Armies of ArabiaPub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0007
Z. Barany
{"title":"Military Performance","authors":"Z. Barany","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"In Chapter 6 the various strands of the study come together as the actual performance of the Gulf armies is appraised. Given the limited involvement of GCC countries in military operations, the available evidence to base judgments upon their battlefield effectiveness is slender. Therefore, the analysis integrates lessons that may be learned from training and large-scale exercises GCC armies have participated in. To understand Gulf armies’ deficiencies, special attention is paid to the instruction and cultural aspects of the most prestigious military specialization, pilot training. In the second section the scant foreign deployment of Gulf militaries is examined, with special emphasis on the UAE, the only GCC army with extensive experience in this area. The bulk of this chapter centers on the ongoing civil war in Yemen in which the Saudi and Emirati armed forces have played a major role, thus allowing us the opportunity to assess their performance.","PeriodicalId":126647,"journal":{"name":"Armies of Arabia","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117175199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Armies of ArabiaPub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0005
Z. Barany
{"title":"Military Economy","authors":"Z. Barany","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 4 is concerned with economic issues and is divided into three parts. The objective of the first is to comparatively analyze the six GCC states’ military expenditures. It begins with a brief review of contemporary Gulf economies, then compares the six monarchies’ defense outlays. The next section focuses on questions of weapons acquisition: how, from whom, what, and for what reason do they purchase—corresponding to the political-structural explanatory variables outlined above. The absence of substantive oversight engenders corruption in weapons deals and its effects on the militaries. In the last part the attention shifts to the Gulf armies’ arsenals, as I look at the issue of the compatibility of weapons with missions, the curious neglect of naval forces, and offer a brief discussion on maintenance and facilities. Finally, a relatively new development, the build-up of indigenous defense industries in Saudi Arabia and the UAE, is comparatively appraised.","PeriodicalId":126647,"journal":{"name":"Armies of Arabia","volume":"127 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114052954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Armies of ArabiaPub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0002
Z. Barany
{"title":"Background","authors":"Z. Barany","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter sets the stage for the study by calling attention to some of the key issues and turning points that are intrinsic parts of Arabia’s social and political history. The first is tribalism, which is integral to understanding these societies. The second is the atypical military force, the Ikhwan, that the founder of modern Saudi Arabia, King Ibn Saud (known in Arabia as Abdulaziz Al Saud), developed to conquer much of the territory that became the region’s largest country. The third is the British role in influencing the Gulf states’ security sector. The fourth is the creation of the United Arab Emirates and its military force. Finally, I probe two formative moments in recent history: the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and the country’s liberation by a US-led coalition, and the military-security dimension of the Arab uprisings that began in late 2010 and have influenced subsequent related developments.","PeriodicalId":126647,"journal":{"name":"Armies of Arabia","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133187720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Armies of ArabiaPub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0004
Z. Barany
{"title":"Military Sociology","authors":"Z. Barany","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses issues germane to military sociology and focuses on explaining how sociocultural factors sap the effectiveness of Gulf armies. The first portion of the chapter is devoted to the social and regional backgrounds of enlisted members of the armed forces and explores the reasons for the introduction of mandatory military service in Kuwait, Qatar, and the UAE. The following section is dedicated to a comprehensive appraisal of the officer corps from cadets to generals, examining their career trajectories and education at home and abroad. The chapter then explores the age-old practice of Gulf rulers to utilize the services of contract soldiers (aka mercenaries) and foreign advisers. The chapter’s last part focuses on sociocultural issues from education to decision-making and the pervasive influence of tribalism.","PeriodicalId":126647,"journal":{"name":"Armies of Arabia","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127026323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Armies of ArabiaPub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0006
Z. Barany
{"title":"Military Diplomacy","authors":"Z. Barany","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"The armies of Arabia depend on foreign countries in many respects—as a source of protection, contract soldiers, and armaments—therefore, it is important take a closer look at their external relations. Chapter 5 begins with an analysis of the GCC, asking why it has failed to foster close military cooperation and examining the special relationships and deepening conflicts within the group. Since the Gulf’s militaries’ relations with all world regions could not possibly be tackled, the focus here is on Arab and Muslim states in the Middle East. The discussion of Gulf relations with the United States and the United Kingdom centers on the military bases they have used and maintained in Arabia. Israel has always occupied a unique place in the foreign affairs of Gulf countries; therefore, the last section of the chapter is taken up with the examination of the changing relationship between Jerusalem and the GCC.","PeriodicalId":126647,"journal":{"name":"Armies of Arabia","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116062598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Armies of ArabiaPub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0003
Z. Barany
{"title":"Military Politics","authors":"Z. Barany","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190866204.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is concerned with military politics. It views the kingdoms as family states and weighs the domestic threats they face from conflicts pertaining to succession and intra-family divisions. The downsides of one of the structural aspects of these states—for example, the immense power of a few individuals to make weighty decisions—is critically examined. Attention is also devoted to the weakness of domestic political opposition, threats from abroad, and the methods GCC states have employed to repress them. In the last section, the focus shifts to civil-military relations as the methods Gulf monarchies have developed to keep their armies loyal are assessed such as the creation of privileged units and forces, the fostering of institutional rivalries between various elements, and the exclusion of certain sectarian communities from security sector employment. In short, this chapter is devoted to institutional analysis and explores how political and structural factors impede the Gulf armies’ effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":126647,"journal":{"name":"Armies of Arabia","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134311672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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