Construction Materials and Products最新文献

{"title":"Calculation of monolithic buildings structures taking into account the nonlinear operation of reinforced concrete","authors":"T. Ksenofontova, O.V. Mareeva, A.S. Verkhoglyadova","doi":"10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"Buildings and structures made of reinforced concrete are currently designed, as a rule, under the assumption of linear work of the material. However, in accordance with the requirements of modern standards, it is necessary to take into account the nonlinear operation of concrete and reinforcement in calculations. In the research presented in the article, using the example of a building with a wall structural system, the influence of taking into account the physical nonlinearity of reinforced concrete on the operation of its structures was considered. It was received that due to the nonlinear operation, there is a prospect of a possible reduction in the calculated forces affecting the strength and width of crack opening, and, consequently, the reinforcement consumption. In addition, when taking into account the work of reinforcement in the zone of yield stresses in ceilings and walls, local plastic areas may form that require reinforcement, which are not fixed in linear calculations. The calculations were performed in the LIRA-CAD 2021 software package. The results of the calculations showed that taking into account the nonlinear operation of reinforced concrete when considering the floors of a building allows reducing the design efforts compared to calculations performed in a linear formulation by about (3 - 30)%, and when calculating walls, on the contrary, taking into account the physical nonlinearity of reinforced concrete, internal forces increase in some cases more more than twice. Taking into account the physical nonlinearity of reinforced concrete work also leads to a more correct assessment of floor deflections.","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress-strain state during the formation of normal cracks in three-layer bendable reinforced concrete elements under the action of longitudinal and transverse forces","authors":"O.A. Korol, Т.А. Barabanova, E.U. Abdullazianov, L. Sabitov, M.M. Ayzatullin","doi":"10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Most wall panels in operating multi-storey residential buildings are in a complex stress-strain state under the influence of vertical and horizontal loads, such as their own weight, wind, etc. These features must be taken into account in the calculation in order to ensure operational safety. The combination of vertical and horizontal forces acting simultaneously for three-layer bending elements leads to the fact that the boundary between the compressed and tensile zones not only moves from one layer to another, but also has a different geometric shape depending on the ratio between the vertical and horizontal load. The stress-strain state during the formation of normal cracks in three-layer bendable reinforced concrete elements is caused by the impact on layers of different concretes. The formation of normal cracks occurs due to the achievement of ultimate tensile strength by the most stretched concrete under the influence of external loads. Since three-layer reinforced concrete elements consist of two outer layers (reinforced concrete) and a middle layer (lightweight concrete), when such an element bends, the outer layers are subject to compression, and the middle layer is subject to tension. The boundary of the compressed zone can be located either in one of the outer layers or intersect the middle layer, which falls into both the compressed and stretched zones. To analyze the stress-strain state during the formation of normal cracks, it is necessary to take into account the fol-lowing parameters: geometric characteristics of the element (dimensions and shape of the section, layer thickness, etc.), physical and mechanical properties of concrete (compressive and tensile strength, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, crack resistance coefficient, etc.), characteristics of reinforcement (class, diameter, pitch of bars, etc.) and its location in the section.","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stereotypical ideas in the perception of spatial marginality of urban outskirts","authors":"A.D. Chistova","doi":"10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-1-6","url":null,"abstract":"According to the territorial-regional development policy of Russia, a rigid structuring of the country's space is applied through the prism of a hierarchical management system. As a result, the structure of the space of the entire country was fixed through a system of boundaries, the markers of which highlight management objects at the national level, subject of the Russian Federation, territory, region, district. This article will present the main stereotypes that influence the creation of the perception of new territories in the nature of marginality. As is known, the formation of marginal communities can be traced throughout the history of civilizations. It is important to separate geographical marginality from spatial marginality. In geography, there is the concept of “marginal territories”, which can be considered those located on the remote periphery of the region or in isolated places. Such a phenomenon as spatial marginality is characterized precisely by the prevailing stereotypes in society about a specific area. Urban spatial perception critically influences human behavior and emotional responses, emphasizing the need to align urban spaces with human needs to improve the quality of urban life. However, the classification of urban architecture based on functionality is subject to biases stemming from discrepancies between objective representation and subjective perception. These biases can lead to city planning and designs that fail to adequately meet the needs and preferences of city residents, negatively impacting their quality of life and the overall functionality of the city. In this study, we apply machine learning to uncover these biases in urban spatial perception research using a three-step methodology: objective mapping, subjective perception analysis, and perceptual bias assessment. Our results show that machine learning can reveal hidden patterns in this area of research with significant implications for urban planning and design. Of particular note, the study found significant discrepancies in the distribution centroids between commercial buildings and residential or public buildings. This result sheds light on the spatial organization characteristics of urban architectural functions, serving as