777,"journal":{"name":"Genetical research","volume":"89 4","pages":"221-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0016672307009020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40850804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

The geographic distribution of the ACE II genotype: a novel finding. ACE II基因型的地理分布:一个新发现。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672307009019

Y B Saab, P R Gard, A D J Overall

{"title":"The geographic distribution of the ACE II genotype: a novel finding.","authors":"Y B Saab, P R Gard, A D J Overall","doi":"10.1017/S0016672307009019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672307009019","url":null,"abstract":"Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism insertion (I) or deletion (D) has been widely studied in different populations, and linked to various functional effects and associated with common diseases. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the ACE I/D frequency in different populations and geographic location; ACE I/D allele frequency in the Lebanese population and ACE II genotype contribution to the geographic trend were also identified. Five hundred and seventy healthy volunteers were recruited from the Lebanese population. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal cells, and amplified by polymerase chain reaction; products were then identified by gel electrophoresis. The frequencies of the different ACE I/D genotypes were determined and tested for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). To assess the relationship between ACE I/D frequency and geographic location, and to identify how the Lebanese population contributes to the geographic trend in ACE I/D frequencies, Eurasian population samples and Asians were incorporated in the analyses from the literature. The frequency of the I allele in the Lebanese population was 27% and the corresponding II genotype was at a frequency of 7.37% (in HWE; P=0.979). The ACE I allele and genotype frequencies show an association with longitude, with frequencies increasing eastwards and westwards from the Middle East.","PeriodicalId":12777,"journal":{"name":"Genetical research","volume":"89 4","pages":"259-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0016672307009019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40850807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 56

Population genetics of Drosophila ananassae: genetic differentiation among Indian natural populations at the level of inversion polymorphism. ananassae果蝇的群体遗传学:倒置多态性水平下印度自然群体间的遗传分化。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672307008890

Pranveer Singh, B N Singh

{"title":"Population genetics of Drosophila ananassae: genetic differentiation among Indian natural populations at the level of inversion polymorphism.","authors":"Pranveer Singh, B N Singh","doi":"10.1017/S0016672307008890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672307008890","url":null,"abstract":"The present study, which is one of the longest temporal (two decades) and largest spatial (different parts of India covered) investigations on inversion polymorphism in natural populations of D. ananassae, was undertaken to understand the dynamics of inversion polymorphism in a broad and comprehensive manner. Forty-five natural populations from different ecogeographic regions of the country (covering the regions from Kashmir to Kanniyakumari and Gujarat to Nagaland) were analysed for chromosomal inversions. All the populations show the presence of the three cosmopolitan inversions, frequencies of which vary among the populations analysed. Simple correlations between frequencies of different inversions and regression analysis of inversion frequencies with latitude, longitude and altitude were insignificant. This reinforces the concept of rigid polymorphism in D. ananassae. Genetic divergence (spatial and temporal) at the level of chromosomal polymorphism among natural populations was calculated. Results show spatial divergence but no temporal divergence. Rigid polymorphic systems of D. ananassae did not show long-term directional trends. On the basis of the present study, and after including comparisons with the studies conducted more than two decades ago, the most important conclusion to be drawn is that the three cosmopolitan inversions in D. ananassae segregate within populations at fairly similar frequencies, and the general geographic pattern has remained constant.","PeriodicalId":12777,"journal":{"name":"Genetical research","volume":"89 4","pages":"191-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0016672307008890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40850800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

PCR detection of excision suggests mobility of the medaka fish Tol1 transposable element in the frog Xenopus laevis. PCR检测结果表明，在非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)中，medaka fish Tol1转座因子具有可移动性。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672307008889

Akira Hikosaka, Akihiko Koga

{"title":"PCR detection of excision suggests mobility of the medaka fish Tol1 transposable element in the frog Xenopus laevis.","authors":"Akira Hikosaka, Akihiko Koga","doi":"10.1017/S0016672307008889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672307008889","url":null,"abstract":"Tol1 is a DNA-based transposable element identified in the medaka fish Oryzias latipes and a member of the hAT (hobo/Activator/Tam3) transposable element family. Its mobility has already been demonstrated in the human and mouse, in addition to its original host species. This element is thus expected to be useful in a wide range of vertebrates as a genomic manipulation tool. Herein, we show that the Tol1 element can undergo excision in the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis, a major model organism for vertebrate genetics and developmental biology. An indicator plasmid carrying a Tol1 element was injected into 2- or 4-cell-stage embryos together with either a helper plasmid coding for the full-length Tol1 transposase or a modified helper plasmid yielding a truncated protein, and recovered from tailbud-stage embryos. Deletion of the Tol1 region of the indicator plasmid was observed in the experiment with the full-length transposase, and not in the other case. The deletion was associated with various footprint sequences at breakpoints, as frequently observed with many DNA-based transposable elements. These results indicate that the Tol1 element was excised from the indicator plasmid by catalysis of the transposase, and suggest that the Tol1 element is mobile in this frog species.","PeriodicalId":12777,"journal":{"name":"Genetical research","volume":"89 4","pages":"201-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0016672307008889","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40850801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Accuracy of marker-assisted selection with single markers and marker haplotypes in cattle. 牛单标记和单倍型标记辅助选择的准确性。

Genetical research Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0016672307008865

B J Hayes, A J Chamberlain, H McPartlan, I Macleod, L Sethuraman, M E Goddard

引用次数: 97