a valuable guide for urban planning and development. Moreover, it reveals the advantages and disadvantages of different data sources and methods for interpreting urban spatial perception, paving the way to a more complete understanding of the subject. These results highlight the importance of integrating both objective mapping and subjective perspectives when classifying the functionality of urban architecture.","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140479352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Processing of nonlinear concrete creep curves using nonlinear optimization methods","authors":"A. Chepurnenko, V. Turina, V. Akopyan","doi":"10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes a method for determining the rheological parameters of concrete based on creep curves at various stress levels using the theory of V.M. Bondarenko. Using the proposed methodology, the experimental data presented in the work of A.V. Yashin is processed. The problem of searching for rheological parameters is posed as a nonlinear optimization problem. The sum of squared deviations of the experimental values of creep strains from the theoretical ones is minimized. The interior point method is used as a nonlinear optimization method. Four different expressions for the creep measure are considered, including the creep measure by N.Kh. Harutyunyan, creep measure by A.G. Tamrazyan, a creep measure in the form of a sum of two exponentials, and McHenry’s creep measure. It has been shown that the best agreement with experimental data is provided by the McHenry’s creep measure. An expression has been selected for the nonlinearity function, which describes the nonlinear relationship between stresses and creep strains. It is shown that the instantaneous nonlinearity of deformation and the nonlinearity that manifests itself over time cannot be described by a single function.","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field thermovision study of externsl enclosure for multi-storey residential building under climatic conditions of Northern Kazakhstan","authors":"N. Zhangabay, A. Giyasov, S. Ybray, T. Tursunkululy, A. Kolesnikov","doi":"10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"An in-place thermovision study was carried out in a multi-apartment apartment building of high comfort in a cold period of the year, located in the Northern part of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the work. The study result showed the presence of significant problems on thermal protection at the edge and inner corner fences where the temperature difference between the inner surface of an enclosure and the internal temperature was 6.4 - 19.4ºC. An analysis of thermograms of window joints in living rooms also showed a significant temperature drop from -9.3ºC to 18ºC, where total vulnerable area was up to 10%. Thermograms of window-sill joints of living rooms also showed a temperature drop to -21.1 ºC with an area of 15.7 %. The temperature on a reinforced concrete column’s inner surface showed a value of 6.5 ºC, which is typical for an area of 34.8 %. An analysis of outside and inside temperatures showed that as the temperature drops from -7 ºC to -23 ºC during the day, the inside temperature of the room remains relatively stable at 25.3 - 26.1 ºC, although there are problems with the thermal protection of the enclosures, which indicates overconsumption of heat energy. Moreover, the internal air temperature exceeds the permissible temperature for living rooms by 1.3 - 2.6 ºС. An analysis of air humidity also showed unsatisfactory values, which during the day varied from 17.4% to 21.2%. The deviations identified during the survey indicate the presence of problems on thermal protection of external enclosures, which require additional surveys aimed at further development and optimization of external enclosure designs to obtain optimal values in the issue of energy saving, considering the climatic characteristics of the Kazakhstan regions.","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140478641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molding properties of clay mixtures in the soft mud brick manufacture","authors":"V.D. Kotlyar, Yu.I. Nebezhko, M.Yu. Semenova","doi":"10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals physical and mechanical characteristics of clay mixtures in the soft mud brick manifacture. Considering that currently Russia has no advisory or regulatory documents on the selection of raw materials for soft mud bricks and requirements for their physical and mechanical properties, this issue is quite relevant. The authors, based on their extensive practical experience, present data on acceptable ranges of clay mixtures deformation and critical compressive stress in the soft mud brick manufacture, as well as the results of studies on the influence of electrolyte additives on these indicators. The findings of how the mineral composition of clay raw materials and moisture con-tent influence the critical compressive stress and stickiness of clay mixtures are also presented. Thus, it has been experimentally established that the critical compressive stress of clay mixtures for soft mud bricks should be in the range of 0.2 – 0.8 kg/cm2, and the deformation degree of raw bricks should be in the range of 3 – 5 units. Moreover, even within such narrow limits, depending on their variation as well as on the method of molding and the composition of clay mixtures, it is possible to obtain differ-ent structures of the brick front surface: granular, tuberculate, grooved, wavy, corrugated, spotted, scaly, and their combinations. The moisture content of clay mixtures, depending on the type of clay raw material, can vary within very wide limits: from 20 to 38 per cent. The data obtained will make it possible to develop methods for selecting raw materials for soft mud bricks, which in turn will con-tribute to the organization of its wide production in various regions.","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PRACTICE OF USING TECHNICAL FABRICS IN THE PRODUCTION OF HEAT-RESISTANT SLEEVES","authors":"A. Dahno, Yuri M. Smirnov, A. Tenenev, I. Ryleeva, V. Alfer'eva","doi":"10.34031/2618-7183-2022-5-1-5-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2022-5-1-5-14","url":null,"abstract":"the article has developed and mastered promising technologies for the production of heat-resistant metallurgical hoses, which include the use of synthetic materials for the power frame and fire-resistant - cover fibrous materials. Experimental studies have been carried out to reduce the material consumption of the production of sleeves, due to changes in manufacturing technology at the stage of cutting the strips of the power frame and assembling the sleeves. A sleeve manufacturing technology is described, which provides for the introduction of a wire spiral into the sleeve design to protect the sleeves from loss of transverse stability and reduce the bending radius. Technical cord materials for the manufacture of a power frame for sleeves of various types in production are considered. The technology of protecting the outer surface has been mastered, providing for the creation of bumpers of various design schemes. In order to increase the temperature resistance of the operation of metallurgical heat-resistant sleeves, a technology has been created for the manufacture of sleeves based on non-flammable and fire-resistant fabric materials covering the sleeves on the outer surface. The operation of the hoses showed the correctness of the developed technologies and the choice of appropriate materials. Research work on the development of new fire-resistant materials for heat-resistant hoses has been carried out. The prospects of using innovative technology for manufacturing heat-resistant metallurgical hoses are noted","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122995670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF MODERN INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS","authors":"A. Erykov","doi":"10.34031/2618-7183-2022-5-1-15-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2022-5-1-15-37","url":null,"abstract":"today, up to 80% of buildings and structures are built on deep foundations, the main elements of which are concrete and reinforced concrete piles (hammered, bored and piles made according to CFA technology). Since the beginning of the mass use of drilling piles (the 60s of the last century), there is still a problem of ensuring the reliability of foundations, due to the fact that the process of installing piles is hidden from observation, and unacceptable defects may form in the pile trunks, which reduce the bearing capacity of piles and can lead the structure to an emergency condition. Pile construction technologies are constantly being improved, however, it is still not possible to avoid the appearance of defects in pile trunks because there are quite a lot of reasons for the formation of defects that it is not always possible to foresee and take into account. That is why, during the construction of deep foundations, output monitoring of the technical condition of drill pile shafts should be provided, which cannot be performed without the use of non-destructive diagnostic methods. The use of these methods and means, which implements them, should be mandatory to ensure the reliability and safety of the operation of buildings and structures and today is already provided for by numerous standards and regulatory documents. Currently, acoustic methods are mainly used for diagnostics, namely: single- and multi-channel acoustic logging; pulse Echo method with shock excitation of elastic waves (hereinafter referred to as the method of vibration-shock diagnostics). It should be noted that in the case of using high deformation to excite elastic waves, at which the impact energy on the end of the pile reaches the limit of proportionality, an assessment of the bearing capacity of experimental piles is given, and the low technique is used exclusively for diagnosing pile trunks. For a long time, these methods could not be widely implemented in the field. Their capabilities have increased significantly after the development of digital signal processing methods","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114373339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MODULAR STRUCTURES AS A METHOD OF ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT ARRANGEMENT","authors":"P. Loshakov","doi":"10.34031/2618-7183-2022-5-1-38-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2022-5-1-38-53","url":null,"abstract":"key versions of the concept «module» in the sphere of architectural design are considered. Modular structures are defined as a means of creating a flexible and dynamic architectural environment with variable functional parameters, the main potential of which is expressed in the speed of erection, autonomy, economical efficiency, transformative possibilities. The main features and advantages of the modular structures as well as the most effective fields of their application are considered. Examples are given of modular objects from current construction practices that illustrate the possibilities and specific means of their formation. Special emphasis has been placed on the ecological feasibility of modular facilities, as well as on the possibility of their interaction with the established architectural context. The use of the modular method in extreme conditions, including the formation of a habitable environment in outer space, is considered.","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124187847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEATURES OF DEVELOPING UNIQUE ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS USING DIGITAL METHODS BASED ON VISUAL PROGRAMMING","authors":"M. Saleh","doi":"10.34031/2618-7183-2022-5-1-54-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2022-5-1-54-59","url":null,"abstract":"the article deals with the creation of a parametric facade by writing an algorithm based on attractor modeling methods. The article analyzes various options for extracting facade solutions based on world and domestic design experience. In addition, the article describes in detail the general algorithm for creating a parametric facade using the Rhinoceros program and the Grasshopper component environment. Architecture combined with modern digital technologies can provide an opportunity for the emergence of a new type of architectural thinking both in the context of shaping and in the context of design. Today, the architectural world is constantly replenished with new innovative tools and the design methods generated by them, but until now there was no clear classification and structuring of emerging opportunities. At the early stages of the emergence of digital methods, it is important to create a hierarchy of all tools and understand which one is suitable for certain tasks, create a base of experiments and results based on the latest methods. This approach finds its relevance in modern methods of architectural design, as it provides an alternative choice of options and a high speed of automated modeling.","PeriodicalId":127090,"journal":{"name":"Construction Materials and Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117351788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}